Lokacin kiwon shanu, sanin nauyin kowane dabba ba kawai amfani ba ne, amma mahimmanci. Wannan mai nuna alama yana ba ku damar ƙayyade yawan yawan dabba, zana yanke shawara game da tasirin abincin da aka zaɓa, zaɓi farashin da ya dace lokacin sayar da dabbobi. Amma ba kowace gona tana da ma’auni na tsarin da ake so ba, kuma banda haka, yana da wuya a auna saniya babba da kanku. A wannan yanayin, zai zama da amfani ga mai kiwo don samun bayanai kan yadda ake gano nauyin shanu daga ma’auni da tebur na musamman ba tare da amfani da kayan aunawa ba.
Shanu
Matsakaicin nauyin saniya da sa
Yana da matukar wahala a tantance matsakaicin matsakaicin ma’aunin nauyi ga shanu da bijimai, amma a cikin wannan al’amari akwai fasali da yawa waɗanda ke da halayen dukkan halittu masu rai na wannan nau’in. Na farko daga cikinsu yana ɗaukan dogaro da nauyin dabbobi akan alkiblar yawan aiki wanda nau’in ya kasance. Akwai manyan fannoni guda 2:
- Nama. Shanu da bijimai, waɗanda aka kiwo don naman sa, an bambanta su ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙwayar tsoka. Wannan yana nunawa a cikin nauyin dabbar. A matsakaici, saniya ɗaya na nau’in nama yana auna daga 400 zuwa 700 kg. Bijimin a wannan bangaren ya fi mace daraja. Nauyinsa na iya bambanta daga 800 zuwa 1500 kg. Masu rikodi na wannan siga sune wakilan irin na Hereford.
- Kiwo. Nauyin shanun kiwo ya ragu sosai. Adult sires suna samun matsakaicin 700 zuwa 1100 kg. Nauyin saniya shine 400-600 kg. Wakilai na nau’in Holstein-Friesian kawai zasu iya kaiwa nauyin kilogiram 720-750.
Siffa ta biyu ita ce, ba tare da la’akari da irin jinsin ba, kullum bijimai sun fi saniya nauyi. Hakanan, alamun nauyin dabbar suna da tasiri sosai ta yanayin tsarewa, tsarin abinci, da shekaru.
Ya danganta da abubuwan da aka lissafa, har ma a cikin wannan nau’in, ana rarrabe nau’ikan halittu masu nauyi da yawa:
- zaba Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da duk shanu waɗanda nauyinsu ya wuce 450-500 kg.
- Darasi na farko. Rukunin ya haɗa da dabbobi masu nauyin kilogiram 400-450.
- Ajin na biyu. Nauyin dabbobi daga 380 zuwa 400 kg.
- aji na uku. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi duk wakilan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin kilo 380.
Hankali! Matsakaicin ma’aunin ma’aunin dabbobi da aka nuna yana ba ku damar kwatanta daidaitattun nau’ikan da aka tsara tare da alamun da aka samu yayin auna. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar sanin tasirin hanyar da aka aiwatar na kiyaye dabbobi.
Nauyin dabbobi ta ma’auni, tebur mai nauyi
Idan babu kayan aunawa, ma’auni da aka riga aka yi da tebur na musamman don ƙayyade nauyin shanu suna ba ku damar gano yawan adadin sa. Yana ba da ra’ayi na kimanin nauyin dabba tare da kuskuren 20-30 kg. Don tabbatarwa, wajibi ne a yi ma’auni masu zuwa ta amfani da tela ko ma’aunin tela:
- Gishiri na jiki a cikin yankin sternum. Don aunawa, ana riƙe tef ɗin a bayan kafadar dabbar dabba kuma an haɗa shi a cikin yankin kirji.
- Tsawon Jikin Oblique. An shimfiɗa tef ɗin daga kafadar saniya zuwa tuberosity na ischial (protrusion na musamman akansa).
Auna nauyin shanu
Bayanan da aka samu yayin aunawa ana maye gurbinsu a cikin tebur na musamman. Irin waɗannan teburan suna haɓaka ta ƙwararrun masu kiwon dabbobi kuma suna wanzu a cikin nau’ikan iri da yawa.
Yin amfani da ma’auni na regression
Idan kun yi ma’auni na girth na kirjin dabba, za ku iya ƙayyade nauyin a kan tabo kuma ba tare da amfani da tebur ba. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da ma’aunin koma baya na musamman, wanda ke da nau’i mai zuwa:
Y = 5,3x-X
A cikin wannan dabarar, “Y” na nufin nauyin saniya, “x” ita ce madaidaicin kimar gindin kirjin dabbar, “X” ma’auni ne na musamman wanda ke daukar daya daga cikin dabi’u uku:
- tare da girman kirji na 170-180 cm – 507;
- tare da alamar 181-191 cm – 486;
- idan girth shine 192 ko fiye – 465.
Magana. Don ƙayyade taro, duk ƙimar uXNUMXbuXNUMXbare an maye gurbinsu a cikin dabara. Sakamakon da aka samu yana nuna kimanin nauyin dabba kuma kusan yayi daidai da lambobin da aka nuna a cikin tebur.
Hanyar Freuven
An tsara hanyar Freuven don ƙayyade nauyin ƙananan dabbobi daga ma’aunin da aka yi. A wannan yanayin, ana auna maƙarƙashiyar ƙirji da tsayin ɗan maraƙi, amma an maye gurbin alkaluman da aka samu yayin aunawa a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
Ƙaddamar da nauyin ƙananan dabbobi bisa ga hanyar Freuven
Dokokin yin amfani da tebur a nan suna da sauƙi kuma a zahiri maimaita sauran zaɓuɓɓukan tebur waɗanda ke kan hanyar sadarwa. Amma lambobin da aka bayar a cikin jerin an daidaita su ta la’akari da abubuwan da suka dace na girman jiki da girma na matasa. Ƙimar nauyin nauyi yana cikin tantanin halitta da ke a tsakar ginshiƙi da jere da ake so.
Hanyar Kluwer-Strauch
Wata sanannen hanyar aunawa ita ce hanyar Klüver-Strauch. Hakanan ana amfani da tebur a nan, amma ƙimar da aka gabatar a ciki suna amfani ne kawai ga manya manya. Jerin Klüver-Strauch yana ɗaukar nau’i mai zuwa:
Ƙayyade nauyin shanu ta hanyar Klüver-Strauch
Ana amfani da teburin daidai da bambance-bambancen Freuven. Dangane da girth da tsayin tsayin jikin shanun, sun zaɓi wurin madaidaicin madaidaicin. Zai nuna yawan rayayyun halittu.
Muhimmanci! Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar bin diddigin ƙimar girma na saniya da bin ƙa’idodin da aka ba da shawarar. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin masu shayarwa suna amfani da shi don sarrafa nauyin karsana a lokacin daukar ciki.
Hanyar Trukhanovsky
Hakanan zaka iya samun kimanin nauyin maraƙi ta amfani da hanyar Trukhanovsky. Ya ƙunshi amfani da dabarar lissafi:
Y = (AxB/100)xK
A ciki, “Y”, kamar yadda yake a cikin ma’auni na koma baya, yana nufin yawan dabba. Lambar “A” tana nuna girman kirjin jariri, “B” – tsawon jikin maraƙi, wanda aka nuna a cikin santimita. Harafin “K” yana nuna ƙididdiga na musamman, wanda nau’in dabba ya shafa. Idan maraƙi yana cikin nau’in jagorancin nama, to K = 2,5. A cikin yanayin lokacin da nau’in kiwo ne, K=2.
Bugu da ƙari ga duk lambobi, don sakamako mafi dacewa, ya kamata ku kuma kula da kitse. Idan ɗan maraƙi ya wuce gona da iri, ana ƙara wani 5-10% zuwa sakamakon. Idan jaririn yana da bakin ciki, to, alamar nauyinsa, akasin haka, an rage shi ta hanyar da aka nuna.
Tare da tef na musamman
Ga masu shayarwa waɗanda suke da kasala don aiwatar da lissafi da daidaitawa tare da tebur, akwai zaɓi don auna yawan shanu ta amfani da tef na musamman. A kan shi, maimakon raka’a na tsayi, raka’a don ƙayyade nauyin suna nan da nan alama. A wannan yanayin, ana yin ma’auni sosai a bayan kafafun gaba na saniya.
Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan hanya ta ƙunshi kuskure mafi girma. Saboda haka, a cikin ma’auni, ya kamata a bi dokoki da yawa:
- Tef ɗin yana lulluɓe sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu, yana tabbatar da cewa ya kwanta daidai da jikin saniya kuma yana matse gefenta kaɗan.
- Ana maimaita ma’aunin aƙalla sau uku. An taƙaita sakamakon da aka samu kuma ana neman matsakaicin ƙimar.
- Ana kwatanta ƙimar nauyin nauyi tare da kitsen saniya, bayan haka an ƙara ko rage 5-10% na sakamakon.
Yadda za a gano nauyin shanu baƙar fata da fari?
Waɗannan hanyoyin aunawa sun dace da yawancin nau’ikan shanu, amma akwai keɓancewa a cikinsu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da layin baƙar fata da fari na shanu. Don auna su, ana amfani da tebur daban:
Teburi don auna nauyin layin shanun baki da fari
A wannan yanayin, ma’auni sun bambanta da waɗanda aka nuna a sama. Don sanin nauyin irin waɗannan shanu, auna girman kirji da ciki na dabba a mafi fadi. Sauran ƙa’idodin don amfani da tebur suna kama da sauran hanyoyin.
Ba kowane mai kiwo ke da ma’auni masu tsada da ya dace da auna shanu ba. Amma sanin ainihin nauyin saniya yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don sarrafa nauyin dabba, don zaɓar mutanen da suka dace don yin aure ko siyarwa. A wannan yanayin, zai zama da amfani don iya ƙayyade nauyin halittu masu rai ba tare da ma’auni ba, bisa ga ma’auni na jiki da tebur na musamman.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
