Wace irin ƙasa ce tafarnuwa ke so lokacin dasa shuki a cikin fall?

Dasa tafarnuwa a cikin kaka ya bambanta da bazara. Ba tare da sanin duk subtleties, za ka iya rasa mai kyau girbi. A cikin labarin za mu yi magana game da ka’idojin dasa shuki tafarnuwa kafin hunturu. Za ku koyi yadda ake shirya gadaje, wane irin tafarnuwa na hunturu ya fi so, da kuma yadda za a inganta abun da ke ciki – duk wannan zai ba ku damar girma manyan kawunansu tare da dandano mai kyau.

Abubuwan buƙatu na asali

Tafarnuwa ba ta son ƙasa da ke riƙe da danshi, don haka kada ku zaɓi ƙasa mai laushi don shuka tafarnuwa – ƙananan ɓangaren zai lalace, kuma akwai babban haɗari na barin ba tare da amfanin gona ba. Zabi ƙaramin tudu don dasa shuki a cikin fall, amma ba wuri mai buɗewa sosai don kada al’adun su daskare kaɗan. Kafin hunturu, yana da kyau a shirya gadaje daga arewa zuwa kudu. Yana da kyawawa cewa gefen rana ba a hana shi ta hanyar ciyayi ko gine-gine – tafarnuwa yana son haske mai yawa.

Dangane da wannan, kada ku zaɓi yanki mai inuwa, yana da mahimmanci cewa hasken bazara na farko ya dumi amfanin gona da kyau. Ba a ba da shawarar shuka tafarnuwa a wuri ɗaya na shekaru da yawa a jere ba. Don wannan al’ada, kowane lokaci yana da kyau a zabi ƙasa mai laushi, yayin da alamar acidity shine muhimmiyar mahimmanci. Tafarnuwa ba mai son ƙasa ba ce.

Yarda da ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona zai taimaka wajen ajiyewa akan farashin shirya ƙasa don amfanin gona na tafarnuwa. Mafi kyawun madogaran tafarnuwa sune kayan lambu masu zuwa:

• wake;
• kabeji;
• kabewa;
• zucchini;
• kokwamba.

Tafarnuwa za ta yi girma da kyau bayan furanni iri-iri da kuma bayan strawberries. Wannan amfanin gona na Berry yana barin ƙasa mai kyau, don haka idan kun yanke shawarar dasa shi, tabbatar da shuka tafarnuwa a wurinsa. Bayan sauran magabata, dole ne a ba da ƙasa lokaci don hutawa, saboda haka ana bada shawara don girbi dukan amfanin gona a watan Agusta, tafarnuwa kanta an dasa shi a baya kafin karshen Oktoba – farkon Nuwamba. Dole ne a cika wannan buƙatun – wajibi ne don kada hakora su yi girma kafin lokaci daga faɗuwa. Idan wannan tsabar har yanzu yana da dumi, motsa kwanakin shuka da kanku. Lokacin da sanyi ya zo, ci gaba da samuwar gadaje, da dasa shuki na amfanin gona.

A kowane yanki, kaka, kamar sauran yanayi, yana zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban – ci gaba daga halayen yankin da kuke zaune. Kada a dasa tafarnuwa bayan shuka dankalin turawa da tumatir, gadaje albasa. Akwai babban haɗari ga tafarnuwa don yin rashin lafiya daga waɗannan kayan lambu tare da cututtuka na yau da kullum, halin da ake ciki na iya kara tsanantawa har ma da shirye-shirye na musamman ba zai taimaka wajen dawo da tsire-tsire daga baya ba kuma ya ajiye amfanin gona. Tafarnuwa ba za ta ba da ‘ya’ya ba ko da bayan karas, eggplants, nau’in beets. Mustard yana wadatar da ƙasa daidai, kuma idan sauran waɗanda suka gabace su suna buƙatar cire su a watan Agusta, to zaku iya tsaftace wannan koren taki daga baya, kafin matakan shirye-shiryen dasa amfanin gona na tafarnuwa.

Mustard yana daidaita matakin pH a cikin ƙasa.

Tabbatar da acidity

Tafarnuwa kafin hunturu ya fi son abun da ke ciki na ƙasa mara oxidized. Don bayyana wannan alamar, kuna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa tare da ƙaramin adadin vinegar. Idan substrate ya yi kuka, to, duk abin da ke da kyau – akwai ɗan acidity a ciki, kuma idan babu amsa ga vinegar, to, iskar shaka na ƙasa ya tafi daga sikelin. Har ila yau kula da wannan gaskiyar: idan akwai babban adadin ciyawa a kan shafin, wannan yana nuna babban acidity na ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, an cire shi tare da mahadi masu zuwa:

• tashi ash;
• alli;
• calcareous tufa;
• gishiri (calcium);
• m;
• dolomite.

Idan ba a dauki matakan rigakafin acid ba, tafarnuwa ta hunturu ba za ta ji dadi ba a irin wannan yanki. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan al’ada ba ta da irin wannan tsarin tushen ci gaba, yana buƙatar ci gaba da gina jiki. Don haka suturar saman ta zama mafi kyau, kuma ƙasa ta zama deoxidized. Don haka, gari na dolomite yana jure wa wannan aikin daidai kuma yana taimakawa shuka don samun ingantaccen takin gargajiya da ma’adinai. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da dolomite a lokacin rani a cikin nauyin kilogiram 0,5 a kowace murabba’in mita 1.

Deoxidation na ƙasa ta wannan hanya shine mafi araha kuma mafi inganci; dolomite ba matsala bane don siye a cikin shagunan lambu. Babu dolomite a hannu, yi amfani da ash na yau da kullun. Dukansu abubuwan da aka tsara ba su cutar da samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba. Dole ne a bincika alamar acidity na ƙasa kafin kowace dasa tafarnuwa. Ana aiwatar da deoxidation mai girma a kowace shekara 5-7 ta hanyar gabatar da ɗayan abubuwan alkaline. Wani lokaci jujjuya amfanin gona yana gyara yanayin.

Shirya

Tafarnuwa ta fi son ƙasa mai laushi. A kan abubuwan da aka yi da loamy, ba zai yi girma ba. Don inganta wannan abun da ke ciki, shirya peat da yashi a gaba. Don aiwatar da murabba’in murabba’in mita 10, kuna buƙatar buckets 10 na ɗaya da sauran ɓangaren. Yana da kyau a shirya gadaje don tafarnuwa hunturu a gaba. Mazauna rani ƙwararru suna fara aiki a watan Agusta: suna noma, suna takin ƙasa, suna aiwatar da matakan rigakafin. Zai fi kyau a bar ƙasa ta huta na tsawon shekara 1 a wurin da za a shuka tafarnuwa a nan gaba.

Idan ba zai yiwu a bar wurin don murmurewa na dogon lokaci ba, tabbatar da lalata ƙasa don kawar da ƙasa daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarke ​​​​da aka kafa yayin haɓakar sauran amfanin gona a wannan wurin.

Wannan lamari ne mai mahimmanci, tun da tafarnuwa shuka ce mai mahimmanci, kuma idan aka yi la’akari da cewa ana cin tushen amfanin gona, mahimmancin irin wannan shiri ya fi dacewa.

Kamuwa da cuta

Ana aiwatar da aikin kawar da ƙasa kamar haka.

• Yi bayani na jan karfe sulfate ta hanyar haɗuwa da 1 tablespoon na abun da ke ciki a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
• Ana kula da yankin don tafarnuwa na hunturu a cikin adadin 1 lita na bayani a kowace murabba’in mita 1.
• Bayan ƙasa ta bushe kadan, an rufe gadaje da polyethylene ko spunbond na wani abu mai yawa, kuma a bar shi a ƙarƙashin murfin har sai an dasa.

Disinfection ƙasa kafin dasa tafarnuwa hunturu ana iya yin shi tare da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu. Duk da haka, tsarin mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa daga gare su yana jinkirta – wannan dole ne a yi la’akari da shi kuma ya kamata a fara aikin shiri a gaba.

A wasu lokuta, ba za a iya ba da sinadarai da su ba, musamman idan ya zo ga munanan raunuka na farkon tafarnuwa. Baya ga jan karfe sulfate, wasu hanyoyin zasu taimaka.

• “Fitosporin” – An narkar da 5 g na foda a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, kuma an zubar da maganin da aka samu sosai ta hanyar ruwa a yankin da ke ƙarƙashin tafarnuwa. Ana yin wannan magani makonni 3 kafin dasa hakora.
• Agate-25K – Ana narkar da cokali 3 na manna a cikin lita 10 kuma a yi maganin murabba’in mita 10.
• Baikal EM-1 – Ana narkar da cokali 10 a cikin guga na ruwa kuma a shayar da yanki na murabba’in mita 10.

Yana da kyau a fara shirye-shiryen ƙasa kwanaki 45 kafin dasa tafarnuwa. Ƙasar tana buƙatar daidaitawa kuma ta daidaita bayan an yi noma don kada tin ya yi zurfi sosai a lokacin girma. Tsarin takin zamani yana da mahimmanci.

Taki

A cikin kaka, ana gabatar da mahadi na potash da phosphorus zuwa wurin da za a shuka tafarnuwa a nan gaba. Yi wannan a gaba lokacin shirya wurin da kwanaki 14 nan da nan kafin dasa shuki. Hakanan ana buƙatar Nitrogen, amma bai dace a kawo shi daga kaka ba, domin bayan hunturu za a wanke shi da ruwa mai narkewa. Ana kawo shi ne bayan gashin fuka-fukan na farko sun fito a cikin bazara. Yayin da sanyi ya wuce, yana da kyau a ƙara ammonium nitrate don ƙarfafa tushen tsarin da ci gaban shuka. Dandan tafarnuwa, samuwar shugabannin ya dogara da kayan ma’adinai – idan kuna son manyan cloves, kula da taki tare da mahadi na ma’adinai, kuma kuyi daidai. Hakanan al’adun suna buƙatar kwayoyin halitta, yana sanya ƙasa daidai wanda yake jin daɗin shuka tafarnuwa. Amma kada ku ƙara sabon taki: yana sa tsarin hakora ya zama maras kyau kuma maras kyau, kawunan kansu ba sa girma a ƙarƙashin irin wannan tasiri kuma suna ba da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa a fitarwa. Dole ne a juya taki – wanda ya kwanta fiye da shekaru 4 ya dace da ciyar da tafarnuwa. Ruɓaɓɓen abun da ke ciki yana haxa shi da humus kuma ana amfani da shi zuwa wurin.

Zai fi kyau a aiwatar da irin wannan hanya a cikin wannan wuri don masu gabatar da tafarnuwa, da kuma shayar da tafarnuwa tafarnuwa tare da jiko na taki, wanda aka shirya a cikin rabo na 6 zuwa 1. Lokacin da zai yiwu a bar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tafarnuwa hunturu na shekara guda don “hutawa”, hanyar hadi yana sauƙaƙe – a wannan yanayin, ya isa ya tara kilogiram 3 na humus a kowace murabba’in mita, ƙara 200 g na lemun tsami ko dolomite 1 tablespoon na nitrogen da potassium. Tsarin yumbu na ƙasa yana inganta ta hanyar ƙara yashi, kuma abun da ke cikin yashi, bi da bi, yana inganta ta hanyar peat. Ƙasa mai ƙarancin gaske tana wadatar da takin gargajiya tare da ƙari na potassium gishiri da superphosphates. Don murabba’in murabba’in mita 1 – 7 kg na kwayoyin halitta da 15 g na ma’adanai da aka tsara. A lokacin matakan shirye-shiryen, ana buƙatar takin takin mai magani – bayonet na shebur ya kamata ya kai zurfin kusan 20 cm. Kuma tabbatar da barin ƙasa ta daidaita.

Ƙasar da aka shirya da kyau don tafarnuwa na hunturu shine mabuɗin ba kawai ga girbi mai kyau ba, har ma don ƙirƙirar tushen dasa shuki sauran amfanin gona a nan gaba.