Tattara da dasa tafarnuwa tsaba

Tafarnuwa shuka ce ta gama gari wacce ke samuwa a kusan kowane lambu ko lambun lambu. Ana shuka tafarnuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ɗayan shahararrun shine girma daga abin da ake kira kwararan fitila.

Saukowa na wannan nau’in yana da halaye na kansa, yayin da babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin hanya. Babban abu shine la’akari da duk nuances, koyi dokoki da kurakurai na asali lokacin girma tafarnuwa ta wannan hanya.

Menene shi?

Yada tafarnuwa hunturu ya fi sauƙi fiye da tafarnuwa na bazara. Don hanyar girma daga kwararan fitila, ana amfani da tafarnuwa na hunturu. A cikin ci gaba da girma, ana yin kibiyoyi akan shi, wanda, tasowa, daga baya ya buɗe kamar fure. Manyan petals akan kibiya da aka kafa sune kwararan fitila, wato, tsaba na tafarnuwa. Suna kama da ƙananan ƙullun, lambar akan kowane tushe na iya haɗawa da kusan guda ɗari. Kwan fitila – “iska” na gani yayi kama da iri, shine ake amfani dashi a cikin hanyar iri na yadawa da dasa tafarnuwa. Kibiyoyi masu buɗewa guda uku sun isa sosai don samun kusan ɗari ɗaya da rabi don dasa shuki.

Hanyar iri na noma yana da amfani da rashin amfani. Daga cikin fa’idojin akwai:

• kwari ko cututtuka da ke ƙunshe a cikin ƙasa ba su shafar cloves ta kowace hanya;
• zaka iya da sauri haifar da nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in) na iya haifuwa, tun da akwai nau’i-nau’i-nau’i-nau’i-nau’i-nau’i, kwatanta da kan tafarnuwa;
• tafarnuwa da ake nomawa ta wannan hanya tana da karfin garkuwar jiki kuma tana jure cututtuka da kyau.

Amma akwai kuma rashin amfani, wanda babban su shine lokacin girbi. Za ku tattara cikakken adadin ‘ya’yan itatuwa bayan shekaru biyu da shuka, wato, a cikin yanayi na biyu. A lokacin farkon lokacin, ana tattara kwararan fitila guda ɗaya – kwararan fitila daga guda ɗaya, diamita wanda ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 2,5 mm. Kuma ta hanyar dasa hakori guda ɗaya kawai, za ku iya dogara da samun cikakkiyar amfanin gona na kawunan tafarnuwa. Bugu da ƙari, masu lambu sun yi imanin cewa ya fi wuya a shuka kwararan fitila fiye da cloves, tun da girman “iska” yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Yana da matsala don sanya su, lura da alamar saukowa da ake bukata. Hakanan akwai haɗarin cewa tsaba za su daskare a cikin hunturu idan ba a samar da isasshen murfin ba. Don haka, ana iya la’akari da wannan hanyar da ta dace don kiwo da ba kasafai iri ko lokacin da ake buƙatar sabunta kayan iri ba.

Siffofin Tarin

Tun lokacin lokacin ripening na shuka ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan yanayin yanayi, lokacin da ake buƙatar tattara tsaba, an ƙaddara shi daban-daban a kowane yanki. Yana da kyau a mai da hankali kan bayyanar kibiya:

• da farko yana murɗawa a karkace;
• sai ya zama madaidaiciya, wannan shine lokacin ɗaukar iri.

Don samun girbi mai girma mai girma, wajibi ne a cire “iska” a kan tushen gaba ɗaya. An bar su don ƙarin saukarwa, zaku iya kawar da wasu. Dole ne kibiyoyin da aka zaɓa su kasance cikakke ba tare da rasa lokacin ɗauka ba. Kwan fitila da sauri sun faɗi bayan balaga kuma sun zama marasa dacewa don haifuwa.

Matsakaicin adadin tsaba a cikin inflorescence na iya bambanta, daga 20 zuwa 130 guda ana ɗaukar al’ada.

Shiri don shuka

Ranar ƙarshe

Lokacin dasawa kuma muhimmin batu ne; Ana dasa tafarnuwa duka a bazara da kaka, kafin hunturu. Saukowar bazara iri ɗaya ne da kaka, amma akwai bambance-bambance:

• mafi kyawun lokacin saukowa shine farkon Maris, amma sau da yawa ƙasa ba ta yi zafi ba kuma tana da wuyar gaske;
• bayan harbe-harbe ya bayyana, wajibi ne don tsara kulawa mai dacewa – abinci, ruwa, kariya daga kwari, cututtuka;
• don mafi kyawun shirya ƙasa, hanya ta fara a cikin fall, an kafa gadaje, mulched kuma an rufe shi da polyethylene.

Tun da tafarnuwa yana jure sanyi da kyau, ƙasa mai daskarewa a farkon bazara ba zai kashe shuka ba. Ƙasar a wannan lokacin tana da ɗanɗano mai inganci, wanda ke nufin cewa tsaba za su sami tushe sosai, kuma girbi zai yi yawa.

Ana amfani da dasa shuki sau da yawa, mafi kyawun lokacin shine farkon rabin Nuwamba, amma ana la’akari da yanayin yankin. Misali, idan Nuwamba lokacin damina ne a yankinku, yana da kyau a shuka tafarnuwa a baya. Zazzabi na iska zai iya zama wurin tunani, matakin wanda bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa +5 C ba.

Kayan aiki da kayan shuka

Duk da cewa ana aiwatar da tsarin dasa tafarnuwa tare da kwararan fitila a kusan hanyar da sauran kayan lambu, akwai hanyoyin da za a sauƙaƙe tsari da tsari. Alal misali, za ka iya shirya seder tsara don albasa. Yana da kyau don auna nisa tsakanin shuka. A kan sikelin masana’antu, ana amfani da injuna na musamman don dasa shuki, waɗanda ke ba da damar rufe manyan wurare a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Kafin shuka kwararan fitila, wajibi ne a shirya su yadda ya kamata don dasa shuki. Bayan tattarawa, kayan ba a raba su ba, ana yin ajiya gaba ɗaya. Suna buƙatar a nannade su a cikin gauze, wanda aka riga aka jiƙa a cikin maganin manganese kuma ya bushe da kyau. An dakatar da kayan a cikin gauze yayin da yake girma. A wannan lokacin, duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki daga kibiya suna shiga cikin cloves. Kuma kawai lokacin da kara ya bushe, za ku iya fitar da tsaba kuma ku rabu da juna.

Bayan haka, zaku iya ko dai adanawa gaba ko shuka nan da nan. Don shuka, cloves daga 4 zuwa 5 mm fadi sun dace, daga waɗannan ne za su yi girma mai girma-girman hakora. Kar ka manta cewa kana buƙatar a hankali calibrate tsaba, kawar da duk abin da ba shi da lafiya. Ana adana hakora a cikin wuri mai sanyi, ginshiki, cellar, firiji, mafi kyawun zafin jiki daga +2 zuwa + 5 C. Irin wannan taurin zai ƙarfafa rigakafi na kayan.

Kafin dasa kwararan fitila a cikin bazara, yana da kyau a jiƙa su cikin ruwa na tsawon sa’o’i biyu don hanzarta aiwatar da germination. An yi dasa shuki kaka a bushe.

Zaɓin Yanar Gizo

Don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau na kwararan fitila, kuna buƙatar kula da yanayin ƙasa kuma zaɓi wuri mai kyau. Kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne don sarrafa ƙasa, daidaita yankin. Dangane da zaɓin rukunin yanar gizon, kuna buƙatar bin ka’idodi iri ɗaya kamar na sauran hanyoyin girma tafarnuwa:

• An zaɓi wurin har ma, tare da kyakkyawar damar zuwa hasken rana, ba inuwa ba;
• kada a cika ƙasa da ciyawa;
• kasar gona ta fi dacewa sako-sako, nau’in m;
• tun lokacin da aka sabunta nau’ikan da irin wannan nau’in haifuwa, wajibi ne a kula da lafiyar ƙasa;
• za ku iya dasa kwararan fitila lafiya a wuraren da aka yi girma a baya na legumes, tumatir, kowane irin kabeji, koren taki, kabewa;
• ka tuna cewa bayan girma tafarnuwa, albasa, wannan yanki ba za a iya amfani da shi don dasa shuki cloves na akalla 3 yanayi;
• Ana haƙa ƙasa kafin hanya, takin.

Don murabba’in mita ɗaya kuna buƙatar yin:

• 4-6 kilogiram na takin, watakila kadan fiye ko žasa;
• ash ko kashi abinci – 300 gr.

Yadda za a shuka?

Dasa tafarnuwa tare da kwararan fitila yana da halaye na kansa, babban ƙari na wannan hanya shine haɓaka kayan aiki, haɓaka halaye iri-iri da adana tsaba, haɓakar lokacin ajiya na amfanin gona. Kuna iya dasa tafarnuwa ta wannan hanyar duka a kan ƙaramin lambun lambu da kuma a kan babban yanki akan sikelin masana’antu. Bambance-bambancen za su kasance ne kawai ta hanyar fasaha (nau’in iri na hannu ko inji) da farashin lokaci. Yanayin yanayi da mai lambu ya zaɓa shima baya shafar tsarin shuka. Mataki zuwa mataki, wannan hanya ita ce kamar haka:

• na farko, an jera kayan da girman, kuma an kafa ƙungiyoyi da yawa, aƙalla uku;
• matsakaicin adadin kowace murabba’in mita daga 30 zuwa 40 kwararan fitila na mafi girman girman;
• idan girman ya fi girma, to adadin yanki yana ƙaruwa;
• Mafi kyawun zurfin shuka ya bambanta a lokacin shuka – a cikin bazara yana kusan 3.5 cm, a cikin kaka – kusan 10 cm;
• tsawon gadaje na iya zama kowane ba tare da hani ba;
• Ana aika kayan iri zuwa rijiyoyin, wanda aka rufe da wani Layer na humus, to, yana buƙatar zama a hutawa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana girbe amfanin gona ne kawai don kakar na biyu bayan shuka, amma akwai lokuta na musamman lokacin da ‘ya’yan itatuwa suka girma a shekara mai zuwa. An haramta shuka tafarnuwa a cikin yanki ɗaya na tsawon shekaru biyu a jere, kamar yadda ƙwayoyin cuta da naman gwari ke taruwa a can.

Ba dace da girma da ƙasa bayan cucumbers, karas, albasa.

Kulawa

Don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau daga kwararan fitila, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kulawa da kyau. An yarda ba kawai don girma a cikin bude ƙasa ba, har ma a gida. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na agrotechnical waɗanda suka zama dole don samuwar girbi mai kyau.

• Danshi. Seedlings na shuka su ne quite m da wuya ga danshi. Sabili da haka, ana bada shawarar sassauta ƙasa tsakanin layuka akai-akai, da kuma lalata ciyawa. Idan babu ruwan sama, kuna buƙatar moistur ƙasa aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako, amma yana da kyau a ƙara yawan waterings zuwa biyu.
• Ciki. Ana iya dasa hanyoyin dasa shuki ta amfani da haushi ko bambaro mai kyau. Wannan yana ba da damar kiyaye ruwa a cikin ƙasa ya daɗe, kuma yana ceton tsire-tsire, ko kuma tushen tushen su, daga zazzaɓi a buɗe rana. Ana aiwatar da mulching bayan shuka ya kai tsayin aƙalla cm 10. Yana da kyau a samar da Layer 5 cm lokacin farin ciki.
• Samuwar A lokacin rani, kibiyoyi na iya tasowa a kan sprouts, kuna buƙatar yin waƙa da wannan kuma ku karya abubuwan da aka samo kafin tsarin ovary iri. Idan kwararan fitila suna da lokacin yin girma, to, ci gaban tafarnuwa zai ragu, kuma haƙori ɗaya zai zama ɗan ƙaramin girma.
• Taki. Tsire-tsire da aka dasa da kwararan fitila na buƙatar tufafi na sama, a matsakaita shine hanyoyin 2 ko 3 a kowane lokaci na ciyayi. Na farko, ana buƙatar taki tare da abubuwan da ke ɗauke da nitrogen, ana yin takin shuka don ƙara haɓakar kore. Kuna iya amfani da ko dai 10 g na carbamide a kowace lita 5 na ruwa, ko 50 g na maganin zubar da tsuntsu a kowace lita 1,5 na ruwa. Hanyar ciyarwa – shayarwa tsakanin layuka don kada abubuwa su shafi tsire-tsire. A watan Yuli, kuna buƙatar ciyar da mahadi tare da potassium da phosphorus. Don yin wannan, ƙara potassium sulfate (gram 15 a kowace lita 10) da superphosphate (gram 30 a kowace adadin ruwa). Sauya suturar saman ma’adinai na iya jiko ash a cikin adadin gram 200 a kowace guga. Hakanan zaka iya nace fatun ayaba da shayar da ƙasa. Mataki na ƙarshe na hadi yana gudana ne a ƙarshen lokacin rani, lokacin da ƙasa ke ciyar da ƙasa tare da mahadi daban-daban. Dukansu potassium sulfate da potassium nitrate sun dace. Masana sun ba da shawarar gwada wannan hanya: lokacin da ake shukawa, a yi amfani da taki mai rikitarwa a cikin granules a cikin wuraren da ake amfani da su. Ana sayar da ƙira na musamman tare da ƙa’idar aiki mai tsayi. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya takin tafarnuwa kwata-kwata a duk lokacin girma.
• Kariyar cuta. Wannan hanyar girma tafarnuwa yana ba ta kyakkyawan matakin rigakafi, don haka cututtuka da hare-haren kwari ba su da yawa. Amma wani lokacin, a cikin dogon lokacin damp, ya zama dole don fesa tsire-tsire tare da cakuda Bordeaux don hana bayyanar naman gwari.
• Girbi da adana hakora guda ɗaya. Ana yin tonon haƙori guda ɗaya lokacin da kiban suka fara juyawa rawaya. A wannan yanayin, kar a jira har sai ganyen ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Idan mai tushe ya zo cikin yanayin ƙura, amma saiwar zai shiga cikin ƙasa sosai kuma zai yi wuya a tono shi. yana da kyau a riga an girbe amfanin gona mara kyau a bushe a inda ya bushe da sanyi. Dole ne a ɗaure hakora guda ɗaya, an rataye su a cikin wuri mai iska, yayin da zafin jiki bai kamata ya kasance ƙasa da +17 C. Bayan kimanin wata daya, tsire-tsire suna girma kuma za’a iya cire saman. Ana adana hakora guda ɗaya a cikin ginshiƙi, cellar, firiji, kuma a kakar wasa ta gaba ana shuka su don samun girbi mai cikakken ƙarfi.