Ana iya yada inabi a duka bazara da kaka. Koyaya, kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, dashen bazara yana ba da sakamako mafi kyau. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tushe cikin sauƙi, ba sa tsoron sanyi, kuma ana iya girbe amfanin gona na farko a baya fiye da lokacin dasa shuki. Akwai shahararrun hanyoyi da yawa don yada inabi, kowanne yana da nasa abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani – za mu yi magana game da su a cikin bita.
Haihuwa ta hanyar yankan
Hanya mafi sauƙi na yada inabi na lambu shine amfani da yankan. Ana iya girbe su a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen kaka. A cikin shari’ar farko, ana yin wannan kafin farkon ciyayi da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, a cikin na biyu – tare da zuwan lokacin hutu na hunturu.
An yi la’akari da girbi na kaka na dasa shuki, tunda a cikin bazara, ɓangaren harbe ya lalace ta hanyar sanyi.
Kyakkyawan itacen inabi mai ƙarfi ba tare da alamun waje na lalacewa da cuta tare da kauri na 8-10 mm ya dace da grafting. Dole ne a yanke shi cikin shank daban don kiyaye buds 6-8 akan kowane. Idan kun shirya girbi da yawa cuttings a lokaci daya, yana da kyau a adana itacen inabi gaba ɗaya ba tare da yanke shi ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ajiyar hunturu wuraren da aka yanke ya bushe kadan, a cikin bazara dole ne a sabunta su. Sabili da haka, a lokacin gyaran gefuna, tsayin daka ya ragu sosai – kayan na iya zama marasa dacewa kawai don tushen tushe na gaba.
Ana jera abubuwan da ba komai a cikin nau’i, a haɗa su cikin dam kuma a aika don ajiya. Don wannan, ɗakunan da ke da zafi mai zafi da zafin jiki na digiri 2-4 sun dace.
Masu mallakar gidaje masu zaman kansu suna yin shi a cikin ginshiki, yanayin zafi da zafi a can suna kusa da manufa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Bugu da ƙari, akwai isasshen sarari kyauta a cikin filin ƙasa domin a iya sanya dukan kurangar inabin a wurin.
Ana adana abubuwan da ba a ɓoye a cikin fim ɗin filastik; dole ne a samar da ramukan samun iska da yawa a ciki. A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar duba lokaci-lokaci don bincika yanayin seedlings na gaba. Idan kun lura cewa yankan yana bushewa, ya kamata ku yayyafa su da ruwa daga kwalban fesa. Idan matakin zafi a cikin ginshiƙi ya fi na al’ada kuma alamun rot ya bayyana akan su, ya kamata a cire su daga fim ɗin, an cire ɓangarorin da suka lalace kuma a bi da su tare da maganin jan karfe sulfate ko cakuda Bordeaux. Lokacin da babur ya bushe, ana sake nannade su a cikin fim, amma suna ƙoƙarin kada su nade da yawa.
ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masanan tana adana yankan a cikin yashi. A wannan yanayin, ana zubar da yashi na kogin 6-10 mm lokacin farin ciki a kan bene na ƙasa. An ɗan ɗanɗaɗɗen madaidaicin daga sama kuma an sanya ɓangarorin itacen inabi, sannan a sake yayyafa shi da yashi mai yashi. Kula da yankan yana saukowa don kiyaye danshin ƙasa da ake bukata.
Idan ba ku da gidan ƙasa, kuna iya adana ɓangarorin dama akan rukunin yanar gizon. Don yin wannan, suna tono rami mai zurfin 40-60 cm a cikin ƙasa kuma a hankali sanya itacen inabi a ciki. Don kare sanyi, suna rufe saman tare da tudun ƙasa kuma suna kunsa shi da rassan spruce. A cikin wannan nau’i, za’a iya adana yankan har sai bazara ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Kuna iya sanya yankan a cikin firiji. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a raba su zuwa sassa daban-daban, a nannade su a cikin wani zane mai laushi kuma a sanya su cikin jakar filastik tare da ramuka don samun iska. Zai fi kyau a ajiye su a ƙasan shiryayye na firiji ko a cikin kwandon kayan lambu. Wasu lambu suna shafa wuraren da aka yanke yankan tare da filastik ko narke da kakin zuma – wannan hanya tana ba ku damar riƙe danshi har zuwa matsakaicin.
Duk kulawar da ta biyo baya tana zuwa duba lokaci-lokaci na yankan kuma, idan ya cancanta, moisturizing su. A ƙarshen Fabrairu – farkon Maris, an cire ɓangarori daga fim ɗin, an bincika kuma an cire ɓangarorin da suka lalace. Sa’an nan kuma an yanke itacen inabi zuwa sassa daban-daban don ƙananan yanke ya wuce ƙarƙashin ƙananan toho a kusurwar digiri 90, na sama – kamar santimita biyu sama da toho na sama a kusurwar digiri 45.
Kafin rooting, kayan ya kamata a jiƙa, wannan hanya yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2-3. Don yin wannan, ana sanya 2/3 na tsawon blanks a cikin tebur ko ruwan sama tare da shirye-shiryen haɓaka haɓakawa a cikinsa: Kornevin, Epin ko Heteroauxin. Don wannan dalili, zaka iya ɗaukar zuma na fure, an bred a cikin adadin 1 tbsp. l. zuwa guga na ruwa.
Ruwan ruwa zai bayyana a saman marasa lafiya a cikin sa’a ta farko. Idan ba ku lura da su ba ko da bayan kwana ɗaya, to kuna buƙatar sabunta wuraren da aka yanke kuma ku sake aika stalk zuwa maganin gina jiki. Idan saukowa bai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 3 ba, to, kayan bai dace da tushen tushe ba.
Domin cuttings suyi tushe da sauri da sauri, yana da ma’ana don riƙe su furuci. Don yin wannan, bayan jiƙa, an yanke mafi ƙasƙanci koda kuma an yi yankan tsayayyen tsayi da yawa a ƙananan ɓangaren hannun. An lura cewa a cikin waɗannan wurare tushen ya bayyana da sauri.
Ana sanya yankan da aka shirya a cikin rigar yashi kuma ana jiran tushen ya bayyana. Da zaran sun bayyana, zaku iya aika su don girma. Don yin wannan, ana shirya cakuda ƙasa daga ƙasar gandun daji, humus, yashi kogin da peat ƙasa, wanda aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado.
A kasan akwati inda aka shirya saukowa, ya kamata a zubar da yumbu mai fadi ko kowane magudanar ruwa. An cika akwati da cakuda ƙasa ta kashi na uku kuma an sanya yankan a tsakiya. Bayan haka, ya rage kawai don ƙara ƙasa a hankali zuwa saman don mafi girman koda ya kasance sama da matakin ƙasa.
Duk ƙarin kulawa shine watering. Koyaya, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan a nan. Idan ruwa ya yi yawa, saiwar matasa za su fara rubewa. Mafi tasiri zai zama shayarwa a cikin kwanon rufi, kuma ba a ƙarƙashin tushen ba.
A lokacin da rooting yankan innabi, shi ne ko da yaushe mafi alhẽri a karkashin ruwa maimakon fiye-danshi.
An fara daga tsakiyar watan Mayu, ana dasa ɓangarorin da aka kafe a wuri na dindindin. Don kada matashin shuka ya fuskanci damuwa daga canjin zafin jiki, yankan yana buƙatar taurara. Don yin wannan, ana fitar da su zuwa titi kowace rana: na farko na sa’a daya, sannan a hankali ƙara lokacin tazara. Jim kadan kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a bar yankan a waje a cikin yini.
Zai zama da amfani don saba da seedlings zuwa rana mai haske. Don yin wannan, bayan hardening, ana sanya matasa tsire-tsire a cikin wani wuri na rana, a hankali suna ƙara lokacin fallasa hasken ultraviolet. Lokacin da barazanar dawowar sanyi ta ƙare gaba ɗaya, ana sanya tsire-tsire da aka shirya a wuri na dindindin.
Yadda ake kiwo ta hanyar zubar da inabi?
Yawancin bushes ɗin ‘ya’yan itace ana shuka su ta hanyar shimfidawa. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi tono harbe da rassan ƙasa. Tare da madaidaiciyar hanya don bazara ɗaya, zaku iya samun sabbin tsire-tsire da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don nau’ikan da ba su da tushe, da kuma nau’in iri, ana iya amfani da ita don inabi na yarinya na ornamental. A lokaci guda, ana kiyaye abinci mai gina jiki na tsire-tsire masu zuwa daga daji na iyaye, don haka tabbatar da cikakken ci gaba da samuwar tsarin tushen su.
lignified harbi
Ana yin instillation na lignified harbe a cikin Afrilu, kafin farkon kwararar ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. Don wannan, harbe mai ƙarfi na bara, wanda ke kusa da ƙasa, ya dace. A wurin da aka zaɓa, suna tono rami mai zurfin 45 cm daga daji zuwa yankin da kuke shirin tono itacen inabi.
Ana zuba ƙasa a cikin wannan rami, ana ciyar da shi da humus, takin da superphosphate, sannan a sanya harbe a hankali. Kuna buƙatar lanƙwasa shi da dukkan kulawa don kada ku karya shi. A kasan ramin, an gyara shi da waya ko dutse.
Inda aka shirya shuka sabon shuka, ana lanƙwasa itacen inabi, sannan a fito da shi a hankali a gyara shi a cikin tukwane. Bayan haka, dole ne a cire duk buds da idanu da ke kan harbi daga innabi na iyaye zuwa yankin lanƙwasa. Ana yayyafa mahara da ƙasa kuma an jiƙa sosai. Yawancin lokaci, tushen tushe mai ƙarfi yana samuwa a cikin shekara guda, kuma tare da farkon bazara na gaba, za a iya raba tsire-tsire matasa marasa raɗaɗi daga iyaye.
tserewa kore
Idan daji na innabi ya ba da harbe-harbe da yawa, to a watan Yuni ko Yuli za ku iya gwada tono mafi ƙarfi daga cikinsu. Dabarar aikin yana kama da kuma ya haɗa da cire ɓangaren babba na harbi tare da ganye guda biyu. Idan harbin yana da tsayi, zaku iya tono shi azaman sinusoid kuma ku kawo shi saman sau biyu ko fiye. A wannan yanayin, duk wuraren da suka rage a ƙarƙashin ƙasa an gyara su a hankali a cikin rami tare da studs.
A lokacin rooting, yana da mahimmanci kada a bar ƙasa ta bushe. Yarda da fasahar aikin gona yana ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire masu yawa a lokaci ɗaya a farkon kakar girma na gaba.
“Chinese” taps
Sunan “Sinanci” an ba da shi ga shimfidawa, wanda aka samo asali ne saboda cikakken shimfidar harbe-harbe a cikin substrate. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don shuka nau’ikan da ba su da ƙarfi. A wannan yanayin, a farkon lokacin bazara, ana zaɓar harbe mafi tsayi da ke girma a gindin itacen inabi, kuma an haƙa shi tare da tsayinsa duka a cikin rami zuwa zurfin 20-25 cm.
Daga sama, ana yayyafa kayan dasa tare da mai laushi mai laushi kuma an ɗora su sau da yawa. Ba a rufe rami gaba daya da ƙasa, amma tare da Layer na 5-6 cm. Lokacin da buds suka bayyana akan rassan kuma harbe suka fara girma daga gare su, zaku iya ƙara ƙasa kaɗan zuwa rami.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, harbe za su yi girma a cikin duk buds da aka binne. A wannan yanayin, a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na watan Agusta – farkon Satumba, ana haƙa itacen inabi a hankali kuma a yanka a cikin ƙananan tsire-tsire masu yawa – ana iya dasa su a kan wani wuri na dindindin. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, a lokacin lokacin rani, zai zama dole don cire ba kawai karin bunches ba, har ma matasa harbe da dukan ‘ya’yan uwa. Wannan zai rage kaya a kan babban daji, amma a lokaci guda rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yadda ake yin rigakafi?
ƙwararrun ƙwararrun manoma suna amfani da grafting don kiwon amfanin gona. Ana iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, yayin da ya halatta a yi amfani da yankan da aka shirya daga ƙananan harbe na kakar yanzu, da kuma na bara. Dangane da wannan, ana amfani da kalmomi daban-daban: “black to green”, “black to black”, “kore zuwa baki”.
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da yankan da aka shirya a cikin fall kuma an adana su a cikin ginshiki a matsayin scion.
Irin wannan rigakafin zai yi tasiri idan buds a kan rassan sun riga sun kumbura. Lokacin yin aiki, ana zaɓar yankan ta yadda girmansu ya dace da harbin tushen tushen. Bayan haka, aikin aikin yana jiƙa a cikin ruwa na tsawon sa’o’i 3-5 kuma an kafa sassan da ba daidai ba akan hannu da hannun jari, sannan an haɗa yankin grafting kuma an daidaita shi sosai.
Grafting “baƙar fata zuwa kore” ya haɗa da yin amfani da ɓangarorin shekaru biyu tare da buds masu tasowa. An grafted uwa karfi kore harbe na wannan shekara. Ana yin wannan grafting ta amfani da dabarar “raga”, ana iya yin aikin a duk lokacin girma.
Koda grafting ake yi a watan Yuni / Yuli, ko da yaushe a kan kore itacen inabi. Ya ƙunshi dasa koda a cikin tushen tushen ta amfani da incisions na tsayi ko T. An nannade wurin grafting da filastik, kuma bayan watanni za a kafa shi da kyau.
Yadda ake girma daga iri?
Hanyar iri na yaduwa na inabi yana da tsayi sosai, girbi na farko zai jira shekaru da yawa. Yawancin lokaci, masana kimiyya suna amfani da wannan hanyar don haɓaka sabbin iri. A cikin gidajen rani, ba a buƙata ba.
Yawancin lokaci, ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 2 cm, a kan yashi mai yashi – 4 cm. Na farko harbe bayyana bayan daya da rabi zuwa makonni biyu, a wannan lokacin da akwati tare da matasa sprouts ya kamata a sanya a kan wani haske windowsill, kare daga zayyana. A wannan mataki, seedlings suna buƙatar akalla sa’o’i 15 na haske a kowace rana, don haka ya kamata a yi amfani da hasken baya idan ya cancanta.
Zai zama da amfani don ciyawa ƙasa tare da perlite. Wannan zai hana ci gaban kafa na baki. Da zaran zafi ya zo – ana iya dasa bushes matasa a cikin kwantena masu yawa ko bude ƙasa.
Duk da irin sarkakiyar da ake gani. duk mutumin da ya san ka’idojin kula da ‘ya’yan itace da amfanin gona na Berry zai iya yada inabi. Duk da cewa lambun inabi liana ne, ta…
