Jersey irin shanu

Daga cikin nau’ikan shanu, babu nau’ikan nau’ikan da zasu hada da yawa da kuma yanayin da ba a yarda da tsare ba. Amma har yanzu saniyar Jersey tana ɗaya daga cikinsu. Bugu da ƙari, idan har kwanan nan, masu shayarwa na gida sun yi watsi da irin waɗannan shanu, a yau shahararsa yana ci gaba da girma, kuma adadin dabbobi a gonakin Rasha yana karuwa.

Jersey saniya

Halayen irin

Wannan nau’in shanu ya sami karbuwa sosai a duniya. Bugu da ƙari, don yawan yawan nono, ana kiran saniya sau da yawa da wasa “kananan kiwo”. Amma ban da wannan siga, ana bambanta dabbar da sauran nau’ikan dabbobi da wasu siffofi masu yawa.

Asalin

Har ya zuwa yau, babu wani takamaiman bayani game da lokacin da ainihin nau’in shanun Jersey ya bayyana da kuma irin nau’in da aka yi amfani da su wajen kiwo. Amma an san tabbas cewa wurin haifuwar wannan nau’in jinsin shine tsibirin Jersey, wanda ke cikin Burtaniya kuma yana cikin tashar Ingilishi. Ɗaya daga cikin fa’idodinsa shine faffadan ciyayi masu albarkar ciyayi, inda a koda yaushe kiwo ya bunƙasa.

Jama’ar gari ne suka kirkiri saniyar Jersey da gangan. A lokaci guda, babban burin shi ne ƙara yawan kitsen madarar dabbobi. A cewar masana kimiyya da yawa, irin waɗannan shanun sun dogara ne akan nau’ikan shanun Norman, waɗanda aka haɗa su da wasu nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan. A sakamakon haka, kayan kiwo na sabon saniya sun kasance masu daraja sosai, wanda a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX, don ware yiwuwar ƙetare da asarar halayen madara, an zartar da wata doka da ta haramta shigo da kowane shanu zuwa kasashen waje. tsibirin.

A cikin 1866, wata ƙungiyar kiwon shanu ta Jersey ta ƙirƙiri littafin karatu don nau’in, ta haka ne aka kafa shi a matsayin hukuma. Kuma a shekara ta 1872, manufofin game da tsibirin sun canza, kuma hukumomi sun ba da izini don cire saniya na Jersey daga tsibirin da kuma fitar da ita. Nan da nan masu kiwo daga Amurka, Kanada, Ostiraliya, da Faransa suka sami ƙananan dabbobi.

Manoman Rasha kuma sun sayi kwafi da yawa. Gaskiya ne, dabbar ba ta sami buƙatu da yawa ba. An riga an gwada ƙoƙarin sake haɓaka nau’in a zamanin USSR. Amma kuma ya ƙare da gazawa, yayin da manoma suka fi mai da hankali kan nau’ikan nau’ikan duniya, waɗanda, baya ga yawan nonon nono, kuma zai iya baiwa mazauna yankin nama mai yawa.

A yau, ana kiwo irin waɗannan shanu a yawancin ƙasashen Turai, da kuma Arewacin Amurka, Afirka, Australia, New Zealand da sauran sassan duniya.

Bayyanar

Shanun kiwo na Jersey kuma suna da yanayin da ya dace. Sun kasance m. A matsakaici, wakilin iri-iri a bushewa ya kai 1,2-1,3 m. A lokaci guda, nauyin saniya, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 400 kg ba. Bijimai a cikin girman su suna kewaye da mata kuma suna iya kaiwa 700 kg. Yawan tsoka a cikin shanun Jersey ba shi da kyau sosai.

Jersey Bull

Launin shanu na wannan nau’in ya fi sau da yawa ja. Amma mutane masu launin ruwan kasa masu duhu kuma ba bakon abu ba ne. Dangane da fasalin tsarin mulkin, sun hada da:

• jiki yana da ɗan kusurwa, tare da mai lanƙwasa baya da maƙarƙashiya;
• gabobi suna elongated da siriri;
• wuyansa yana da bakin ciki kuma yana da tsayi tare da fata mai wrinkled;
• kai karami ne, an bambanta shi da kunkuntar goshi da ƙananan ƙaho (a wasu lokuta, rashin su gaba ɗaya);
• sashin thoracic yana da kunkuntar kuma maras kyau;
• an ɗaga bayan jiki kaɗan;
• wutsiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kai ga haɗin gwiwa gwiwa.

Kamar sauran nau’ikan kiwo, nono na saniya na Jersey yana da haɓaka sosai kuma yana da siffar kofi.

Yawan aiki

Babban manufar kiwon shanun Jersey shine don samar da madara mai girma da yawa. Nauyin shine 100% kiwo. Jikinta gaba daya yana da siffa ta yadda babban bangaren sinadirai da kuzarin da ake samu yana kashewa ne wajen samar da madara, ba don ci gaban tsokar tsoka ba.

Yawan nono na kowace rana na saniya ɗaya na wannan layin irin na iya kaiwa har zuwa lita 32. A lokaci guda, yawan amfanin dabba na shekara-shekara shine aƙalla kilogiram dubu 4 na madara. Idan kun tsara abincin daidai kuma ku daidaita shi cikin sharuddan abubuwan gina jiki, bitamin da ma’adanai, zai yuwu ku isa matakin 10-11 dubu kg.

Wani fa’ida mara ƙarancin mahimmanci fiye da haɓakar nono mai ban sha’awa shine ingancin madarar kanta. Fat ɗin abun ciki na samfurin a cikin wannan nau’in ya bambanta daga 5% zuwa 8% (dangane da abinci). Bugu da ƙari, yana da ɗanɗano da ƙanshi mai daɗi kuma ya dace da samar da cuku mai kyau da man shanu. Ba abin mamaki ba ne irin waɗannan samfuran daga tsibirin Jersey suna da daraja sosai a cikin Ingila.

Yawan nonon saniya guda na kowace rana zai iya kaiwa lita 32

Amma game da yawan nama na nau’in, babu abin da za a ce game da shi. Girman dabbobin suna da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma yawan amfanin nama daga gawa shine kawai 40%. Saboda haka, kiwo da kiwo na irin waɗannan dabbobi don naman sa ba ya tabbatar da saka hannun jari.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Kamar kowane nau’in shanu, layin jinsin Jersey yana ba da halaye masu yawa waɗanda suka sanya shi shahara a duk faɗin duniya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• babban abun ciki na mai, da furotin da calcium a cikin madara, wanda ke ƙara yawan kimarsa da amfaninsa;
• in mun gwada da ƙara yawan samar da madara;
• babban juriya ga cututtuka na nono da cututtuka na shanu;
• saurin daidaitawa zuwa sabon yanayin yanayi;
• ƙaƙƙarfan kofato masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke kare gaɓoɓin daga rauni da lalacewa;
• haihuwa yana faruwa a cikin sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ba tare da rikitarwa ba, wanda tsarin mulki ya daidaita;
• nauyi mai nauyi yana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin abinci don kula da aikin yau da kullun na jiki;
• unpretentiousness ga yanayin tsare da ciyarwa.

Magana. Irin waɗannan shanu suna taka-tsantsan sosai game da makiyaya, ba tare da tattake ciyayi a kai ba. Dabbar tana kwance ne kawai a cikin wuraren da aka riga an cinye ciyawa.

Amma, kwatanta nau’in, da dama daga cikin gazawarsa ya kamata a haskaka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• mafi ƙarancin yawan nama;
• maimakon tsananin tsoron dabba, wanda saniya ba za ta iya amfani da mai ita ba, mai shayarwa da sabon yanayin rayuwa na dogon lokaci;
• wani curvature na baya gabobin.

Shanu suna da ɗan karkata gaɓoɓin baya

Kiwo da kulawa

Nau’in shanu na Jersey ba shi da wahala ga yanayin ciyarwa da kiyayewa. Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun saba da kiwo a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, a lokacin rani, garken yana iya yin kiwo a cikin makiyaya duk tsawon yini. A lokaci guda kuma, yana da mahimmanci a ba shi damar samun ruwa mai tsabta kyauta.

Dabbobin cikin nutsuwa yana jure sanyi sanyi a cikin sito daidaitaccen. A lokaci guda, abubuwan da ake buƙata don shi sune na yau da kullun:

• samun iska mai inganci;
• cikakken haske na halitta da lantarki;
• rashin zane;
• na yau da kullum tsaftacewa na rumfuna.

Dangane da tsarin zafin jiki, shanun Jersey suna jure wa matsanancin zafi da tsananin sanyi. Irin waɗannan yanayi ba su shafi lafiyar mutane musamman ba. Zai fi dacewa don ciyar da dabbobi a cikin hunturu tare da hay mai inganci. A matsayin kari, mai da hankali, abinci mai gina jiki, bambaro da tushen amfanin gona sun dace.

Iyakar abin da ke da mahimmanci a kiyaye lokacin kiwon shanu na Jersey shine wurin da gonar ke nesa da abubuwa masu hayaniya (birane, filayen jirgin sama, sansanonin soja). Sautunan ƙaƙƙarfan sauti na iya tsoratar da dabbobi sosai, wanda zai ƙara yin tasiri ga yawan aiki.

Sanin Jersey ya balaga yana da kimanin shekaru biyu. A wannan lokacin rayuwa, dabbar ta riga ta kasance cikakke ta jiki kuma tana shirye don haihuwar zuriya. Yin kiwo a cikin shanu na wannan nau’in, idan babu matsalolin kiwon lafiya, yana da sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga mutum.

Nauyin maraƙi a lokacin haihuwa shine 20-23 kg. An haifi jarirai masu rauni da rauni, don haka suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga mai shi. Abu na farko da za a yi nan da nan bayan an haifi ɗan maraƙi shi ne a shafa shi da bambaro a haɗa shi da nono. Akwai ƙananan colostrum a cikin saniya, don haka wajibi ne don kammala ƙayyadaddun hanya a cikin 1 hour. Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci ga lafiyar jaririn nan gaba.

A cikin makonnin farko na rayuwa, ana ciyar da zuriyar ne kawai akan madarar saniya. Tun daga watan farko, lokacin da tsarin narkewar jaririn ya riga ya kasance ko žasa, za a iya shigar da karas da sauran kayan lambu a cikin abinci sosai. Sai da shekaru da watanni biyu, matasa dabbobi za a iya saki zuwa makiyaya.

Karas don ciyar da dabbobi matasa

Ita kanta saniya bayan haihuwa a cikin kwanaki 20 na farko ana ba da abinci ne kawai a hade. Ganye da kayan lambu an cire su daga abinci. Kuna iya shayar da dabba ba fiye da sau 2-3 a rana tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwa, wanda aka tafasa da sanyaya kafin yin hidima.

Hankali! A cikin watannin farko na rayuwar jariri, lokacin da ya riga ya fita kiwo, ya zama dole a iyakance yawan ruwan da yake sha. Adadin ruwan yau da kullun kada ya wuce lita 3. In ba haka ba, matsalolin narkewar abinci na iya tasowa.

Don haka, saniya ta Jersey tana ba da cikakken sunan ta kuma ana ɗaukarta ɗayan mafi kyawun kiwo a duk faɗin duniya. Amma kiwo da kula da wannan nau’in dabbobi ya kunshi muhimman abubuwa da dama da ya kamata a yi nazari dalla-dalla kafin sayen dabbobi. In ba haka ba, sakamakon irin wannan kamfani na iya zama akasin waɗanda ake tsammani.