Dasa shuki tumatir a cikin greenhouse a matsayin garanti na yawan amfanin ƙasa

Tumatir na daya daga cikin amfanin gona da aka fi sani da kuma fi so ga masu noman kayan lambu. Wannan tsire-tsire mai son zafi, wanda ƙasarsa ita ce Amurka, na iya girma a cikin gadaje a cikin yanayin yanayi, amma yana ba da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai kariya. Wadatar amfanin gonar tumatir ya dogara ne akan daidaitaccen dasa shuki tumatir a cikin greenhouse, lokacin dasa shuki da abun da ke cikin ƙasa.

Ribobi da rashin amfani da dasa shuki seedlings a cikin greenhouse

Noman tumatir tumatir a cikin greenhouses yana ba ku damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa (tare da kulawa mai kyau, har zuwa 30-50% mafi girma fiye da ƙasa marar karewa). A cikin yanayi mai zafi, girbin amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse yana faruwa wata daya kafin a cikin gadaje, amma kowace hanya tana da ribobi da fursunoni.

A tabbatacce al’amurran da girma tumatir seedlings a cikin wani greenhouse.

1. Yiwuwar daidaita yanayin zafi. Ana cire sanyi da ke haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
2. Ikon yin amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu don sarrafa kwari, aikin wanda a cikin iska mai tsabta yana iyakance saboda yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
3. Sarrafa kan ruwa, gas da tsarin abinci.
4. Ikon amfani da ƙasa mai dacewa.
5. Samun amfanin gona da yawa a kowace kakar a cikin greenhouses masu zafi.

Rashin amfani da hanyar greenhouse.

1. Babban haɗarin lalacewar tumatir da cututtuka da kwari. Babban cunkoso na bushes, zafi mai zafi, da rashin kwari masu yaƙar kwari suna haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona.
2. Ƙarin zuba jari. Hatta matsugunin fim da baka ba su da arha sosai. Babban greenhouses tare da dumama yana buƙatar ƙarin saka hannun jari. A sakamakon haka, farashin girbi yana ƙaruwa.
3. A cikin zafi na greenhouse yana da zafi sosai.

Mafi kyawun nau’in tumatir don greenhouse

Samun girbi mai yawa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da zaɓin da ya dace na nau’in tumatir.

Dukansu marasa girma (mai tabbatarwa) da tsayi (marasa iyaka) amfanin gona sun dace da girma a cikin greenhouses. Hybrids sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau, saboda suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka da matsanancin zafin jiki.

Shahararrun nau’ikan tantancewa waɗanda masu shuka kayan lambu ke ƙauna:

• hadari – matasan, tsakiyar farkon, zagaye mai haske ja ‘ya’yan itatuwa, 70-90;
• jariri – ƙananan matasan (50-80 cm), ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu launin ja – 60-70 g. Haɓaka har zuwa kilogiram 3 a kowace shuka a cikin greenhouses waɗanda ba su da zafi;
• Blagovest nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in tsiro ne, tare da jajayen ‘ya’yan itace masu cikakken launi suna auna 100-110 g. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 5-6 kg kowace shuka.

Mafi kyawun nau’ikan marasa iyaka waɗanda ke ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai kariya.

• Zuciyar bijimin – matsakaiciyar girma, nauyin ‘ya’yan itace kimanin 400 g, ruwan hoda mai duhu, jiki, mai siffar zuciya. Daga daji 1 zaka iya samun kilogiram 4-6 na tumatir;
• cosmonaut Volkov – tsakiyar kakar, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna ja, babba, matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 5 kg a kowace daji, amma zai iya kaiwa 20 kg;
• black iceberg shine matasan. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne ja ja, game da 80 g, haske sosai. Yawan aiki shine 3-3.5 kg kowace shuka.

Dasa lokacin dasa tumatir seedlings a cikin greenhouse

A cikin noman kayan lambu, akwai shugabanci da ake kira noman biodynamic.

Ya dogara ne akan ka’idar cewa Duniya da sararin samaniya tsari ne guda daya wanda komai ya hade. Duk taurari suna shafar tsarin halittun duniya ko kaɗan.

Babban abin da ke cikin wannan tsarin shine Rana. Wata shine na biyu a mahimmanci. Yana shafar rayuwa da ci gaban tsire-tsire ta hanyar yanayin ruwa. Duniyar ita ce ke da alhakin ɓarna da gudana a cikin ruwa da kuma motsin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace a cikin tsire-tsire. Yawancin lambu suna aiki a cikin lambun daidai da matakan wata.

Bisa ga wannan koyarwar, shuka tsaba ya kamata a gudanar da shi kwanaki 2-3 kafin cikar wata, tun da yake a wannan lokacin ana samun ci gaba mai yawa, kuma tsaba suna girma da sauri.

Kashi na farko na rubu’in wata yana da kyau ga ci gaban tushen. A wannan lokacin, yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire don su yi girma da sauri. Idan ta lokacin saukowa a cikin wuri na dindindin tushen suna da kyau, kuma tushen bai isa ya ci gaba ba, to, an ƙaddara sprouts don wuri na dindindin a lokacin girma wata.

A cikin yanayin zafi, ana dasa shuki a cikin greenhouses ba tare da dumama daga Mayu 3 zuwa Mayu 10. A lokacin dasawa zuwa wuri na dindindin, tumatir ya kamata ya kai tsayin 25-35 cm kuma yana da daga 7 zuwa 12 ganye. Idan ba a yi zafi a cikin greenhouse ba, yana da kyau a rufe shi da fim biyu na fim tare da nisa tsakanin yadudduka na 2-3 cm. Matashin iska zai kare kullun daga sanyi mai yuwuwa, yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki a ciki da digiri 2-3. Bayan Yuni 5, an cire Layer na 2 na fim.

Ridges sun fi dacewa a layi daya zuwa gefen tsayi na greenhouse tare da tsawo na 35-40 cm. Nisa daga cikin gadaje shine 60-90 cm, tazarar jeri aƙalla 60 cm. Kada a sami sanyi a lokacin saukar jirgin. Ƙasa a cikin greenhouse ya kamata a kalla 12-15 ° C.

Ana shirya ƙasa a cikin greenhouse don dasa shuki tumatir

Babban rashin lahani na ƙasan greenhouse shine cewa yana da sauri ya ƙare. Wajibi ne a canza ƙasar aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 5.

Don tumatir, shirye-shiryen ƙasa yana farawa a cikin fall. Ƙarƙashin gadaje an yi shi tare da shinge na sawdust, allura ko bambaro 10 cm lokacin farin ciki don ƙarin ɗumamar yankin. A sama sanya Layer na takin kauri iri ɗaya. Ana zuba ƙasa mai tsayi mai tsayi cm 20 a saman. An zaɓi ƙasa soddy ko humus don shuka tumatir.

Ana amfani da takin mai zuwa a ƙasa don tono a cikin ƙimar 1 m²:

• potassium sulfate 1 tbsp. l.;
• superphosphate biyu granulated 3 tbsp. l.;
• potassium magnesia 1 tbsp. l.;
• itace ash kofuna 1,5;
• carbamide ko sodium nitrate 1 tsp.

Ana ƙara ƙarin buckets 0,5 na yashi mai laushi a cikin peat substrate da guga na humus, ƙasa soddy da sawdust a kowace 1 m.². A cikin yumbu ko ƙasa mai laushi ƙara 1 guga na sawdust, peat da humus a kowace murabba’in mita.

A cikin bazara, dole ne a shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki, “dumi”. Don yin wannan, ana aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa.

1. Shayar da gadaje da ruwa mai zafi (60ºC), amma ba ruwan zãfi ba.
2. Ba da gudummawar biofuel: taki ko wasu kwayoyin halitta 20-25% na jimlar yawan ƙasa. Dole ne a yi amfani da sabon taki watanni 1,5 kafin dasa tumatir.

Ana aiwatar da disinfection na ƙasa sau 2 a shekara. A cikin bazara kafin dasawa da kuma a cikin kaka bayan girbi. Don waɗannan dalilai, yi amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux, gari dolomite ko jan karfe sulfate.

Marubucin bidiyon ya ba da shawarwari akan lokacin da ya fi kyau shuka seedlings a cikin greenhouse, dangane da yankin, yadda za a shirya ƙasa.

Dasa shuki tumatir tumatir a wuri na dindindin

Tsarin dasa tumatir a cikin lambun ya dogara da zabin iri-iri, tsayi da yada daji.

• daidaitattun shuke-shuke masu kayyadewa suna dasa 20 cm baya. Tsawon layi ya kamata ya zama 45-50 cm;
• nau’ikan da ba su da girma da wuri, waɗanda aka kafa a cikin masu tushe na 2-3, ana yin su a nesa na 35-40 cm daga juna. Nisa tsakanin layuka 50-55 cm;
• ana dasa tsire-tsire na nau’ikan da ba a tantance su ba a cikin tsarin checkerboard. Nisa tsakanin bushes 55-60 cm, tsakanin layuka 75-80 cm.

Don dasa shuki sprouts a cikin greenhouse, zaɓi dumi, amma ba zafi sosai ba. Ana yin ramuka a cikin ƙasa mai zurfin cm 15 kuma an zubar da su tare da bayani na potassium permanganate (1 g a kowace lita 10 na ruwa) a zazzabi na 50-60ºC a ƙimar lita 1 a kowace rami. Bayan minti 5, ana dasa sprouts a cikin rijiyoyin.

Rabin sa’a kafin dasa shuki, seedlings dole ne a shayar da su sosai. Ana dasa shuki don inflorescences suna fuskantar kudu, kuma idan wasu tsire-tsire suka rufe su a gefen kudu, to yakamata a karkatar da furanni zuwa hanyar.

Kwanaki 5-6 bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a zubar da tumatir da yawa tare da ruwan dumi kuma a hankali sassauta ƙasa. A lokaci guda tare da dasa shuki na sprouts, ana shigar da tallafi, wanda daga baya za a ɗaure tsire-tsire.

Don girma tumatir a cikin greenhouse, mafi kyawun zafin rana ya zama 21-25ºC, da dare 16-19ºC, zafi 60-65%. Dole ne a sami iska a koyaushe, musamman a lokacin furanni, don ingantaccen pollination. Don wannan dalili, tsire-tsire suna girgiza sosai.

A lokacin girma, tumatur yana yin miya mai tushe 3.

1. Makonni 3 bayan dasawa sprouts a cikin greenhouse. A cikin lita 10 na ruwa, ƙara rabin lita na mullein ruwa da 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska. Shayar a cikin adadin 1 lita na tumatir.
2. Ana yin na biyu a cikin wani mako da rabi. 1 st. l. hadadden taki da 1 tsp. potassium sulfate an diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. A karkashin 1 shuka zuba 1 lita na ruwa.
3. Na uku an shirya kwanaki 14-16 bayan ciyarwa ta biyu. 2 tsp. l. itace ash da 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate an diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Zuba lita 1,5-2 a ƙarƙashin daji.

Girman tumatir a cikin yanayi mai zafi tare da gajeren lokacin rani da sanyi akai-akai ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba har ma ga ƙwararrun masu shuka kayan lambu. Dasa tsire-tsire na tumatir a cikin greenhouse yana ba da damar yin noman wannan mashahuriyar shuka a yankin noma mai haɗari da kuma a arewacin latitudes. Girma a cikin yanki mai kariya yana ba da damar ko da masu farawa don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa, idan sun bi ka’idodin kulawa da shuka.