A cikin nau’i-nau’i iri-iri da nau’in tumatir da aka ba da su, yana da sauƙi don rikicewa ba kawai don mafari ba, har ma ga ƙwararrun kayan lambu. Kowane mutum yana son samun girbi da wuri da wuri kuma ya tsawaita lokacin girma muddin zai yiwu. Don haka, an ƙirƙiri nau’ikan lokutan girma daban-daban da ƙimar girma.
Domin samun cikakken amfani da cikakken damar iri-iri, ya zama dole a aiwatar da matakan da ake buƙata na agrotechnical a daidai lokacin kowane mataki na ci gaban shuka. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci shine ƙayyade lokacin shuka tumatir don seedlings.
Abin da ke shafar lokacin shuka tsaba na tumatir da girma seedlings
Noman tumatir don seedlings yana da tasiri sosai da abubuwa da yawa:
- zafin iska;
- haske;
- zafi;
- amfanin ƙasa;
- iri-iri fasali.
Dole ne a yi la’akari da waɗannan abubuwan lokacin da aka ƙayyade lokacin shuka iri, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da tasirin su, idan ya cancanta, don daidaita ƙarfin girma na seedling. Don haka, raguwar kwarara da zafin jiki zai rage girman girma. Tufafin saman, yawan zafin jiki da hasken rana (hasken wucin gadi na seedlings) – zai haɓaka haɓakarsa.
Idan ana iya rinjayar yawan ci gaban shuka ta wata hanya, to, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa galibi yana ƙayyade yanayin yanayin yankin da yanayin yanayi a cikin shekarar da muke ciki.
Lokacin shuka tumatir don seedlings a cikin bazara
Shawarwari na masana’anta
Dangane da halaye iri-iri na tumatir, masana’antun suna nuna kwanakin shuka da aka ba da shawarar. Yawancin lokaci suna da tsayi sosai, an tsara su don yankuna daban-daban kuma suna ba masu shuka ‘yancin zaɓi. Bugu da ƙari, fakitin suna nuna kwanakin karewa na tsaba.
Bisa kalandar wata
An dade ana nazarin tasirin yanayin wata a kan tafiyar matakai a cikin yanayi, kuma wannan tasirin yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tafiyar matakai daban-daban a cikin tantanin halitta mai rai. Wasu suna ganin wannan tasirin ba shi da mahimmanci, ba ya shafar amfanin gona ta kowace hanya.
Duk da haka, a kowace shekara masana taurari suna ba da shawarar mafi kyawun kwanakin don ayyukan noma, kuma kowane mai lambu ya yanke shawarar bi su ko a’a.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka iri shine girma wata ko farkon matakai na biyu da na huɗu. Seedlings za su kasance abokantaka, kuma sprouts za su kasance lafiya. Kada ku shuka a kan cikakken wata da kuma a cikin lokaci na raguwar wata.
Dangane da yankin
Lokacin da ya dace don dasa shuki a yankunan kudu yana da kisa ga na arewa. Abin da ya sa lokacin shuka tsaba don seedlings shima ya bambanta ta yanki:
- kudancin – shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Fabrairu / rabi na farko na Maris;
- tsakiya – rabi na biyu na Maris / farkon Afrilu;
- arewa – farkon rabin Afrilu.
Ba shi da daraja yin gaggawa don shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa. Zazzabi na ƙasa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 10ºC, iska – 15ºC.
A hankali! A karkashin yanayin ƙananan yanayin zafi, yawan rayuwa yana kara tsanantawa, tsarin ilimin lissafi yana raguwa, akwai haɗarin cututtuka masu tasowa, zubar da furanni da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa a nan gaba.
Sharuɗɗa da kwanan watan shuka tsaba: muna lissafta daidai
Don ƙayyade lokacin shuka iri daidai, kuna buƙatar sanin halaye iri-iri da wurin da za a dasa shi:
- Don greenhouses na hunturu mai zafi, ana iya girma seedlings a watan Disamba, saboda sanin lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, kuma bisa ga shi, za ku iya fara dasa shuki ba tare da tsoron tasirin yanayin yanayi ba.
- Don greenhouses na bazara, dole ne a yi hasashen cewa za a iya jinkirta bazara.
- Don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, wajibi ne ba kawai don jira mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ƙasa da iska ba, har ma don la’akari da barazanar sanyi a cikin bazara.
Hanyar lissafin gabaɗaya na iya zama kamar haka: dangane da dogon lokacin lura, mun ƙayyade ranar da ake sa ran dasa shuki, cire daga gare ta mafi kyawun shekarun seedlings (kwanaki 55-65) da sauran kwanaki 5-7 lokacin girma seedlings ta hanyar girma. karba. A sakamakon lissafin, mun sami kalmar shuka iri. Ana iya yin gyare-gyaren dangane da lokacin girma na wani iri-iri.
Nasiha! Ko da lissafin kwanan watan shuka ya yi kama da daidai, shuka tsaba a cikin batches da aka raba kwanaki kaɗan. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kauce wa kuskure mai tsanani a cikin al’amuran da ba a sani ba.
Bidiyo ya nuna yadda ake shuka tumatir don seedlings a cikin akwatunan katako.
Ana shirya tsaba don dasa shuki
Don girma mai kyau seedlings daga tsaba, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da maganin shuka kafin shuka:
- calibration a cikin wani bayani na 1 tsp. gishiri a cikin 180 ml na ruwa;
- hardening: canji na sanyi da ƙananan yanayin zafi (da dare – ƙasa da 5 ° C, lokacin rana – zafin jiki) ko kiyayewa a zazzabi na -3 ° C;
- dumama akan baturi na kwanaki da yawa;
- disinfection tare da bayani na potassium permanganate 1%.
Idan yanayin tsaba yana cikin shakka ko kuma ba a san rayuwar rayuwar su ba, an riga an shuka tsaba.
Don germination, ana shayar da tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 12, yayin canza ruwa sau 2-3. Ana shimfiɗa tsaba da aka jiƙa a kan adibas kuma a ajiye su a zafin jiki na akalla 20 ° C har sai tsaba sun fara tofawa. A lokaci guda kuma, ana ci gaba da ɗanɗano napkins.
Masu kera na musamman suna sayar da tsaba waɗanda ke shirye gaba ɗaya don shuka, waɗanda ba sa buƙatar tsiro. Abin da ya rage shi ne shirya ƙasa ko siyan cakuda seedling da aka shirya da ke cike da cikakken kewayon abubuwan gina jiki.
Seeding na tumatir tsaba
Ana gudanar da shuka iri a cikin kwantena daban-daban, girman wanda aka zaba dangane da ko an shirya tsiron don nutsewa, ko kuma za su yi girma a ciki kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Waɗannan na iya zama jakunkuna na filastik, kofuna, jakunkuna, kwalaye daban-daban, tukwanen peat da allunan, kaset ɗin saƙar zuma.
Idan tsire-tsire bai kamata su nutse ba, ana shuka iri ɗaya a tsakiyar kofin, girmansa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 8 × 8 cm. Dole ne a jika allunan peat cikin ruwa kafin shuka.
Babban abu shine kada kuyi girma da tsire-tsire, saboda wannan, lokacin shuka a cikin kwalaye da kwantena, nisa tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama kusan 5 cm, kuma tsakanin tsaba 1.5-2.0 cm. Ana zurfafa tsaba da 1.0-1.5 cm. Ya dace don amfani da kaset na musamman waɗanda ke ba da mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin seedlings.
Ana shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai laushi kuma an rufe shi da fim mai haske ko gilashi don haifar da tasirin greenhouse.
Shawarwari don zaɓin tsaba
Wajibi ne don zaɓar tsaba don shuka, bisa ga buƙatu, manufa, wuraren da ake da su da matsuguni. Halayen iri-iri suna ƙayyade dandano, launi, siffar da girman ‘ya’yan itatuwa, lokaci na ripening, da siffar da girman shuke-shuke da kansu.
- Don yin amfani da mafi inganci na yankin greenhouse, ya zama dole don ba da fifiko ga tsayi, nau’ikan da ba su da tabbas na tsakiyar kakar ko ƙarshen ripening. Suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna ɗaure tare da dukan tsayin greenhouse, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi girma fiye da na tumatir marasa girma. Ana iya samun girbi har zuwa kaka, a cikin greenhouses mai zafi har zuwa Nuwamba.
- Don samun girbi da wuri, kuna buƙatar shuka determinant, iri marasa girma. A gare su, zaka iya amfani da ƙananan wurare na greenhouse, inda mutane masu tsayi ba za su ji dadi ba.
- A cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, yana da kyau a yi girma da wuri da tsakiyar kakar nau’in tumatir don samun lokaci don samar da amfanin gona a lokacin yanayin yanayi mai kyau.
Yaushe kuma wane nau’in tumatir don shuka don seedlings – za ku zaɓa. Amma a lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar tunawa: daidaitaccen zaɓi na iri, shuka iri a mafi kyawun lokaci, bin fasahar aikin gona yayin lokacin girma zai ba ku damar samun sabon amfanin gona daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
