Dabbobin doki na Jamus: bayyani, halaye

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kowane kashi goma na Jamusawa na yin hawan doki. Kiwon doki a Jamus ba kasuwanci ne kawai ba, har ma da salon rayuwa. Yawancin manyan gonakin ingarma sun fi mayar da hankali a wannan ƙasa. Dabbobin doki na Jamus suna da ban sha’awa ba kawai ga mazauna wannan ƙasa ba, har ma ga dukan duniya.

Kiwon doki a Jamus

Jamusawa sun kasance suna kiwon dawakai shekaru aru-aru. Bukatar dawakai masu ƙarfi da sauri an kafa su a tsakiyar zamanai. Mazauna Yammacin Turai a wancan zamani, tare da halayensu na tafiya, sun yi aiki a kan ƙirƙirar sababbin nau’o’in da za su iya ɗaukar nauyin mahaya sanye da kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Yawancin layin nau’in a Jamus an haife su ne tsakanin ƙarni na 15 zuwa 19.

A yau, dawakai na Jamus suna nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a tseren.. Suna samun kyautuka da kyaututtuka cikin sauki. Masu kiwo a Jamus suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓin mutane don haifuwa. An yarda da dawakai don kiwo:

wuce gwajin lafiyar dabbobi;
daidai da bukatun na waje;
yana nuna ƙungiyoyi masu haske da daidaitawa akan ƙasa mai wuya, a fagen fage, a cikin matsayi da tsalle.

Hankali! Mutanen da ba su ƙetare zaɓi na ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun ba ana yi musu simintin gyare-gyare.

Jamusawa suna matukar sha’awar wasannin doki. Wannan ya tabbatar da dimbin nasarorin da dawakai daga Jamus suka samu. Suna da kyau musamman a cikin riguna, vaulting da nuna tsalle. Sama da shekaru 30, mahaya daga wannan ƙasa sun kasance shugabannin da ba a tantama ba. Dabbobin doki na Jamus, duk da haka, ba su dace da triathlon ba. Ta wannan hanyar, sun kasa cimma nasara. Stallions masu yawancin jinin Ingilishi sun dace da wannan wasa.

Kiwon dokin Jamus

Yawancin layin jinsin Jamus an tsara su don wasanni da hawa. Suna da sauri da kauri, wayo da biyayya. Ita ma Jamus tana da irin nata trotting, ana kiranta Jamus trotter.

Dokin Hanoverian

Na farko ambaton waɗannan dabbobin da suka zauna a cikin ƙasar Prussia tun daga karni na 6. Dawakan ƴan asalin ba su da kyan waje, amma suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. A cikin 1735, ƙarƙashin ikon George II, an kafa gonar ingarma a Celle. A kan yankinsa, an haye ma’auratan gida masu kyawawan alamu tare da ɗimbin dokin Danish, Trakehner, Andalusian da Thoroughbred.

Ya ɗauki kusan shekaru 100 kafin yawan dawakan Hanoverian ya bayyana. Waɗannan dawakai ne na duniya, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su duka don aiki tuƙuru da kuma kayan ɗamara mai haske. A lokacin Napoleon, adadin dabbobi ya ragu, a wurin da aka yi amfani da gonar ingarma akwai mutane 30 kawai masu dacewa don haifuwa. Sa’an nan kuma aka haye mafi kyawun ma’aurata tare da dawakai na Turanci. Bayan haka, sabon ƙarni na dawakai sun rasa halayen aikin su, amma sun canza a waje kuma sun zama sananne cikin sauri.

Hanoverian doki iri

Wannan nau’in ya sami sauye-sauye a lokacin yakin duniya na farko da na biyu, an kara girma, sannan kuma sun yi aiki a kan sauƙaƙe tsarin mulki. Daga karshe an kafa dokin Hanoverian a shekarun bayan yakin, lokacin da sha’awar wasannin dawaki ya karu. A wannan lokacin, dawakai sun rasa mahimmancin tattalin arzikinsu, aiki mai nauyi a cikin filayen yanzu an yi ta da injuna.

Halayen waje:

jiki mai jituwa na nau’in wasanni;
tsawo – 162-170 cm;
dogon wuyansa, ƙayyadaddun ƙaya;
m kai tare da hunchbacked profile halayyar Hanoverians da masu launin ruwan idanu masu hankali;
jiki na tsoka;
fitattun kafadu na oblique;
lebur bushe baya;
ɗan ƙaramin ɗagaɗaɗɗen croup;
doguwar gaɓoɓin sinewy tare da manyan gidajen abinci da gajerun fastoci;
alatu ponytail tare da babban dacewa;
kwat da wando – bay, baƙar fata, launin ja mai ƙarancin gama gari.

Trakehner

Kakannin wannan tsohuwar nau’in su ne Zhmud mares da dokin gabas. A lokacin Knights na Teutonic Order, Prussia tana sha’awar samun dawakai masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi da ƙarfin hali waɗanda za a yi amfani da su don kare jihar. A cikin 1400, game da 30 ingarma gonaki aiki a kan yankin na jihar, sun bred hawa da kuma nauyi dawakai.

A cikin karni na 18, da nacewa na Frederick I, wata masana’anta ta fara aiki a birnin Trakenen, inda aka samar da sabon nau’in dawakai na Jamus. An gudanar da ayyukan kiwo a kan tudun na gabas, Danish da Ingilishi. Daga baya, a cikin karni na 19, dawakan kiwo na Trakehner irin sun sami karbuwa a tsakanin masu fada aji kuma an gane su a hukumance.

Siffofin:

matsakaicin tsayi – 1,68 m;
m karfi jiki;
kai yana da faffadan ɓangaren gaba kuma an bambanta shi da ɗan ɗanɗano mai kyan gani;
wuyansa mai ƙarfi tare da lanƙwasa mara zurfi;
karfi da baya da lumbar;
m croup tare da fitaccen taimako na tsoka;
kafafu masu karfi;
launi na dokin Trakehner yana da halayyar – ja ko bay, launin baki da launin toka yana da wuya.

Holstein

Daga cikin nau’o’in dawakai na Jamus, yana da daraja a nuna alamar Holstein, an dauke shi daya daga cikin tsofaffi a Jamus. Magabata na zamani wakilan wannan layi ne Neapolitan, Oriental da kuma Spanish dawakai. Dokin karusar Yorkshire shima ya rinjayi ci gaban Holstein na zamani.

Hoton Holstein

A ƙarshe an kafa yawan jama’a a wata gonar ingarma da ke birnin Elmshorn na Jamus, lokacin da aka kawo dawakai na turanci zalla a can. Godiya ga nasarar kiwo na waɗannan kantuna tare da marejin gida, nau’in dawakai na Hanoverian sun bayyana. Daga kakanninsu, sabon ƙarni na dabbobi sun gaji ba kawai gina jiki na motsa jiki ba, har ma da sauri da juriya.

Halayen waje:

tsayin doki shine 1,68-1,72 m;
jiki yana da tsoka;
kirji mai zurfi;
kafadu madaidaici;
kai karami ne tare da madaidaicin bayanin martaba;
wuyansa yana da tsayi, fadi a ƙasa, tare da lanƙwasa mai kyau;
gaɓoɓin suna da tsayi, bushe, rashin ƙarfi, saitin daidai ne;
fastoci suna da faɗi, har zuwa 24 cm a diamita;
croup yana da haske, mai kyau;
wani kwat da wando ne bay.

Dawakan Holstein suna da nutsuwa, suna nuna tawali’u, kuma suna da sauƙin horarwa. Suna da ƙarfi, ƙarfi, filastik da alheri.

Hankali! Shahararren dan wasan bakin teku mai suna Meteor ya kawo wa kasarsa lambobin yabo na Olympics 3.

doki oldenburg

Kakannin dawakan Oldenburg sune Frisiyawa da dawakai na asali. Da farko, ana amfani da waɗannan dabbobin a yaƙin soji, kuma lokacin da lokuttan jarumta suka nutse a baya, ana amfani da su wajen jigilar kaya masu nauyi da aikin noma.

A cikin karni na 17, a lokacin mulkin Count Oldenburg, wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) kuma saboda godiya ga mutumin da ya samu sunansa. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, shirin kiwon dawaki yana da nufin adana abubuwan waje, manyan nau’i da ƙarfin dawakai.

Da farkon ci gaban injiniyoyi, manufar kiwon dawakai kuma ya canza. Bukatar nau’ikan nau’ikan nauyin nauyi ya ɓace, amma sha’awar wasannin dawaki ya karu. Yanzu an ƙetare ma’auratan Oldenburg tare da tsattsauran kantunan Ingilishi. Ya zama dole a yi aiki kan sauƙaƙe kundin tsarin jikin dabbobi da kuma cusa musu halayen tsere.

Hankali! Wakilan zamani na nau’in Oldenburg suna bambanta ta hanyar jiki mai kyau, suna da alheri da alheri, motsin su yana da santsi da rhythmic. Mafi mahimmanci, dawakai sun nuna kansu a cikin sutura da kuma nuna tsalle.

Siffar waje:

tsawo – 1,68-1,78 m;
girman kai yana da matsakaici, muzzle yana da kyakkyawan bayanin martaba;
elongated iko wuyansa;
kirji mai fadi;
babban jiki tare da ci gaban tsokoki;
tsawon kafafu yana da matsakaici, suna da laushi da karfi;
Launuka masu rinjaye a cikin nau’in sune bay, baƙi, yawanci akwai fararen alamomi akan muzzle da gaɓoɓi.

Westphalian iri

Na farko ambaton dawakai daga Westphalia ya koma karni na 15. A da, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzukan da ke gabashin Jamus. An bambanta su da ƙananan girmansu da ƙarfin jiki, kuma sun dace da yanayin gida. Dawakan daji sun zama marasa fa’ida da kauri, wanda ya ja hankalin mazauna lardunan da ke kusa.

Westphalian doki

A wancan zamani, an tsallaka gidan yamma da Westphaliken Westphalik tare da wakilan layin asali a Turai – Stallions daga Holland, Italiya da Spain, amma ba zai yiwu a sami zuriyar da suka cancanci daga irin waɗannan iyayen ba.

A farkon ƙarni na 19, kiwon dawakai a Westphalia ya kasance cikin yanayi na baƙin ciki. Dawakan gida ba su dace da sojoji ko don kiwo ba. An yi ta ƙoƙarin ƙara girma na Westphalian. Don wannan, an yi amfani da nau’ikan dawakai na Jamus – Oddenburg da Hanoverian. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an ƙara jinin Percherons, Brabancons, Ardennes da Clydesdales ga jama’ar yankin, suna son haɓaka nau’in da ƙirƙirar sabon nau’in manyan manyan motoci.

Hankali! Baron von Schorlemmer-Alst ya bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen bunkasa kiwon doki a Westphalia. Godiya ga wannan mutumin, an kafa ƙungiyoyi da dama a lardin, masu kiwon dawakai iri biyu – dawakai masu nauyi da dawakai masu rabi. Tun daga 1920, an gudanar da aikin kiwo a kan tudun Hanoverian.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yawancin dabbobin sun yi asara, amma an koma aikin kiwo. Tare da ci gaban injiniyoyi, an mayar da hankali sosai don inganta halayen wasan motsa jiki na dawakai na Westphalian. An inganta nau’in a masana’antar Fornholz.

Wakilan zamani na nau’in Westphalian suna halartar gasa daban-daban. Sun yi fice a wasan tsalle-tsalle da sutura. A shekarar 1988, a gasar Olympics a birnin Seoul, Jamus tawagar lashe lambar zinariya, da 3 stallions na wannan nau’in aka hada a cikin abun da ke ciki.

A waje, Westphalians suna kama da Hanoverians, amma na karshen ana bambanta su da babban kwanyar. Halaye:

tsawo – 1,65-1,7 m;
babban jiki tare da ingantaccen ƙirji mai zurfi;
tsayi mai lankwasa wuyansa;
croup mara kyau, yana juyewa zuwa gaɓoɓi masu ƙarfi na matsakaicin tsayi;
an gajarta fastoci, kofato ƙanana ne da ƙaho mai ƙarfi;
launuka – ja, bay, baki, lokaci-lokaci ana samun launin toka.

Jamus trotter

A cikin karni na 17, sha’awar dawakai na karuwa a Turai, wanda zai iya yin gudu a kan dawakai na dogon lokaci. An yi amfani da irin waɗannan dabbobi don jigilar fasinjoji ta hanya mai nisa. Ba a bar Jamusawa ba. Sun tashi don haifar da sabon nau’in tare da kyawawan halaye masu kyau. Don yin wannan, sun sayi ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa na Amurka da mares, trotters na Faransa da Oryol.

Jamus trotter iri

Jamusawa sun gudanar da zaɓin tsattsauran ra’ayi na foals, suna ba da fifiko ga mafi ƙasƙanci, masu tauri, masu kyau da kyawawan mutane.. A sakamakon haka, an sami sabon nau’in trotting. A yau, wakilanta suna bambanta da kyawawan halaye masu gudana kuma suna sauƙin barin abokan hamayya a bayansu, suna samun lambobin yabo da yawa.

Siffofin waje:

gajeren tsayi – 150-155 cm;
m jiki;
Dogon wuyansa;
layin baya ko da;
m busasshen kai tare da madaidaicin bayanin martaba;
dogon kafafu masu laushi;
croup na tsoka;
suit – bay.

Dokin Kudancin Jamus

Irin wannan nau’in ya bayyana a cikin karni na 19, lokacin da aka kawo Noriken na Austrian zuwa yankin Bavaria. Daga baya, an ƙara jinin dawakan Oldenburg da Holstein, da manyan manyan motoci daga Belgium da Clydesdales, a cikin zuriyarsu. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar su, tsarin mulkin dabbobi ya zama karfi, da dawakai – mafi girma. A sakamakon haka, an kafa doki na Kudancin Jamus, yana da kyakkyawan jiki, juriya da ƙarfi.

Siffa:

tsawo – 1.6 m;
daidai babban kai tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba;
m, idanu masu kyau;
fadi da gajeren wuyansa;
Ƙarfin kafada mai ƙarfi;
mai yawa madaidaiciya madaidaiciya;
kirji mai zurfi;
dogon busassun ƙafafu tare da ƙananan fuka-fuki a ƙasa;
na marmari mai laushi mai laushi;
kwat da wando – bay, m, launin ruwan kasa.

Kowane nau’in doki na Jamus yana da nasa tarihin ban sha’awa. Mazauna Jamus suna kula da waɗannan dabbobi cikin firgita da son wasannin doki. Gonakin ingarma da ke aiki a kasar na ci gaba da aiki don inganta halayen dawakai. Jamusawa sun sami nasarar samun nasara wajen kiwon dawakai albarkacin…