Tumatir iri-iri “Fashewa” kayan wuta ne na ƙamshi na ‘ya’yan tumatir masu kyau, godiya ga aikin shuka.

Babban tayin nau’in tumatir sau da yawa yana sanya masu lambu da manoma na yau da kullun a gaban zaɓi mai wahala. Don yin amfani da hankali don amfani da wuraren da aka shuka da kuma samun girbi mai kyau na dogon lokaci, wajibi ne a zabi nau’ikan lokuta daban-daban na ripening, nau’in daji, zoned don wani yanki.

Tumatir iri-iri “Fashewa” ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai tsayi da kuma maras kyau na farkon iri-iri wanda ke kula da samar da amfanin gona mai girma ko da a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani a bude ƙasa. A lokaci guda, inganci da kasuwa na ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da kyau sosai.

Menene nau’in tumatir “Fashewa”

Tsire-tsire iri-iri “Fashewa” suna da iyakacin ilimin lissafi a cikin girma ta hanyar goge biyar zuwa shida akan babban tushe a cikin yanayin ƙasa mai kariya, a cikin buɗewa suna iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Bisa ga wannan alamar, suna cikin ƙungiyar masu ƙayyadewa, kuma bisa ga lokacin girma, suna cikin waɗanda suka fara girma.

Ko a cikin greenhouse, tsire-tsire ba su kai tsayin sama da mita ɗaya ba.

Samuwar harbe-harbe yana da rauni sosai, don haka farashin aiki don samuwar ba su da yawa. A cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, kusan ba a cire ƴan uwa. Ganyayyaki ba sa girma sosai, suna da girma sosai. Matsakaicin ‘ya’yan itace 5-6 an ɗaure akan kowane goga, na farkonsu babba ne, yana auna har zuwa 200 g ko fiye. Babban ɓangaren ‘ya’yan itatuwa, musamman ba tare da cire ‘ya’yan uwa ba, yana cikin 100-150 g.

Launin ‘ya’yan itace cikakke

A cikakken balaga, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da launin ja a launi, siffar su zagaye, kuma saman yana dan kadan. Fatar tana da ƙarfi sosai, mai juriya ga fatattaka. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna jure wa ajiyar dogon lokaci da sufuri da kyau.

Lokacin girma

‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari iri-iri “Fashewa” suna girma a cikin kwanaki 85 zuwa 105. Dangane da yanayin girma a yankin, lokacin girma na amfanin gona ya bambanta sosai:

• a cikin matsugunan fim – daga ƙarshen Yuni;
• a waje – tsakiyar watan Yuli.

Ana ƙara ‘ya’yan itace, kuma, idan yanayi ya ba da izini, zai iya wucewa a cikin greenhouses har zuwa karshen Satumba. A cikin bude ƙasa, amfanin gona yana girma a hankali har zuwa ƙarshen Agusta.

Ladabi

Bisa ga bayanin, tumatir na iri-iri suna bambanta da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi kuma suna da maƙarƙashiya. Don wannan tsami ne wasu mazauna lokacin rani suka rage ƙima na dandano iri-iri. Wasu kuma suna son wannan jikewar dandanon tumatir. Bangaren ‘ya’yan itacen yana da nama, amma kasancewar adadi mai yawa na ɗakunan iri (aƙalla 6) da danshi a cikinsu yana sa ‘ya’yan itace suyi nauyi har ma da ƙaramin girma. Lokacin cizon ciki, haɗuwa da nama da juiciness yana ba da jin dadi.

Yawan aiki

A cikin bude ƙasa, yawan amfanin ƙasa daga daji guda ya kai kilogiram 3-4, kuma a cikin greenhouses – fiye da 5 kg. Wannan ba yawa ba ne, amma a gefe guda, ƙoƙarin noma iri-iri na wannan ƙananan tsire-tsire yana buƙatar ƙoƙari kaɗan.

Bayanin nau’ikan kama da “Fashewa”

Tumatir “Fashewa” an halicce shi ta hanyar inganta iri-iri “Farin zubowa”. Irin waɗannan halaye suna da irin waɗannan nau’ikan kamar: “Sanka”, “Parodist”, nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan “Legionnaire F1”, “Cupid F1”. Akwai kamance da “Alpha”, “Lyana”, amma suna da ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa kuma ‘ya’yan itace suna ƙare da sauri. A cikin nau’in “Gina” – ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun fi girma, sun ƙunshi ƙananan tsaba da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace.

Kyakkyawan halaye na iri-iri da rashin amfani

Iri-iri yana da fa’idodi da yawa fiye da rashin amfani:

• juriya ga mummunan yanayi;
• ƙananan buƙatu akan fasahar noma;
• barga rigakafi ga manyan cututtuka;
• mafi ƙarancin farashin aiki don kulawa, takin mai magani da kayan kariya;
• dogon lokacin fruiting idan aka kwatanta da sauran farkon iri.

Daga cikin rashin amfani, mutum zai iya soke ƙarancin amfanin gona na ɗanɗano, idan aka kwatanta da dogayen iri daga yankin greenhouse.

Bukatun don yanayin girma

a cikin greenhouse

Yana da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau ba tare da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin greenhouses na fim ba. Dasa yawan jama’a a cikin gidajen da aka ɗora ba zai zama cikakkiyar ma’ana ba, amma don ƙaddamar da dasa shuki iri iri, “Fashewa” ya dace sosai. Akwai isasshen sarari don shuka ko da 35x50cm. Yana jure rashin ƙarfi ta wasu tsire-tsire, amma an saita ‘ya’yan itace kaɗan.

A cikin fili

Mafi sau da yawa, nau’in tumatir mai fashewa yana girma ne a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ta amfani da rashin fahimta da kwanciyar hankali. Duk wani nau’in ƙasa ya dace da noma, sai dai na ruwa. A kan ƙasa mai acidic, ana ƙara ash itace da garin dolomite don kawar da acidity.

A kan ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da aikin ƙasa mai kaka tare da takin gargajiya: taki, takin, humus (4-8 kg) tare da ƙari na ash (150-200 g) da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium (20-20). 30 g da 1 m²). Seedlings ana dasa a cikin ƙasa a shekaru 50-55 kwanaki. Ana iya amfani da tsarin saukarwa daban-daban:

• tef – (layi 2-3 akan tudu);
• a cikin tsari na checkerboard;
• murabba’i – gida.

Domin 1m² shuka matsakaicin tsire-tsire 6. Don sauƙi na kulawa da abinci mai gina jiki na yau da kullum, an zaɓi nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire – 35-40 cm, da jeri – 50-60 cm.

A cikin yankunan kudanci, inda lokacin dumi ya dade, ana iya shuka nau’in tumatir iri-iri a cikin hanyar da ba ta da iri, shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye.

Agrotechnical events

nutsewa

Don noman seedling, ana shuka tsaba da farko a cikin kwalaye ko kwantena, sannan a nutse cikin lokaci na ganye na gaskiya 1-2 cikin kofuna ko tukwane (akalla 8 × 8 cm).

Nasiha! Lokacin zabar, danna kan tushen tushen don haɓaka ci gaban tushen gefe.

Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don shuka iri shine 22-25 ° C, don seedlings – 14-15 ° C, don ɗaukar seedlings – 18-22 ° C.

Pasynkovanie

Tsire-tsire iri-iri suna bazuwa, amma ƙari. Suna yin ‘yan harbe-harbe a kan babban tushe, musamman a cikin sanyi, bushewar yanayi. Dangane da yanayin shuka, an yanke shawara ko yana da daraja ga ƴan uwa:

1. Idan shuka ya ba da harbe 2-3, yana da ma’ana don barin su. Zai zama mai tushe biyu ko uku.
2. Idan koren taro yana girma sosai akan ƙasa mai laushi ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ƙarin harbe dole ne a fashe a hankali.

Mafi sau da yawa, ana buƙatar pinching a cikin greenhouse; a cikin bude filin, shuka kanta zai ba da iyakacin adadin rassan gefen.

Kamar yadda aka saita ‘ya’yan itace, cire ƙananan ganye 1-2 kowane kwanaki 7-10. Wannan zai sake rarraba dakarun zuwa ga samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ripening.

Daure

Shuka ba shi da tsayi sosai, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da garter a gare shi, tun da shuka ba zai tsaya a ƙarƙashin nauyin ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba, kuma rassan za su fadi a ƙasa. Daure zai inganta samun iska, kariya daga ci gaban cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari. Kuna iya ɗaure har zuwa goyan baya guda ɗaya, ko, ja trellis tsakanin goyan baya biyu, ɗaure tsire-tsire zuwa gare shi. Don garter, yana da kyau a yi amfani da igiya na lilin ko zane mai laushi.

Ƙarin hadi

Rawan da aka tara tun lokacin kaka suna cike da takin ma’adinai mai ɗauke da nitrogen mako ɗaya kafin shuka. Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire da aka dasa ne kawai lokacin da suka sami tushe sosai kuma suka fara girma. Wannan zai faru a cikin kwanaki 12-14. Babban sutura na iya zama kwayoyin halitta (jiko na mullein 1:10) ko ma’adinai (ammofoska, nitroammofoska, urea – 1-2 tablespoons da lita 10 na ruwa).

Ana ci gaba da ciyarwa bayan makonni biyu, ana ƙara yawan takin mai magani na phosphorus da potassium yayin lokacin saita ‘ya’yan itace. Nitrogen a cikin wannan lokacin ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙananan ƙididdiga don kada ya haifar da ci gaban ƙwayar kore.

Don wannan nau’in, yana da wuya cewa za a buƙaci fiye da 3 manyan riguna a cikin ƙasa, tun lokacin girma na shuka yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Matakan rigakafi don kariyar shuka

Iri-iri iri-iri suna da juriya mai sanyi da juriya ga fungal (baƙar ƙafa, farar rot, launin toka mai launin toka, Fusarium wilt) da cututtukan kwayan cuta. Mafi haɗari, tare da dogon zafi mai zafi da canjin zafin jiki, phytophthora.

A lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya ta’azzara, iri-iri suna sarrafa don gama ‘ya’yan itace.

Don hana ci gaban cututtuka, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da matakan matakan:

• Tsabtace ragowar tsire-tsire a kan lokaci, ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ganye masu lalacewa, karya wuce haddi;
• matsakaiciyar ruwa da sassautawa a cikin ruwan sama;
• zabi na magabata da makwabta (wanda ba a so – dankali, eggplant, barkono);
• dasa shuki a lokacin dasa shuki tare da raunin tushen tushe ko potassium permanganate;
• jiyya na tsire-tsire a lokacin girma tare da maganin shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe (1% maganin jan karfe sulfate, cakuda Bordeaux, phytosporin, da sauransu).

Yadda ake girma da kuma ɗaure tumatir na nau’in fashewar da ke girma a cikin greenhouse ana iya gani a cikin bidiyon.

A versatility na iri-iri

‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari iri-iri suna da manufa ta duniya, ba su dace da bushewa ba saboda yawan adadin danshi da ɗakunan iri. Ganin cewa naman “Fashewa” yana da m da kuma nama, ana samun ruwan ‘ya’yan itace mai yawa daga ‘ya’yan itace.

Kwasfa mai yawa yana kiyaye mutuncin ‘ya’yan itace a lokacin gishiri da adanawa. Salatin yana da kyau duka sabo da gwangwani a hade tare da sauran kayan lambu: karas, albasa, tafarnuwa, barkono, kabeji da ganye. Apples suna cika dandano tumatir da kyau.

Girma nau’in tumatir mai fashewa yana samuwa ba kawai ga ƙwararrun lambu ba, har ma ga masu farawa. A iri-iri ne quite dace da manoma a kan manyan yankunan, kamar yadda ya samar da barga girbi na ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari masu kyau kasuwanci halaye tare da kadan aiki da kuma kudi. Babban katin kati na iri-iri shine rashin fahimta.