Tumatir akan baranda girma mataki-mataki

Idan ba ku da lambu ko gidan bazara, wannan ba yana nufin ba za ku iya shuka tumatir mai daɗi da ƙamshi da hannuwanku ba. Wannan cikakke ne don baranda. Amma don samun girbi mai yawa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’in iri-iri masu dacewa, da kuma samar da tsire-tsire tare da kulawa mai kyau da yanayin da ya dace don girma.

Inda za a fara – zabar iri-iri

Domin ra’ayin uXNUMXbuXNUMXb girma tumatir a kan baranda don cin nasara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’in iri-iri. Ya kamata yayi girma da kyau a cikin ƙananan hasken rana kuma yana da ƙananan bushes.

Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan nau’ikan da ba su da girma suna girma a baranda, kamar: Bonsai, Tumatir Potted Jafananci, Yamal, Pink Angel, Kunnen Shanu, Renet, Ruby, Bush, Balcony Miracle, Oak, Labaran Kanada da Florida Petit.

Waɗannan nau’ikan suna girma da kyau duka a wuri mai faɗi da kuma a cikin inuwa, wanda ba sabon abu bane ga wannan amfanin gona. Bushes sun kai tsayin kusan santimita 35, kuma ba sa buƙatar garter.

Hakanan zaka iya zaɓar nau’in farkon don girma akan baranda: farkon Siberiya da Farin cikawa. Hakanan nau’ikan da ba su da girma masu zuwa sun dace: Cherry, Leopold da Pinocchio.

Yadda ake shuka tumatir a baranda – umarnin mataki-mataki

Fasahar noman tumatir a baranda ta sha bamban sosai da wadda ake amfani da ita wajen noman tumatir a fili. Rabin nasarar ya dogara da yadda daidai kuke zabar ƙasar, kwantena, da kuma shuka tsaba. Umurnin mataki-mataki da ke ƙasa zai taimake ku da wannan.

Zaɓin kwantena

Lokacin zabar akwati mai dacewa don girma tumatir a baranda, kuna buƙatar la’akari da gaskiyar cewa kowane daji dole ne yayi girma a cikin akwati ɗaya. Kula da hankali na musamman ga ƙarar, ya kamata ya zama akalla 3-5 lita. Wani abu da za a yi kwandon ba shi da mahimmanci.

Wannan al’ada tana tsiro da kyau duka a cikin tukunyar yumbu, guga na filastik, akwatin katako, da kuma cikin kwalban filastik da aka yanke. A kasan kwandon da aka zaɓa, yana da mahimmanci don yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa, wanda kauri ya zama akalla 30 mm.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Tumatir a baranda za su iya girma da haɓaka da kyau kawai a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa. Don shirya shi, hada humus, sod da peat (sawdust), duk waɗannan abubuwan ana ɗaukar su daidai gwargwado. A cikin cakuda da aka samu, zaka iya zuba dan kadan na superphosphate. Hakanan, don girma irin wannan shuka, siyan cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya don tumatir ya dace sosai. Babu shakka kar a yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya don girma furanni; tumatir ba zai iya girma da girma a cikinsa ba.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Domin ‘ya’yan tumatir suyi girma da sauri kuma tsire-tsire su yi karfi, dole ne a yi su da shiri na musamman kafin shuka. Idan kun yanke shawarar shuka iri da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, to ba a ba da shawarar haɗa su ba. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a shirya tsaba na kowane nau’in don shuka daban, kuma don kada a rikice, ana iya sanya hannu.

Shirye-shiryen shuka kafin shuka:

1. Da farko, shirya wani bayani na potassium permanganate, launi wanda ya kamata ya zama ruwan hoda. Sanya iri a ciki don 3 hours. Maimakon potassium permanganate, zaka iya ɗaukar sinadarai kamar Trichodermin ko Fitosporin. Irin wannan magani ya zama dole don halakar da cututtukan cututtuka na cututtuka daban-daban, kasancewar wanda ba za ku iya sani ba.
2. Sa’an nan kuma ana bi da iri da biostimulant (misali, Zircon ko Epin-extra). Godiya ga wannan magani, germination na tsaba zai inganta sosai. Idan kayan iri ya lalace, to irin wannan sarrafa zai ba da damar sake raya shi.
3. Ninka iri a cikin rigar datti kuma sanya shi a ƙasan shiryayye na firiji. Zai kwana biyu a wurin. Irin wannan hanyar taurin zai ƙara juriya na bushes na gaba zuwa canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin iska, da kuma sanyin sanyi da dare.
4. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tsaba tumatir ba su girma ba kafin shuka, saboda sun riga sun sami kyakkyawan germination. Bayan taurare, bushe kayan iri kadan don gudana kuma zaku iya fara shuka.

Shuka

Ana shuka tsaba na tumatir da farko a cikin ƙananan kwantena, alal misali, a cikin kofuna na musamman ko yanke kwalabe na filastik. Cika su da cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya, wanda dole ne a zubar da ruwa mai tafasa. Jira har sai substrate ya huce, kuma shuka tsaba 2 ko 3 a cikin kowane kofi. An rufe kwantena tare da fim a saman kuma an canza su zuwa wuri mai dumi.

Kada ka bari saman cakuda ƙasa ya bushe.

Har ila yau, don shuka, zaka iya amfani da akwati na kowa, wanda tsayinsa ya kamata ya zama kimanin santimita 8. Cika shi da cakuda ƙasa, wanda kuma ya zubar da ruwan zãfi. A saman da aka sanyaya substrate, yi tsagi, wanda zurfin ya kamata game da 10 mm, nisa tsakanin su ya kamata a kalla 40 mm.

Yada tsaba a cikin su, nisa tsakanin su ya zama kusan 20-30 mm. Bayan an rufe tsagi tare da substrate, an rufe akwati da gilashi (fim) daga sama. Matsar da shi zuwa wuri mai dumi.

Harbe

A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana shuka tsaba na tumatir don seedlings a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu, yayin da farkon seedlings ya kamata ya bayyana a farkon Maris. Da zarar wannan ya faru, cire murfin kuma matsa zuwa sill ɗin taga mai haske.

Lokacin da yawancin tsire-tsire suka bayyana, fitar da su zuwa baranda kuma shirya ƙarin haske a gare su. Ka tuna cewa idan tsire-tsire na tumatir ba su da isasshen haske, to, zai fara farawa a hankali kuma zai yi girma sosai. Tabbatar cewa baranda bai fi sanyi fiye da digiri 20 ba.

Bayan tsire-tsire waɗanda suka bayyana sun girma kaɗan kuma suna da ƙarfi, yakamata a rage zafin iska zuwa digiri 18.

Bai kamata a shayar da seedlings sau da yawa kuma da yawa, saboda wannan na iya haifar da ci gaban ƙafar baƙar fata, wanda zai iya kashe yawancin seedlings. Don ban ruwa, yi amfani da ruwa mai kyau a cikin zafin jiki. Lokacin da substrate ya jike, ana kwance samansa a hankali zuwa zurfin zurfi. Don kauce wa sassautawa da rage yawan waterings, an rufe saman substrate tsakanin bushes da wani bakin ciki Layer na ciyawa (peat).

Kwanaki 7-15 bayan fitowar seedlings, ana ciyar da su tare da Heteroauxin ko Kornevin. Ana amfani da maganin gina jiki ga cakuda ƙasa bayan shayarwa. Gabaɗaya, kafin ɗauka, za ku buƙaci irin waɗannan riguna na sama 3, waɗanda aka aiwatar a cikin tazara na makonni ɗaya da rabi.

Seedlings suna nutsewa cikin tukwane na dindindin makonni 4 bayan bayyanar su. Don fara da, shayar da tsire-tsire sosai, sannan shimfiɗa daji, ku manne tushe kusa da tushe tare da yatsunsu. A lokaci guda, ƙananan dunƙule na ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance a kan tushen.

Tare da gurɓatattun almakashi masu kaifi, rage tushen da kashi uku. Bayan haka, yi hutu a cikin cakuda ƙasa tare da sanda kuma sanya shuka a ciki har zuwa lobes na cotyledon. Saboda wannan, a cikin seedlings, tushen tsarin zai fara girma ba cikin zurfi ba, amma a cikin fadi. Danka abin da ake so kuma a ɗan taɓa samansa a kusa da tushe.

Ana dasa nau’ikan nau’ikan ƙarfi ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin akwati ɗaya, da ƙananan nau’ikan – 2 kowannensu, yayin da nisa tsakanin su ya kamata ya zama akalla 50-100 mm.

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin manyan akwatuna, ana lura da nisa kusan 0.4 m tsakanin bushes. A karo na farko bayan dasawa, kare shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye, kuma zafin iska a wannan lokacin ya kamata ya zama digiri 18-20.

Kula da tumatir a baranda

Domin tumatir a kan baranda suyi girma akai-akai kuma su ba da girbi mai yawa, suna buƙatar samar da kulawa mai dacewa da lokaci.

Ruwa

Don shayar da tumatir, ana amfani da ruwan da aka shirya don kwana ɗaya, wanda bai kamata ya zama sanyi ba. Ana yin watering yayin da substrate ya bushe a cikin kwantena. Kafin ovaries ya bayyana, kuma a duk tsawon lokacin samuwar da girma daga cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa, tabbatar da cewa cakuda ƙasa ya dan kadan (ba rigar) a kowane lokaci. Bayan ‘ya’yan itace ya fara farawa, ana bada shawarar rage yawan waterings.

Ƙarin hadi

A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana shuka tumatir a baranda a cikin birane, inda ba shi da sauƙi don samun takin gargajiya. Rashin lahani na kwayoyin halitta shine cewa yana da kaifi da wari mara kyau. Saboda haka, a wannan yanayin, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da takin ma’adinai don ciyar da tumatir, misali, Kemiru-universal da Mortar.

Kada a yi amfani da taki da yawa a cikin ƙasa, saboda wannan zai iya yin mummunan tasiri a kan tsire-tsire.

Kafin ciyarwa, a hankali karanta umarnin da za a iya samu akan kunshin, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin bin duk shawarwarin kuma kada ku wuce adadin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana yin suturar saman a hankali sau 1 a cikin makonni 1,5.

Garter

Tun lokacin da aka bada shawarar girma nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’in) a baranda,tsayin tsayin daka wanda bai wuce rabin mita ba, ba sa buƙatar garter. Idan kun yanke shawarar shuka nau’ikan tumatir masu matsakaici da ƙarfi, to, ku kasance cikin shiri don gaskiyar cewa dole ne a ɗaure su da yara sau da yawa.

Samuwar

Yayin da daji ke tsiro, harbe sun fara girma a cikin axils na ganye, wanda kawai ke ɗauke da ƙarfin shuka, wanda ke rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sabili da haka, masana sun ba da shawarar aiwatar da matakan matakai cikin tsari. Nan da nan bayan karin harbe sun kai tsayin 20-30 mm, an karya su da hannu a hankali. Don guje wa kamuwa da cuta, duk raunukan da ke kan daji bayan tsintsawar ana bi da su tare da busasshen toka na itace. A lokaci guda, ana bada shawarar barin 2 ko 3 mai tushe akan kowane daji. Kuma a kan kowane mai tushe, kuna buƙatar barin goge 4 tare da ovaries, bayan haka suna tsunkule saman su.

Dole ne a yanke ciyayi a duk lokacin girma. Ko da a lokaci guda kamar ‘ya’yan uwa, ana bada shawara don cire ƙananan faranti na leaf waɗanda ke hulɗa da farfajiyar ƙasa. Wannan zai inganta samun iska, da kuma rage yiwuwar kamuwa da tumatir tare da cututtuka masu yaduwa.

Girbi

Girbi ‘ya’yan itatuwa yayin da suke girma. Ya kamata a tsince ‘ya’yan itatuwa cikakke akai-akai. Idan ba a yi haka ba, to za su ƙara girma a hankali.

Tips daga ƙwararrun lambu

Idan kuna girma tumatir a baranda a karon farko, to, shawarar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun lambu za ta yi amfani da su:

1. Ana fitar da tumatir zuwa loggia maras kyau ba a farkon Afrilu ba, yayin da da rana zafin jiki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 23 ba, da dare – ba ƙasa da digiri 13 ba. Idan ya fi sanyi a waje, sai a kawo ciyawar cikin gida a sanya su a kan windowsill.
2. Idan bushes suna girma a kan baranda da aka rufe, to ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga matakin zafi na iska, wanda ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon 60-65 bisa dari. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar samun iska na yau da kullun na baranda.
3. Kada ku ƙara yawan nitrogen da takin gargajiya a cikin ƙasa, saboda saboda yawan nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, bushes za su yi girma da girma, amma za a sami ‘ya’yan itatuwa kaɗan a kansu.
4. Tushen bushes na iya karya saboda yawan ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Don kauce wa wannan, dole ne a daure su.
5. Tsare-tsare a sassauta saman ma’aunin a cikin kwantena. Godiya ga wannan, tushen zai sami isasshen adadin oxygen, wanda zai sami tasiri mai amfani akan ci gaban bushes da yawan amfanin su. Har ila yau, sassauta ƙasa a kan lokaci zai taimaka hana bayyanar mold a samansa. Idan bayan sassauta adadin substrate a cikin tukunyar ya ragu, to tabbas kun ƙara shi.
6. Tumatir iri-iri na pollinating kai sun fi dacewa don girma akan baranda. Duk da haka, idan bushes suna kan baranda mai glazed, to, har yanzu suna taimakawa pollinate, tun da babu iska, pollen ba zai rushe daga furanni ba. Don yin wannan, a lokacin flowering, a kai a kai a hankali matsa a kan goge da kuma a kan tushe na shuka.
7. Domin daji ya yi girma da sauri ya fara ba da ’ya’ya kafin lokaci, za ku iya yin dabarar da ke gaba: ƙwace tushen tsiron balagaggu a gindin ku da hannunku kuma ku ja shi kaɗan, kamar kuna ƙoƙarin yin. cire shi. Godiya ga wannan, duk ƙananan tushen za su fito daga daji, kuma zai zama mafi ƙarfi …