Goat irin farar Rasha: na waje, ka’idoji, kulawa da kulawa

Farar akuyar Rasha ita ce mafi mashahuri irin nau’in kiwo a Rasha. Dangane da yawan madara, waɗannan awaki suna kusa da mafi kyawun nau’in kiwo – Saanen da Toggenburg. Na gaba, za mu koyi game da siffofin wannan nau’in, yadda ake yin kiwo, da kuma yadda za a guje wa kuskure.

Asalin jinsi

Kiwo ya daɗe har ƙarni da yawa. Nauyin ya inganta a hankali, daga tsara zuwa tsara. An gudanar da aikin don ƙara yawan aiki, rashin fahimta da ikon daidaitawa da yanayin yanayi mai wahala.

An samar da irin a matakai:

1. Shekaru aru-aru, an gudanar da “zabin yanayi”. Kyakkyawan nau’in nau’in ya inganta sakamakon abin da ake kira “zabin mashahuri”.
2. A ƙarshen karni na 19, masu sana’a masu sana’a sun dauki nau’in, suna lura da yiwuwarsa.
3. Tare da zuwan karni na 20, jinsin Rasha ya fara ketare tare da awakin Turai, wanda, ya mamaye awakin Rasha a cikin yawan aiki, ba zai iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai tsanani na Rasha ba. An dauki maza na Ingilishi, Jamusanci da Swiss don tsallakawa. Irin wannan zaɓin bai kawo sakamako na musamman ba.
4. A cikin 70-80s na karni na 20, masu shayarwa sun yi ƙoƙari na biyu. Matan jinsin Rasha sun ketare tare da shahararrun Toggenburgers da Saanen. A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a haifi awaki tare da karuwar yawan madara.

Na waje da lahani

Irin nasa ne na matsakaicin rukuni. Yana da sauƙi a bambanta shi da sauran awaki na kiwo, Rasha White ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da Saanen da Toggenburgers, shugabannin da ba a yarda da su ba dangane da yawan madara.

Alamun waje:

• Jiki Karfi da mikewa. Kirjin yana da fadi.
• Shugaban. Ƙananan, m. Wasu mutane suna da “‘yan kunne” a ƙarƙashin muƙamuƙi.
• wuya. A cikin mata yana elongated, a cikin maza yana da gajere.
• Kaho. Mai lankwasa da sikila. Ana yawan karkatar da awaki baya. Awaki marasa ƙaho – har zuwa 15%.
• Kunnuwa. Karami, nau’in tsaye.
• Kafafu. Tsawon yana da matsakaici, haɗin gwiwa yana da ƙarfi.
• Gemu. A cikin maza da mata.
• Wool. Kauri, matsakaicin tsayi.
• Launi Galibi fari. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka – launi mai launin toka ko fari tare da alamun beige tan.
• Nono. Siffar daidai ce, mai zagaye. Nonuwa suna tsawo.

Lalacewar nau’in, wanda ke kayyade tsarkinsa, shine kunnen kunne. Da kyau, kunnuwa yakamata su kasance a tsaye kuma suna ɗan nuni. Mutanen da ke da kunnen rataye ba a yarda su haihu ba.

Ma’auni na mata da maza:

Sigogi Goat Goat Nauyin nauyi, kg 73 52 Tsayi a bushes, cm 83 54 Tsayi a sacrum, cm 80 59 Zurfin ƙirji, cm 42 29 Faɗin ƙirji, cm 19 16 Ƙarfin ƙirji, cm 75 57 Girman ƙirji, cm 103 82 Faɗin ƙirji a cikin makloks, cm 5 14 Dawafin Metacarpal, cm 18 8 Tsawon kai, cm 20 21 Faɗin goshi, cm 12 13

Akuyoyin suna da tsayin jiki, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashi, ƙafafu masu kyau. Awaki kuma suna da girma sosai, amma a mafi yawan al’amura har yanzu basu kai na maza ba.

Babban halaye na fararen awaki na Rasha

A irin nasa ne awaki na nono yawan aiki. Babban manufar kiwonsa shine samun madara. Duk sauran “kayan kuɗin shiga” na biyu ne. Kamar yadda ya dace da awakin kiwo, Fararen Rasha suna da dogayen nonuwa waɗanda suka dace da nonon hannu da na’ura.

Babban bambanci tsakanin nau’in Rasha da analogues na kasashen waje shine kasancewar fluff a ƙarƙashin gashi mai kauri. Wannan yanayin yana da alaƙa da ikon nau’in don tsira a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

Yawan aiki

Abubuwan Haɓakawa:

• Madara. A cikin shekara guda, akuya ɗaya yana ba da madara daga lita 500 zuwa 850. Yawan madara ya dogara da kulawa. Sauran alamomin samar da madara:
  • tsawon lokacin lactation – kwanaki 270-280;
  • yawan amfanin gona na yau da kullun – 1-2 l;
  • kalori abun ciki – 687 kcal / kg;
  • mai abun ciki – 4-5%;
  • furotin – 2,8-3,2%;
  • casein – 2,1-2,5%;
  • lactose – 4.5-6%.
• Nama. Yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, m. Fita daga gawa – 56%. Saboda yawan haifuwa na nau’in, yawancin dabbobi ana kiwon su don nama. Nauyin mutane ya dogara da jinsi kuma ya bambanta daga 55-85 kg.
• Wool da ƙasa. 150-200 g na fluff a kowace shekara ana combed daga akuya ɗaya. Yana faruwa cewa suna tsefe ko da 400 g kowanne. Dumi, zaren laushi ana yin su daga ulu. Yawan ulu ya dogara da nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) nau’i-nau’i-gajere-masu-masu-masu-masu-gashi.
• Haihuwa. Mata suna kawo yara 1-2 a shekara. Mitar rago – sau 2 a shekara.
• Fatar (akuya). Yana zuwa yin kayan fata masu tsada – morocco, chevro.

Farin Rasha yana da adadin ruwan madara na 0,4 kg a minti daya. Matsakaicin lokacin shayarwa shine mintuna 3.

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da maza a cikin tsire-tsire masu kiwo a matsayin abu don inganta halayen madara na sauran nau’in. A cikin manyan garkuna, ana amfani da Farin Rasha don tsallakawa tare da awaki Saanen da sauran nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan na waje waɗanda ke ratsa kwayar halitta don samar da madara mai yawa.

Haushin akuya

An bambanta nau’in ta hanyar daidaitaccen hali. Sauran fasalulluka na halin White Rasha awaki:

• ba mai yiwuwa ga butting;
• mai canzawa – daga biyayya da sauri ya wuce zuwa taurin kai;
• mai hankali;
• gluttonous – ci da zari;
• haziƙai kuma suna son mamaye – matan da aka zaɓe suna fama da wannan, ba tare da sanin yadda za a kori ƴan ƙaho ba;
• a yanayin tsoro ko rashin lafiya, suna iya nuna gaba.

Dubi bidiyon da ke ƙasa don bayyani na nau’in akuya na Farin Rasha:

Wuraren rarrabawa

Mafi yaduwa fararen goat na Rasha, da kuma nau’o’insa – nau’in Gorky, sun samu a yankunan tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Tarayyar Rasha. Anan, a yawancin gonaki, ana kiwo waɗannan awaki. A cikin gonaki na yankunan Moscow, Leningrad, Ivanovo da Yaroslavl, yawan yawan nau’in ya kai dubban daruruwan shugabannin.

Rasha fararen awaki, ban da jera yankunan, ana kuma rayayye girma a cikin Krasnodar Territory, Mordovia, Saratov da sauran yankuna na Rasha Federation. Farin awaki suna shahara a Belarus da Ukraine.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Fiye da ɗaruruwan shekaru na “juyin halitta”, da kuma sakamakon zaɓi na tsari, nau’in ya sami fa’ida:

• Suna ba da madara mai yawa.
• Hardy.
• Madara ba ta da wari.
• Sada zumunci da zamantakewa. Suna gane mai garken a matsayin shugaba, kuma suna yi masa biyayya.

Rashin amfani da farar awaki na Rasha:

• Akwai hali na lalata nau’in. Lokacin da aka ajiye mutane na jinsi daban-daban a cikin alkalami ɗaya, za a iya haifan zuriya mai rauni da raɗaɗi. A sakamakon irin wannan mating, freaks an haife shi.
• Pugnacity a ƙuruciya.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

Babu wani abu mai wuya ko na musamman a cikin kiyaye nau’in Farin Rasha – waɗannan awaki suna da yawa, marasa ma’ana da wuya. Babban abin da suke buƙata shine barns mai tsabta da bushe, da kuma cikakken abinci.

Bukatun ɗaki don nau’in farin Rashanci

Abubuwan bukatu na gidan akuya da yanayin tsarewa:

• Dry da tsabta goat ta Rue, da ventilated amma ba tare da zayyana. Awaki ba sa jure wa iska – suna rashin lafiya. Iska mai kyau yana rage haɗarin rashin lafiya.
• An yi benaye tare da gangara. An yi benaye da siminti, wanda aka ɗora allunan. Ana jifa ciyayi ko bambaro a sama don kada dabbobi su yi sanyi kofatonsu da kafafunsu.
• Iskar da ke cikin rumbun ya kamata ta kasance tsaka-tsaki. Tare da dakuna da yawa da yawa, haɗarin haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka suna ƙaruwa.
• Ana tsaftacewa akai-akai. Idan ba ku tsaftace sito ba, kwari na parasitic na iya farawa a bango da bambaro.

A kudu, ana iya kiwon awaki duk shekara. A cikin matsananciyar latitudes, ana aiwatar da hanyar wurin kiwo ko ajiyewa a cikin rumfa. Nauyin ya dace da ƙananan gonaki masu zaman kansu da manyan kiwo.

Ta yaya kuma me za a ciyar?

Yanayin yawan amfanin nono shine abincin da ya dace. Har sai sanyi ya shiga, ciyawa ita ce tushen abincin akuya. Akuya musamman da son ransu suna cin clover, alfalfa da ciyawa.

Tukwici Ciyar da Akuya:

• Vico-oat cakuda. Cakuda hay daga hatsi da legumes. Adadin ciyarwa shine 2 kg, amma mafi kyawun zaɓi shine samun damar kyauta.
• Silage masara. Ana ba da shi a lokacin madara mai aiki. Matsakaicin shine har zuwa 1 kg kowace rana.
• bushe bushe hay – har zuwa 400 g.
• Kayan lambu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Har zuwa 300 g kowace rana.
• Alli da gishiri. Ana ƙara su don ciyarwa a cikin yanayin sanyi. Ko kuma su sanya gishiri da alli da aka matse a faranti kusa da masu sha.
• Tsintsiyar ciyawa – nettles da swans, ko daga rassan – aspen, Birch, itacen oak.
• Ruwa. Ya kamata awaki su sami damar samun ruwan sha kyauta – ana canza shi sau 2 a rana. A cikin hunturu, yana da kyawawa don zafi da ruwa.

Awaki suna farin cikin cin rassan matasa kusa da shrubs, gnaw haushi daga bishiyoyi. Wadannan dabbobi bai kamata a bar su kusa da ‘ya’yan itace da berries shuka.

Muna ba da shawarar karanta labarin akan ciyar da awaki a cikin hunturu.

Case: fasali don nau’in White na Rasha

Wannan nau’in ya dogara ne akan kakanni na daji da kuma waɗanda ba a haifa ba, daga wanda Farin Rasha ya gaji farkon balaga. Matasa awaki suna shirye don mating a farkon watanni 3. Amma ya kamata su zama mated ba a baya fiye da watanni 7-9. Mafi kyawun shekarun jima’i shine shekara 1.

Nau’in jima’i

Yawan farautar awaki yana daga kwanaki 17 zuwa 22. Yawancin lokaci akwai kwanaki 5-7 don jima’i – a wannan lokacin mace ba ta da hutawa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan haɗin kai:

• Insemination na wucin gadi. Hanya mafi aminci da inganci. Ana aiwatar da hanyar ta hanyar likitan dabbobi wanda ke dauke da kayan iri mai inganci don tabbatar da sakamako mai nasara.
• Harkar hannu. Mai shi yana zaɓar daidaikun mutane don saduwa. Yana da mahimmanci a guji saduwa tsakanin mutane masu alaƙa.
• Lamarin kyauta. Dabbobi suna yin aure ba kakkautawa, kamar yadda aka ajiye su tare – maza da mata.

Zai fi dacewa don kiwo dabbobi a cikin fall don a haifi yara a cikin bazara – ana daukar ‘ya’yan bazara mafi karfi da wuya.

Lokacin daukar ciki da fasali na rago

Ciki yana daga kwanaki 143 zuwa 155. An shirya duk abin da kuke buƙata don rago a gaba:

• ruwan dumi;
• almakashi;
• tsaftataccen tsumma.

Yawancin lokaci awaki suna jimre ba tare da taimakon ɗan adam ba. A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, ana iya buƙatar taimakon likitan dabbobi. Kuna iya koyo game da ɗan rago mai zuwa ta hanyar rashin natsuwa na mace.

Oda da fasali na rago:

• An haifi ɗan fari na farko kai tsaye, waɗanda ke biye da shi – a gefe guda.
• Suna cire ƙusa daga baki da hanci, suna yanke igiyar cibiya, su kashe shi.
• Sa’a daya bayan bayyanar yara, haihuwa ta shiga. Dole ne a cire shi da sauri.

Yana faruwa cewa an haifi yaro ba rai. Ana iya taimaka masa – an goge magudanar daga ƙumburi kuma ana shakar iska a cikin baki. Haka kuma, an sanya jariri a bayansa kuma an lanƙwasa ƙafafu kuma ba a lanƙwasa ba. Yawancin lokaci irin waɗannan ayyukan suna taimaka wa ɗan yaro numfashi.

Lokacin da jarirai suka bushe, ana ciyar da su da colostrum kuma a sanya su a cikin gidan akuya na musamman don dabbobi. Idan ka bar zuriya tare da uwa, nononta zai ragu, kuma zai yi wuya a mayar da shi.

Awaki: nauyi, nawa a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, yadda ake kulawa

Nauyin yaro a lokacin haihuwa shine 2,4-3,7 kg. Ƙananan dabbobi suna girma da sauri, ta hanyar watanni 6-8 nauyin dabba ya kai 25-30 kg. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, sau da yawa akwai yara 1-2, uku – da wuya. Cubs suna haɓaka da sauri kuma suna da tasiri sosai. Suna saurin zuwa ƙafafunsu, suna samun nauyi sosai kuma suna fara kiwo da wuri tare da garken manya.

Fasalolin ciyarwa:

• Yara, kamar yadda ya dace da nau’in kiwo, ana ciyar da su ta nono. Kwana 10 suna shan colostrum, sannan a koya musu shan kwano.
• Da farko ana ba wa akuyar nono sau 4 a rana, sannan sau 3.
• A wata na 2, ana gabatar da porridge na ruwa da dankali mai dumi tare da madara mai dumi a cikin abincin. Akuya suka fara cin ciyawa. A cikin kwanaki 20 za su iya saba da abinci mai gina jiki. Ana shayar da awakin da ake kiwon don noman nono har tsawon watanni 3-4.

Karanta labarin kan yadda da abin da za a ciyar da awaki.

Yadda ake nonon akuya?

Ya dace don madarar Farin Rasha da hannu, amma godiya ga madarar na’ura, ana iya haɓaka milking. Idan akwai kawuna dozin da yawa a gonar, to, mafi kyawun zaɓi don samun madara shine amfani da injin nono.

Abubuwan na’urar nono:

• Kwantena – madara yana shiga ciki. Daga ciki, an rufe gwangwani tare da wani abu na musamman na antimicrobial.
• Tsarin madara.
• Pump tare da mota.
• Kofuna tare da kofuna na tsotsa ko matsi.
• Ruwan madara.

Odar madara:

1. Gyara dabbar don ta tsaya ba tare da tsangwama ga aikin na’urar ba.
2. Sanya kwanon abinci kusa da akuya – wani abu …