Duck Mulard

Kiwo agwagwa na daya daga cikin wuraren kiwon kaji fifiko. Duk da haka, ba duk nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)) don haka ya kamata a tuntuɓi mai kyau a hankali. Wani zaɓi mai ban sha’awa shi ne matasan mulard, wanda ke da sauƙin kulawa da yawan aiki.

Labarin

Moulards wani nau’i ne da aka samu a sakamakon zaɓin ƙwararrun ƙwararru daga Faransa, waɗanda suka ketare ɗigon duck (Indo-duck) tare da nau’in farin duck na Peking. A sakamakon zaɓin, giciye maras kyau ya bayyana, wanda yake da matukar tsayayya ga cututtuka kuma yana da kyau ga masu farawa. An haifi Mulard a cikin 60s na karni na karshe, tun daga lokacin an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau’in nama. Ba da daɗewa ba, an aiwatar da mating na Indo-duck tare da Orgpington, duck Rouen da fararen fata.

Wannan aikin kuma ya ba da sakamako mai kyau, amma mulards ne suka sami babban shahara tsakanin sauran matasan.

Ba a samun mulards a cikin yanayi, tun da wuraren rarrabawar iyayensu sun yi nisa da juna: duck Peking yana zaune a cikin yankin Eurasian nahiyar, kuma Indo-duck yana zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Wani muhimmin fasalin kiwo na gicciye shine adana mafi kyawun halaye na duka iyaye a kowane wakilin matasan. Don haka, daga nau’in Pikin, tsuntsu ya sami girman girman jiki, kuma daga nau’in musky, tarin ƙananan adadin mai a cikin nama, wanda ya sa ya zama mai laushi da taushi. Kamar yawancin nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)).

Siffofin kallo

Moulard suna da girma mai ban sha’awa kuma an bambanta su da farin launi na alkalami. A kan ƙananan kan tsuntsu akwai alamomin baƙar fata, suna ba da ƙarfi sosai. Jikin duck yana da ɗan elongated siffa kuma yayi kama da ƙarfi sosai. Fuka-fukin yana da tsayi sosai kuma yana dacewa da gefuna. Ƙafafun suna haɓaka da kyau, suna da ɗan gajeren tsari, kuma ƙafafu suna launin rawaya-orange. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙwasa yana ɗan ƙara tsayi kuma yana da launin rawaya. Ducks suna da tsayi mai tsayi, amma a lokaci guda mai karfi wuyansa, wanda suka karbi sunan na biyu mara izini – duck-geese. Idanun mulards koyaushe duhu ne a launi, wutsiya gajere ce.

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman halaye na matasan shine yanayin natsuwa da halin rashin tausayi.

Tsuntsaye ba sa haifar da rudani kuma ba sa yin hayaniya da yawa a cikin filin kiwon kaji. Cross yana da kyau sosai game da yanayin tsare kuma yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi. Wannan shi ne saboda shekaru masu yawa na aikin zaɓin, sakamakon abin da kawai aka gano mafi kyawun nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan guda biyu kuma an gyara su. Bugu da ƙari, mulards ya juya ya zama tsuntsaye masu tsabta sosai, tare da tsaftacewa na lokaci na gidan kaji ko yadi, ƙanshin zai kasance ba ya nan.

Yin la’akari da bayanin ducks, ba zai yiwu ba a ambaci basirarsu mai kyau. Moulards ɗaya ne daga cikin ƴan jinsuna waɗanda za’a iya kiyaye su cikin aminci akan kiwo. Garken yana da biyayya sosai kuma ana sarrafa shi sosai, ba tare da haifar da matsala ga masu shi ba. Naman hybrids ya shahara saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsa da kyawawan halaye, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman kayan abinci.

Alamun aiki

Moulards ana siffanta su da babban yawan aiki. A cikin ‘yan watannin farko, tsuntsaye suna samun nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 4, da watanni hudu nauyinsu ya karu zuwa 6 kg, kuma a cikin watanni 5 ducks suna kama da geese kuma suna kimanin kilo 7. Siffar gicciye ta musamman ita ce daidaiton garken. Ba kamar wakilan sauran nau’in agwagwa ba, manya-manyan ƙwanƙwasa mata suna da nauyi a bayan maza da nauyin kilogiram 0,5 kawai, wanda ba ya bayyana nan da nan yayin dubawa na gani. Naman hybrids ya ƙunshi kusan 3% mai kuma yana da ɗanɗano na musamman. Ba shi da ɗanɗano na waje da ƙamshi na musamman, wanda, tare da ƙaramin abun ciki mai ƙima, yana ba da damar yin amfani da shi har ma da abinci na jarirai.

Dangane da kaddarorin abinci mai gina jiki da abun ciki na kalori, ana kwatanta naman ƙetare sau da yawa tare da naman sa matasa. Yawancin lokaci ana yin kiwo don hanta mai daɗi, wanda nauyinsa ya kai g 550 a lokacin yankan yana da shekaru watanni huɗu. Daga cikin mafi yawan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun dafuwa, hanta mulard yana da daraja daidai da hanta hanta, kuma wasu masu gourmets suna la’akari da shi mafi daɗi. Baya ga nama, mulards suna ba da gashin tsuntsu mai kyau. Ana iya amfani da shi duka don ɗinki matashin kai da gadaje gashin fuka-fuki, da kuma azaman filler don suturar waje.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Babban shaharar giciye tsakanin masu kiwon kaji saboda yawan fa’idodinsa masu mahimmanci, wato:

• tsayin daka ga matsananciyar zafin jiki yana sauƙaƙa kulawa da kiwo na tsuntsaye, kuma yana ba su damar girma a cikin yanayin yanayi na nahiya;
• mafi ƙarancin farashi don girma shine saboda saurin samun nauyi na duck akan kusan kowane abinci;
• Kyakkyawan rigakafi yana rage asarar kaji daga cututtuka daban-daban da na ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga yawan rayuwar garken;
• saboda rashin daidaituwa na mulards, ana iya yanka su daga watanni 3-4;
• matasan nama yana da babban dandano Properties kuma yana da ɗan tuno da Goose;
• godiya ga tsabtar tsuntsaye, gashin gashin su yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin matashin kai;
• ducks ne quite daidaita, kada ku tsoma baki tare da masu tare da babbar kuka kuma kada ku gudu daga farmstead.

Koyaya, tare da fa’idodin bayyane, matasan har yanzu yana da rashin amfani. Wadannan sun hada da rashin yiwuwar haifuwa ta dabi’a saboda rashin haihuwa na ƙwai da kuma kulawa ta musamman ga dampness. Don saurin samun nauyi, dole ne a samar da agwagi tare da bushe, ɗakin da ke da iska kuma dole ne a cire kasancewar zane. Wani hasara kuma ana ɗaukarsa ya yi yawa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’ikan, farashin ducklings. Don haka, farashin kajin mako guda ya bambanta daga 500 zuwa 600 rubles, izinin yau da kullun shine rabin farashin.

Ba a sayar da manya, saboda ba su da sha’awar kayan kiwo.

Sharuddan tsarewa

Girman mulards a gida ba shi da wahala ko da ga novice manoma. Tsuntsaye sun gamsu da yanayi mai sauƙi na tsare, wanda ƙirƙirarsa yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙoƙari da kuɗi.

Gidan kaji

Bayan da aka yanke shawarar girma matasan, ya kamata a kula da gina gidan kiwon kaji. Wajibi ne a gina shi a cikin ƙimar murabba’in mita ɗaya don mutane uku. Idan akwai sito da aka shirya ko wasu gine-gine a kan shafin, to ana iya canza shi cikin sauƙi zuwa gidan kiwon kaji. Don yin wannan, kawai dole ne a caulk duk fashe, kawar da zayyana kuma bincika ɗakin don dampness, mold da mildew.

Idan an samo na ƙarshe, ya kamata a dauki matakan kawar da su, kuma a cikin lokuta da aka yi watsi da su, yana da kyau a gina sabon tsari.

Ana ɗaukar itace mafi kyawun abu don gina gidan kiwon kaji. An ɗaga ginin sama da ƙasa ta hanyar 30-50 cm, kuma an shimfiɗa ɗan ƙaramin lemun tsami na lemun tsami a ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da busassun bambaro. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da sawdust ba saboda gaskiyar cewa sun kasance suna shayar da danshi, wanda zai haifar da dampness, wanda ke da illa ga moulards. Ya kamata a kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin dakin a +16-+18 digiri tare da iska mai zafi na 60-70%.

Muhimmiyar yanayin kiyaye ducks shine tsari na samun iska mai kyau. Wannan zai tabbatar da musayar iska mai kyau a cikin gidan kuma ba zai bari damshi ya taru a cikin dakin ba. Yawancin lokaci ana gina rami a gefen kudu na tsarin kuma an sanye shi da kofa mai dogara. Dole ne rufin ya ragu: ruwan sama zai zube cikin magudanar ruwa kuma ba zai iya shiga ciki ba. Haske a cikin gidan na iya zama duka na halitta da na wucin gadi, amma tsuntsaye suna girma da sauri tare da hasken halitta.

yankin Paddock

Akwatin don tafiya an sanye shi akan ƙimar 1 m² kowace agwagwa. Idan zai yiwu, to, sanya shi mafi kyau a kusa da tafki. Irin wannan wuri zai ba da damar tsuntsaye su ci duckweed da ciyayi na ruwa, da kuma yin iyo cikin yardar kaina. Duk da haka, kasancewar ruwa ba shi ne abin da ake bukata don kula da mulards ba; suna iya yin kyau ba tare da shi ba.

Zai fi kyau a yi shinge wurin tafiya tare da sarkar sarkar, kuma a ciki yana da kyawawa don yin kullun, wanda zai taimaka wa tsuntsaye su ɓoye daga rana a rana mai zafi ko tsari daga ruwan sama. Lokacin shirya murjani don ƙananan kajin, ana bada shawarar yin murfin raga daga sama. Wannan zai kare yara daga shiga cikin kuliyoyi ko tsuntsayen ganima.

A cikin yanayi mai dumi da bushewa, ana fitar da agwagi a waje har tsawon yini, yayin da a lokacin kaka da kuma mummunan yanayi ya kamata su yi tafiya na kusan awa daya.

Mai ciyarwa da abin sha

Ana sanya kwantena don abinci da ruwa duka a cikin gidan kaji da kanta da kuma a kan wurin tafiya. A cikin gida, masu ba da abinci 140 × 23 cm a girman za su isa ga manya, kuma ƙananan kwantena na 100 × 15 cm za su yi wa matasa dabbobi. Ana shigar da manyan samfuran akan titi kuma an sanya su cikin taya. Wannan zai hana su yin tikitin jirgin sama da saukaka sufuri. Daga sama, masu ciyar da abinci suna sanye da tukwane waɗanda ba sa barin tsuntsaye su ɗaga kawunansu da ƙarfi, su watsa abinci su hau cikin kwano.

Kulawa

Bayan yin la’akari da yanayin kiyaye tsuntsaye, ya kamata mutum ya zauna daki-daki akan kulawa. Don haka, idan an gudanar da noman mata a waje a cikin gidan kaji na kowa, to, ana rufe drakes a cikin cages kuma an fashe su sosai. Dalili na keɓe daban shine buƙatar gina hanta foie gras, wanda maza suka shahara da shi. Yanayin iska a cikin gidan kaji bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri +16 ba, in ba haka ba tsuntsu zai fara kashe yawancin adadin kuzari akan dumama jiki kuma zai zama mafi muni don samun nauyi. Matsakaicin iyaka shine +25 digiri, saboda a yanayin zafi mafi girma, moulards suna fama da zafi kuma suna fara cin abinci mafi muni, wanda kuma yana haifar da raguwar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar kasuwancin.

Da rana, a buɗe ƙofar gidan. Dole ne a yi haka don tsuntsu ya dawo ciki a kowane lokaci kuma ya huta cikin nutsuwa. Ana canza shimfidar bambaro kamar yadda ake buƙata, guje wa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abinci tare da ragowar abinci da najasa. Idan babu tafki na halitta, ana bada shawarar shigar da babban kwano tare da ruwa mai tsabta wanda duck zai iya yin iyo. Wannan wajibi ne ba kawai don kwanciyar hankali na mulards a cikin gidan kaji ba, amma har ma don inganta gashin gashin su.

Lokacin kiyaye babban garken garke, ana ba da shawarar a tono ramin da ba shi da zurfi sosai, a liƙa shi da foil kuma a cika shi da ruwa.

Don lokacin sanyi, yawanci ba a bar ƙwanƙwasa ba, amma ana yanka dukan dabbobin kafin lokacin sanyi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa matasan ana shuka su ne kawai don nama kuma ba za a iya amfani da su azaman kayan kiwo ba. Bugu da ƙari, kajin da aka samu a cikin kaka da aka bari don hunturu ba sa samun nauyi sosai a yanayin zafi kuma sau da yawa suna rashin lafiya. Saboda wannan, duck da aka samu a cikin hunturu yana da halin da ba shi da kyau sosai kuma yana da ƙarancin inganci. Don magance wadatar nama a cikin hunturu, ana ba da shawarar ko dai a gina babban gidan kiwon kaji tare da dumama, ko kuma ƙara yawan shugabannin a ƙarshe, batch pre-hunturu, da aika shi zuwa injin daskarewa bayan yanka. Ana ba da shawarar siyan sabon garken kajin matasa kafin Afrilu.

Ciyarwa

Don cimma iyakar yawan aiki na mulards, ya kamata a ciyar da su yadda ya kamata tun daga kwanakin farko. Don ciyar da kajin daga haihuwa zuwa kwanaki 10, yana da kyau a shirya cakuda na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi kwai mai dafaffen, sabo ne ganye, duckweed da masara porridge. Idan babu grits na masara, ana iya maye gurbin shi da alkama, sha’ir ko oatmeal. Hakanan zaka iya siyan abincin da aka shirya don ƙananan ducklings, wanda duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaba da ci gaban kajin suna da daidaito daidai.

Lokacin fara ciyar da jarirai, ya kamata ku sani cewa kwanaki 2-3 na farko kajin ba za su iya ci daga cikin kwanuka ba. Don haka, ana zuba cakudawar abinci a bayansu: suna bambanta motsi …