Growing potatoes. Potato care. Harvesting.

Growing potatoes. Potato care. Harvesting.

Prevention remains the main and most effective method of combating all diseases: selection of only healthy seed material, its obligatory germination to identify infected tubers, compliance with the balance of mineral fertilizers, as well as the acid-base balance of the soil, its moisture content. Prevention of scab, for example, includes the treatment of not yet sprouted tubers with formalin, and the best method of combating late blight is spraying the tops with copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid or arcerid. The main article is potato diseases.

Another thing is mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties. As an experiment, last summer, from two small rows of mid-season potatoes, Ogonyok cut off the inflorescences. When harvesting, weighed the crop – exactly 60 kg. From two adjacent rows, where the flowers did not break off, – 54 kg. The increase was 10%. Nice, but where is the promised 30%?
I work in this way: I drive the device into the soil at an acute angle to the weed root and cut it. I take out a plant with a part of the rhizome without disturbing the soil structure. The size of the knife may vary, but the shorter the metal part, the more the root remains in the ground.
The agricultural technique of growing potatoes is not difficult and, in general, well known. And yet, each gardener brings something of his own into this process. How to achieve a good result and get the maximum yield? We asked the most common “potato” questions to the candidate of agricultural sciences Dmitry Dmitrievich FITSURO.
In a checkerboard pattern relative to the center, we make shallow holes (10 cm) with an interval of 30 cm.
Everyone can name several ways to grow this product. Consider one:
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For accelerated reproduction of valuable varieties of potatoes, we use the seedling method. When grown by seedlings, you can get a yield of tubers higher and earlier than usual by 10 – 12 days, the consumption of planting material is reduced by 10 – 12 times.

Potato pests are:

maintain the necessary distances: row spacing – from 60 cm for early varieties to 70 cm for later varieties; between plants in a row – from 25-30 cm for early varieties to 30-35 cm for late varieties; depth – 10-12 cm for light soils, 8-10 for heavy and loamy soils and 4-5 cm for clayey.

After flowering, I dusted the potatoes with wood ash and watered them (over the leaves) with Phytosporin (according to the instructions). The result is pleasing!
I heard that some, in order to get large tubers, slightly break the tops 1-2 weeks after flowering. Allegedly, after this, nutrients are consumed exclusively for the development of the tuber. Is that so?
Therefore, my good advice to you: before removing flowers, study the potato variety with all its features.

A tablespoon of vermicompost is introduced into each hole, put the germinated tuber on top and equal the hole with earth.

For forcing seedlings, healthy tubers weighing 30-40 g are selected 80-100 days before the usual potato planting date. For 100 m2, 50-70 tubers are sufficient. Seedlings are often grown in boxes 60 cm long, 40 cm wide and 15 – 20 cm high. Garden soil or peat is poured on the bottom with a layer of 5 – 6 cm, potatoes are slightly compacted and laid out. The distance between the rows is 3, and between the tubers in a row – 2 cm. Pour humus mixed with sand in a 1: 1 ratio on top, or peat with a layer of 5 – 6 cm and watered abundantly. The boxes are placed in a room or in any dark room, where it is 18 – 20 ° C. As soon as the first shoots appear, which usually happens 14-15 days after sowing the seeds, they are transferred to a bright room or placed on the windowsills, which are located on the south side. When 75 – 80% of the shoots reach a height of 10 – 12 cm, the seedlings are transplanted. Two to three hours before that, it is watered abundantly, the plants with tubers are carefully removed, the stems with roots and soil are separated and planted in holes, abundantly watered with water. Between the rows 60 – 70 are left, and between the plants in a row – 25 – 30 cm. The planting depth should be such that half of the green part of the stems is in the soil. If the seedlings have overgrown and do not fit in the hole, they are placed obliquely. For better rooting and an early harvest, the planted shoots are covered with small-sized film tunnels with a wire frame in the form of arcs. When potatoes are propagated by sprouts from one tuber, 20-25 bushes are obtained.

Colorado potato beetle
It is worth noting that, depending on the size of the tubers, the standard distances can be proportionally increased or decreased within 3 cm.
For the productive cultivation of potatoes, you need: a land plot, agricultural machinery, labor, planting material, fertilizers, pest control products, transport and storage space for the resulting crop.

When the soil dries out a little after watering the potatoes, I loosen it and sprinkle it with peat, sawdust or humus. Then it is enough to water the bushes 1-2 times a month (without mulching – once a week) at the rate of 20-30 liters per 1 sq. M. I stop watering about 1-2 weeks before harvesting.
It is possible, only first you need to dig out the soil where the tuber presumably did not sprout in order to determine the reason for its non-germination. The old tuber must be removed from the ground.
Many gardeners have long adopted the Meatlider method – it is now convenient to water and feed potatoes, as well as remove weeds and pests.
At the same time, it is necessary to level the area,
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Still, tubers are the most traditional planting material for potatoes. Before planting, tubers weighing at least 50 g are germinated (vernalized). It has been established that the yield of vernalized potatoes is 2 – 3 times higher than that of non-vernalized ones.
, An insect that hibernates about a meter underground, and during the period of potato cultivation that multiplies on its leaves and feeds on them – they destroy it either by picking it by hand, or with preparations of cymbush, dilor, volaton, and there is still the possibility of infecting the beetle with a deadly bacterium with using bitoxibacillin powder;
Most often they are invented to solve the problems of specific farms: in order to make the most of a small space, spend less time on growing, avoid labor-intensive soil preparation:
Growing potatoes
– Breaking the tops in general, and especially 2-3 weeks after flowering, is not recommended, since from this moment the substances accumulated in the aerial part of the plant are already consumed only for the formation and growth of tubers.
Any new development that increases yields is a “coin” thrown into the piggy bank of the harvest. Here are some tips to help me grow great potatoes.

Care and cultivation of potatoes in the country in different conditions

Potatoes and caring for them

What is the best temperature for potato growth?

• • Meatlider potatoes imply high yields at a minimum cost – the bushes do not need to be hilled. The ridges are never loosened, because the root system of the plants is in the upper layers of the soil and can be accidentally damaged. They are only monitored so that the earth does not dry out, and each plant receives the same amount of moisture and fertilizing. You can mulch the soil with freshly cut grass without seeds or straw.

• • It is necessary to break large lumps of earth,

• • These tables confirm the advantage of the combined method. Up to 40 – 50% of tuber sprouts germinated in a humid environment break off. In addition, etiolated sprouts die at a soil temperature of 2 – 3 ° at a depth of 5 – 6 cm. Therefore, cooling the tubers to a temperature of 5 – 10 ° is recommended for any germination method in order to accustom the sprouts to low soil temperatures during planting.

• • Potatoes are germinated in several ways. With light germination, tubers are taken out of storage 40-50 days before planting, carefully sorted out and folded in two or three rows in special trellised boxes or baskets. The container with the planting material is taken out into a light room or a special room-vernalizer and placed closer to the windows for better illumination. Greenhouses and hotbeds are also used for this purpose. The boxes are stacked one on top of the other (up to 10 pieces), depending on the height of the room. In greenhouses, they are placed in one row or the tubers are laid out in two or three rows directly on the straw. In the future, for uniform illumination of the tubers, the boxes are transferred from darker places closer to the light and vice versa. At 12 – 15 ° C, tubers usually germinate. With a decrease in temperature, the period of vernalization lengthens to 60 days or more.

• • Planting potatoes under straw or under moss means that instead of soil, the planting material is covered with a layer of mulch, which retains moisture and protects the tubers from overheating.

Is divided into three main stages: planting potatoes, caring for a potato field and harvesting potatoes. Each stage requires certain knowledge: how to choose the best

Planting potatoes across the Meatlider – half a centner per hundred square meters

To get rid of weeds on potatoes, in the first half of April, I treated the area (watered with a watering can) with Lazurit. I did everything according to the instructions, but as a result … the potatoes disappeared. What did I do wrong?

Benefits of Dr. Mietlider’s Method

Active germination of tubers begins when the soil temperature reaches +7 degrees at the depth of their planting. Potato tops develop better at an air temperature of + 16 … + 22 degrees. Under these conditions, the most intensive assimilation of carbon dioxide and the formation of carbohydrates. And tubers are formed at a soil temperature of + 16 … + 20 degrees, when the outside air temperature is + 21 … + 25 degrees.

As a fertilizer, a special mixture No. 2 is applied in the amount of 40 g per linear meter. meter: the first time – as soon as the shoots appear, the second – when the shoots reach 15 cm, and the last – before the budding of the bushes. Mixture No. 1 is introduced exclusively for digging. Fertilizer is embedded in a furrow made in the center and then poured abundantly with water. The mixtures are prepared independently by purchasing the necessary components in the store in advance.

Potatoes according to Meathlider – making the beds

First, there is early loosening to a depth of several cm after each watering,

If the time required for vernalization is missed, the tubers need to be kept in a warm, bright room for at least 10 – 12 days, which will certainly speed up the germination and increase the yield. To save planting material, large tubers on the day of planting can be cut into pieces so that each of them has sprouts.

1. 1. Under normal conditions, thick dark pink sprouts 1 – 1,5 cm long are formed from each eye. In the case of a lack of light, as well as at higher temperatures, the sprouts that appear are long, slightly colored. They break off easily when planted, so they sprout later and give the worst yield.

1. 1. A round worm parasitizing on roots and tubers, slowing down and even stopping the development of a plant – infection with a nematode becomes less if you alternate potatoes with cereals and corn that are not susceptible to a nematode, as well as if you choose potato varieties with increased resistance to it;

1. 1. Also, this covering material prevents damage to the tops by pests and diseases, but does not interfere with air circulation in the tubers. At the same time, there is practically no need to cultivate the soil itself, weeding is excluded and harvesting is very facilitated;

1. 1. potato varieties

1. 1. What does the strong growth of potato tops indicate?

1. 1. I was convinced from personal experience that the removal of flowers and buds does not have any effect on the vegetative development of the bush, but significantly affects the structure of the crop and its amount (the increase in the removal of flowers is 7,5%), and for me personally – 75 kg to the planned harvest – a ton per hundred square meters.]

Watering potatoes or not?

Proper care of potatoes according to Meathlider

The composition of the mixture No. 1 for acidic soil:

Having thus ensured development and early shoots, by increasing the flow of oxygen, it must be remembered that at the same time the crust on the soil is destroyed and weeds are destroyed,

Potatoes are very picky about the soil. The best harvest is obtained on sandy and sandy loam or loamy moderately moist. Heavy clayey, due to their density and coldness, are of little use.

• • Sprouted tubers should not be picked and sprinkled. They are taken out into the field in the same boxes in which they were germinated.

Under a black film or non-woven material, which is spread on a previously dug and fertilized area, fixing the edges, make cuts, select a soil under them, forming a hole, and lay the tubers, sprinkling with the removed soil. This technology does not provide for weeding and hilling and is more suitable for early potatoes, but not for hot regions where the ground under the film is unacceptably overheated;

• • For planting, from whom to buy seed potatoes, when and in what way to plant, how to prepare the soil; what means and methods to weed, huddle, process plants; what to do for the most efficient cleaning and long-term storage. You need to pay attention to the timing of planting, the width of the rows, the depth of the holes, the quality of the planting material, climatic conditions, the choice of methods and methods of planting, watering, etc.

Potato “haircut”

• • – The herbicide Lazurite is designed to protect corn, potatoes, lupine, tomato and some cereals from many types of weeds. But each culture has its own characteristics. On potatoes, Lazurite is used mainly after planting before germination at a rate of 7,5-10 g per hundred square meters. Or you can process seedlings with it at a height of up to 5 cm at the rate of 7,5 g per hundred square meters. The third option is a fractional double application: the first spraying is carried out before shoots at a rate of 5 g per hundred square meters, the second – at a potato height of 5 cm, the rate is 2,5-5 g per one hundred square meters.

• • Watering potatoes in our latitudes is practically not carried out. However, additional moisture is only beneficial to the soil – the development of common scab on the tubers is prevented, the damage to potatoes by gnawing scoops is reduced, and the cracking of tubers is reduced. Watering is best carried out from the budding stage to the ripening of the crop.

• • Dolomite flour (chalk is possible) – 5 kg

• • Do not break the shoots, carry out the procedure carefully.

Conditions for a good harvest

Potatoes require a lot of organic fertilizers (manure, peat, humus, compost) – 12 – 15 kg per 1 m2. In the taiga and forest-tundra zones in the developed areas, they are applied once every two to three years. This is best done during autumn digging. Manure is used only rotted or in compost.

To germinate potatoes in a humid environment, take ordinary boxes or baskets and pour wet sawdust or finely crushed peat on the bottom with a layer of 2 – 3 cm. Then put one row of tubers and again pour a layer of wet sawdust or peat. And so in layers to the very top of the box. The last layer should be sawdust or peat.

, Or the larva of the click beetle, lives in the ground and especially affects tubers, eating them through and causing decay, often accumulates in dung heaps, as well as in places where wheatgrass grows – traps made of potatoes, beets or carrots and placed on the territory of the site 10-15 days before planting, in order to collect larvae in them and destroy, which can be done when digging the soil;

To plant potatoes in boxes, you need to devote a lot of time to preparation: build containers with approximate: 30 cm high, 100-120 cm wide, unlimited length and 50-80 cm aisles; the boxes are filled with organic matter, tubers are planted there, further care is not required. The containers can be planted for several years by adding organic food to the settling soil, and after harvesting, sowing the box with green manure plants;

5 questions about potatoes

Planting potatoes is the first step in growing potatoes. The timing of planting potatoes should be determined not only by weather factors, but also by how other plants behave. Optimal for planting potatoes is considered to be the period when leaves bloom on birches, bird cherry trees begin to fly around and dandelions unfurl their “parachutes”. At this time, the soil is warmed up to the required 6-8 degrees, moderately moistened, loose enough and does not stick to the planting equipment. Early ripe potatoes can be planted a little earlier to get the right harvest. It should be remembered that if the potatoes are planted too late, they will also not give the proper offspring.

– The fact that the plants were overfed with fertilizers containing a high percentage of nitrogen (i.e., not necessarily only nitrogen), for example, bird droppings or slurry.

When removing the buds, it happened to pinch the tops of the stems, and, as I noticed, axillary shoots – stepchildren – began to appear on them after 3-4 days. Having followed the development of new shoots, I was convinced that they contribute to an increase in the leaf surface of the bush, which is important for the harvest. The stems thicken and do not lodge, the bush turns out to be compact, it is distinguished by increased vitality.

The reason for the death of potatoes in the above case, most likely, is an overestimated rate of application of the drug. Any herbicide should be applied with a sprayer (never with a watering can or by spraying with a broom). Before starting work, you need to calibrate the sprayer in clean water: pour 5-10 liters of water into it and process 1-2 hundred parts of any surface. About 3-5 liters of water are consumed per hundred square meters – depending on the characteristics of the sprayer.

Do I need to feed the potatoes to fill the tubers?

Boric acid – 40 g

Potato care includes measures to protect it from frost and other factors. For this, the plants are protected by sheltering.

From the introduction of mineral fertilizers, the taste of the tubers and their safety in winter deteriorate, therefore, it is useful to add wood ash under the potatoes (0,5 – 0,7 kg per 1 m2). It reduces the acidity of the soil well, contains a lot of potassium and trace elements, which are so necessary for the growth of this crop on poor northern soils, and improves the quality of tubers.

Filled boxes are placed in a room where it is 10 – 12 ° C. Tubers can be germinated in a humid environment for 15 – 18 days, first at a temperature of 18 – 20, and before planting at 5 – 10 °. The room can be light or dark. This does not matter.

Medvedka

In barrels or bags, when a container filled with fertilized soil is placed in a lighted place and potatoes are planted in it on a small “pillow” from the soil, sprinkled with soil, and then it is added as the tops grow and even potatoes are planted in several tiers with sufficient sizes containers;

Before growing potatoes, you need to prepare the soil and planting material:

Now, every year I go out to plant potatoes with scissors and set the optimal height for plants: for early and mid-early varieties – 60-70 cm, mid-season and late – 70-80 cm.The sooner you pinch the stems, the faster new shoots will appear and even their branching will begin at the base of the stem. Such bushes (one important condition – the row spacing should be at least 90 cm) have a good root system and high productivity.

It is desirable to process in the evening in calm weather.

Spring frosts are not scary!

If the soil is fertile and well filled with fertilizers (organic and mineral), it is not necessary to feed. On poor soils, it is advisable to apply nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 15-20 kg per 1 ha.

Composition of mixture No. 1 for alkaline soil:

We are waiting for the potatoes to grow up to 15-20 cm. Then we can carry out more deep loosening. The hoe is also used for hilling seedlings. The bud is raked to the tops with a tool (hoe). It is necessary to achieve a mound around the bush. But do not forget to assess the level of aridity. Hot weather excludes deep loosening. Hilling potatoes is especially forbidden – this will not make it difficult to lose moisture.

Weeds – fight!

They start planting potatoes when the soil at a depth of 7 cm warms up to 7 °. Delay results in significant crop loss. In addition, the starch content in the tubers is reduced. With late (after June 11) and extended planting dates, seedlings are late and the growing season is shortened. You should not be afraid of spring frosts. Usually they happen when the potatoes have not yet had time to sprout.

In the future, make sure that the top layer of sawdust or peat is always wet. Therefore, as it dries, it is sprayed with water.

, As well as its larvae harm potatoes, gnawing everything that comes across in their way; they begin to spread from the wettest places of the field, quickly multiplying and mastering ever large areas – like a wireworm, a bear can be lured out of manure with traps, removing and burning them every 2,5 weeks, or poisoning it with medvetox granules;

In mounds, replacing the usual long rows and representing hills with a diameter of about 2 m, along the perimeter of which holes are arranged with a step of 25-40 cm, they are sprinkled with soil, and in the middle there is a mandatory depression for irrigation.

Mulch will retain moisture

Traditionally, in autumn, large farms carry out autumn plowing of the land with fertilizers to a depth of 30 cm; if the previous cultivated crop was cereals or legumes, as well as one- and perennial grasses, then a few weeks before fall plowing, additional peeling is carried out to a depth of 6 to 14 cm, depending on the type of weeds to be eradicated; in early spring, harrowing is carried out to a depth of 5-7 cm, and after a week, loosening with a cultivator (to achieve homogeneity of heavy loamy soils, milling cultivators are used, and, if necessary, they separate stones and lumps);

Each plant needs additional feeding, but they are not carried out when necessary. For example, potatoes “whet your appetite” after dinner. Therefore, it is better to feed him in the late afternoon. This is what my grandmother, my mother, and now I did. The harvest is always good!

Don’t mess with herbicides!

Drought relief

Does hilling benefit?

Gypsum – about 5 kg

If we are talking about hot weather, then it is better to carry out the procedure – inter-row processing, from 5 – 6 cm in depth. As soon as the rains pass, you need to return to normal procedure. The best option is 22 degrees. A rising temperature is a slowdown in plant growth. So the cultivation of potatoes in the country is recommended.

The yield of potatoes is completely dependent on the density of planting. Plants are placed 35 cm in a row and 70 cm between rows. Moreover, there are one hundred and eight bushes on one hundred square meters.

Mustard + weeds

When tubers are germinated in a humid environment, in addition to sprouts 2 – 3 cm in size, roots up to 7 – 8 cm long grow on them. Wet germination begins 20 – 25 days before planting potatoes.

Caterpillars

The main care of potato beds after planting can be divided into several main components: weeding, hilling and loosening.High-quality soil preparation is impossible without the introduction of fertilizers, which must be distributed evenly over the entire area of ​​the site and covered with earth no more than 5 hours later; under potatoes, the soil can be fertilized with minerals:

At the root!

I noticed: potatoes adapt well to stress from lack of water if foliar spraying of tops is carried out with a 1% solution of potassium chloride. If the drought continues, the treatment should be repeated after 7-8 days. As a result – an increase in the yield of 20-25%.

In early June, I cut off the grown mustard and laid it around the grown potato bushes. To restore soil fertility, she sowed oats in the aisles. In the future, instead of hilling, I put weed and dried weeds under the potato bushes. This mulch retains moisture after watering and protects the soil from overheating during the July heat.

High hilling of potatoes has a beneficial effect on the development of the root system, stolons. And this leads to a high yield – the greening of tubers decreases and the damage to tubers by late blight decreases by 5-10 times.

Borax or boric acid – 60 g or 40 g, respectively.

“Haircut”: pros and cons

The essence of the method lies in narrow beds and fertilizing plants with special mixtures No. 1, No. 2. Exact observance of all the rules will give you 150 sq. M. meters up to 700 kg of potatoes.

During planting, a shallow hole is made with a shovel or a hoe, two handfuls of organic fertilizers are applied, mixed with the ground, the tuber is placed and covered with soil. The soil layer above it should not be more than 5 – 7 cm: with shallow embedding, the soil near the tuber warms up faster and shoots appear more amicably. In the conditions of the North, the rows are located from north to south, so they are better illuminated and warmed up. If the site is located on a slope, then to delay the precipitation, rows are placed across it.

Combined germination consists in the fact that the tubers are first vernalized in the light for 25 – 30 days, and then, with small sprouts, are transferred for 10 – 15 days into a humid environment (in a box with sawdust or peat) to obtain roots. The first 8 – 10 days the temperature is maintained within 12 – 15, in the last 5 – 6 days it is reduced to 5 – 10 °. Tubers prepared in this way have strong sprouts and a well-developed root system. They are accustomed to low temperatures, so they sprout quickly in the field, grow better and give a good harvest.

Scoops can infect up to 30% of the tops, their larvae are more dangerous, gnawing multiple passages in the leaves, less often in the trunks and even potato tubers, causing infection with other microorganisms, especially rot – decis and cymbush are chemically effective against them. The main article is potato pests.

Weeding, or loosening with harrowing, is carried out about a week after planting, when the removal of weeds is most effective. In addition to cleaning the soil from excess plants at this stage, small ridges are formed above the plantings.

“Coins” in the harvest box

A) nitrogen (ammonium sulfate, carbamide, potassium nitrate, UAN) – in the spring during cultivation, b) phosphorus (superphosphate, ammophos) – in the fall on heavy soils and in spring on light ones, c) potassium (granular, coarse-grained or fine potassium chloride , mixed potassium salt) – in the fall, d) and during the growing season – with complex foliar nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium dressings.

Can pigeon droppings be used for potatoes? In what doses?

SOS – late blight

Mix No. 2.

Planting potatoes along the Meathlider makes it possible to harvest 2 times per season in the southern regions. In addition, narrow ridges take up less space than regular ridges, but they provide higher yields. Thanks to such beds, the plants sprout quickly and amicably, and also ripen almost simultaneously.

Some gardeners prefer square-nesting (70 × 70 cm) instead of ordinary planting. First, 300 g of organic-ash mixture is introduced into the hole, and then two tubers are put. With a square-nested method of planting, the plants are better illuminated, the tubers develop faster.

What is the best way of vernalization? The effectiveness of different methods of pre-planting potatoes is shown in the table:

Correct organization of potato watering, its timely implementation (which requires constant monitoring of soil moisture) is one of the main conditions for effective potato cultivation. The main article is watering potatoes.

During hilling, the ridges should reach about 20 cm in height and should be carried out when shoots have already appeared. Particular attention must be paid to the looseness of the soil to properly supply the tubers with air.

Ashes are also more often recommended as fertilizers and, less often, peat composts or straw humus, it is better to lay them in the fall so as not to overload the soil, and before planting, you can add onion husks to further protect plants from the Colorado potato beetle.

Egor Kurulenko, Borisov

It has been scientifically established that varieties containing a low amount of protein (1,2-1,4%) in tubers are the most susceptible to late blight, and varieties containing up to 3,5% protein are the most resistant. Therefore, I advise you to grow high-protein varieties (for example, Nevsky, Svitanok Kievsky, Lugovskoy, Zarevo, Charodey, Temp).

TIP

Nitroammofoska (marking 17-17-17) – 3 kg

On a plot of 1 hundred square meters, narrow ridges will occupy about a third of the entire area, but their owner will be given 15% more harvest compared to a hundred square meters planted in the usual way. Thus, you can get not only an increased yield of vegetables and root crops, but also spend much less effort on cultivating the land. High output is ensured by balanced feeding, regular watering and good illumination, which is obtained through wide aisles.

Together with potatoes (under every other plant), it is recommended to plant two bean seeds. Due to it, the soil is enriched with nitrogen. In addition, the yield of beans is additionally obtained.

To break or not to break?

Tuber germination method

When watering potatoes, wide-coverage sprinklers, drum-type machines can be used, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation can be used. Drip irrigation of potatoes, due to its advantages, has been used more and more often in recent years. The main article is drip irrigation.

Loosening itself is required after rains, when the soil is compacted and settles. In rare cases, when there are too many weeds, the soil is treated with herbicides.

On average, three weeks before planting, you need to start heating or germination (for early ripening varieties) of tubers: for heating, the potatoes are laid out in 3-5 layers on a straw bed and covered with a film, sprinkling with straw additionally to diffuse light, for planting this seed should sprouts begin to break through; germination is carried out in boxes, where the potatoes are laid out in 2-3 layers, they provide access to light and a temperature of 8 to 18 degrees, the length of the sprouts should be optimally 1 cm for planting; if mechanical planters are to be used, the prepared potatoes must be sorted by size.

– Pigeon manure, like chicken manure, is a complete fast-acting fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a form readily available to plants. The content of nutrients in it depends on the feed that the birds ate, as well as on the method and duration of storage. However, pigeon manure in its natural state cannot be used as a fertilizer – it stays in the soil for a long time without decomposing, causing rotting of the roots and stems of plants. But it makes an excellent liquid fertilizer, to which plants respond quickly.

Scab moss

: Cold can be survived – drought is much worse for potatoes. I save it by proper hilling: I make the comb not sharp, but a “cap”, that is. in the center I form a hole for watering, into which I pour 1 liter per plant. If the drought is prolonged, I water it every 7-10 days.

: At a plant height of 10-12 cm, potatoes are spud. Do it after the rain. It is better not to carry out loosening and hilling in dry weather.

Top dressing – after lunch

Magnesium sulfate – 230-450 g

This method of growing “second bread”, which is what the people call potatoes, attracts with the opportunity to get a rich harvest already in the first year of using the technology. Of course, at first it will be very difficult, since you will need to plan and level the site, clear it of weeds and rhizomes. Then you need to break the ridges, which subsequently do not change places, and the aisles are never dug up.

In low and damp places, in northern conditions, potatoes are planted not on a flat surface, but on ridges up to 20 cm high. For this, shallow grooves are first made on the site, where organic fertilizers are placed. They are then sealed with soil from the sides of the grooves, forming steam ridges up to 15 cm high.Tubers are laid out on the oval surface of the ridge and soil from the row spacing is covered by another 5 cm.

Productivity from 100 m2, kg

Before harvesting potatoes, it is recommended to put in order the place of the intended storage of the crop – to carry out disinfection and preventive maintenance of the equipment. When harvesting potatoes, among other things, you need to take into account the ripening time of the selected potato variety in order to check its ripeness in time by digging out one or two bushes. The main sign of potato readiness is its free separation from stolons. If the stolons are still “alive”, it is worth letting the tubers ripen. Harvesting begins when the time comes for the complete withering away of the tops. First, it is harvested, pre-treated with a fungicide in less than a week, in order to exclude infection of the tubers with any infection from the leaves. It is also recommended to use desiccation – to chemically dry the tops so that all the juices from it pass into the tubers before harvesting and the potatoes thus ripen completely. The removal of potatoes from the ground is carried out no earlier than a week after desiccation.

Loosening should also be done the next day after evening watering, which is relevant in case of dry weather during the period of tuber formation in a volume of about 3 liters per 1 m2.

It is also not recommended to cut the planting material in order to avoid the spread of infection with fungal and other tuberous infections.

Dissolution and fermentation of the droppings is rather slow, about 2-3 weeks. Dilute it in a ratio of 1:10. Stir the droppings in water daily and use only the fermented mixture. Potatoes can be fed before the first and second hilling. Add 1 liter of fermented manure to a bucket of water – consumption per 1 running meter.

Good care – great harvest!

It has been proven that scab more often affects potatoes on alkaline soils. To increase the acidity and thereby protect the potatoes from this scourge, I put moss under each tuber when planting. But first I process it.

Borax or boric acid – 5-15 g

So, we arrange the beds.After planting potatoes, it often rains, the soil becomes compacted, and dries up with the onset of hot weather. In such cases, a week after planting, the soil between the rows or ridges is loosened. When shoots appear, a second loosening is carried out. Plants with a height of 15 – 20 cm are hilled for the first time, and the second – during the budding period.

In the world

Mechanically, but delicately, early potatoes can be harvested using trailed machines equipped with adjustable shares and knives, as well as a sieving conveyor belt and containers. Other varieties of potatoes are subject to harvesting by all kinds of potato diggers and potato harvesters designed for digging, sorting and transporting crops up to two tons.A special place in the care of potatoes is occupied by the fight against diseases and pests. Potato diseases are very diverse and can be divided into four main groups:There are many ways of planting potatoes now: both traditional, customary when growing potatoes on an industrial scale, and new ones, invented for the special conditions of small farms. First of all, a distinction is made between a manual method of planting potatoes and a mechanical one with the help of a whole series of special equipment. These are potato sorting machines, dividing seed material into three fractions, and 1-4-row potato planters, and telescopic loaders are used to load the planters, which are also suitable for transporting potatoes to any point.It is advisable to fertilize after rain in order to “force” the solution to fall deeper into the soil.

Planting potatoes

I pour 200-7 buckets of water into a barrel (8 l), add 1,5 kg of superphosphate (after dissolving it in hot water), 2 kg of potassium, 1 kg of urea and fill it to the top with moss. I tamp it tightly. I insist for two days.

In the past, it was limited to only one root dressing, combining it with the first watering of potatoes. And for the second and third time he watered the plantings along the aisles. In the end, he decided to partially change the technology. He began to carry out top dressing a second time simultaneously with watering and after hilling the potatoes.

• • A good and cheap way to protect early potatoes from frost is to huddle the emerging seedlings with a “head”. If there is no time for this, you can sprinkle the area and cover it with construction or other film, old bedspreads or rolls of corrugated paper. The main thing is to remove the cover the next morning when the frost has receded.

• • Ammonium molybdate – about 1,5 g

We make the strips of the ridges strictly straight and arrange them from north to south. With a significant slope of the ridge section, we make it across the slope, thereby, as it were, forming a kind of steps.

In order to close the moisture in the root layer, hilling is carried out only after rain. In the dry season, the second hilling can be replaced by loosening the row spacings with a slight raising of the ridges. Loosening and hilling is combined with weeding.

For longer and better storage of potatoes, it is also necessary to immediately separate whole tubers from those damaged by equipment, pests or diseases, dry them and finally clean them of impurities.

Mushroom – late blight of tops and tubers, rhizoctinosis, common scab, alternaria, potato cancer, dry and wet rot;

Choosing from three traditional methods of planting potatoes, you must first take into account the type of soil:

• • I put moss in the holes, not sparing: the larger and softer the “pillow”, the more reliably the potatoes will be protected. And not only from scab: moss retains moisture well, which means that the crop is not threatened by drought.

• • I cut off the bottoms of the plastic bottles and, having opened the corks, set the containers between the bushes with the neck down, slightly pressing them into the soil. For stability, I immediately stick the pins (iron, plastic, wooden) into the neck to a depth of 30-40 cm and fill the bottles with water. Then I remove the pins, and all the water through the holes already made instantly goes down, moistening the root system of neighboring bushes.

• • But it is better to cover it with agrofibre, for example, spunbond.

• • Potatoes are very sensitive to light: if you shade it a little, the yield drops by half. Well, plants planted in the shade will never give you good large root crops. However, there is one caveat – at temperatures above 30 ° C, the tubers do not grow. In order to somehow support the potatoes, with prolonged heat, they begin to feed each week with mixture No. 2 (25 g per linear meter) until the weather is favorable.

• • For the row spacing, we leave 90-100 cm, for spreading plant varieties, the distance is increased to 110 cm.

To accelerate growth and development, potato plants are fed with a solution of mullein or bird droppings. It is introduced into shallow grooves made around the bush at a distance of 10 cm. A bucket of such a solution (10 l) is spent on ten bushes, after which the grooves are covered with soil. Organic top dressing is rich in nitrogen, which promotes the growth of the haulm. Therefore, they should be carried out as early as possible, before the first hilling.

Alternative methods of planting potatoes

The same 33 days

• • After harvesting, potatoes are sorted, in some cases washed or cleaned. To obtain a high margin during the sale, the potatoes are sent for storage. Potato prices are traditionally low during the period of the most active harvesting – September-first half of October. In the off-season, especially from December to May, they can increase by 2-3 times. Potatoes are stored in specialized potato storage facilities.

• • Bacterial – ring rot, black leg;

• • A smooth planting is suitable for areas with well-warmed, moderately loose and moist soil, here it is enough just to outline the rows and make shallow holes along them, where to place the seed potatoes;

• • Thanks to careful care, I harvest a good harvest of potatoes every year.

• • Then, in each bottle from a watering can I fill in a previously prepared top dressing (1 liter of green slurry or mullein infusion and 2 tablespoons of ash per 10 liters of water). One bucket of such feeding is enough for 10 bushes. To speed up the process, it is better to use 10 bottles at the same time at the rate of 1 liter per bush, carrying out feeding as if by conveyor.

Care for the potato field

Potatoes grow well at 20-22 ° C, that is, in the morning and late in the evening. Remember that after flowering, every day increases the yield. The tops of early varieties begin to age after flowering, mid-season ones – in the second half of August. If the tops are too large and thick, they can be made to age by simply tipping them to one side. Dug up tubers after 18 days. If late blight is raging in the garden, the tops must be mowed at a height of 15 cm (so the juices will go into the root crops).

The standard bed width is 45 cm, in length – up to 9 m.

The first time young potatoes are harvested at the end of July. To do this, from the strongest bushes in the tuberization zone, on the one hand, the largest tubers are selected by touch. If the soil is dry, then after digging the bushes are watered. A few days later, dig in the other side of the bush.

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Before selling, potatoes are packed in a vegetable net, most often in purple or in polypropylene bags (for early potatoes). How to choose the right vegetable net depending on the purpose (transportation, storage, implementation), not to be mistaken by the supplier and be sure of the quality – in the article at the link –

• • Viral, manifested in the form of banded and wrinkled mosaics, curliness, spotting, curling of leaves;

• • Waterlogged soil with groundwater, as well as rapidly compacting heavy soils that impede air circulation in the tubers, are most suitable for ridge planting, when potatoes are planted in about 15 cm embankments with a distance between rows of about 70 cm;

• • The first time I feed it with urea (25 g per 10 L of water), the second – with potassium sulfate (20 g per 10 L), and after flowering – with superphosphate (30 g per 10 L of hot water).

• • How to feed potatoes for filling tubers?

The main task in the difficult fight against weeds on potatoes is to destroy them before the seeds ripen, without waiting for the wind to blow them all over the site.

Potato pests

The potatoes are dug out when the green part of the plants is completely dry. Moreover, experienced gardeners over the next three weeks use the land as a storehouse for not dug tubers. After harvesting, the crop is kept for about two weeks in a dark, dry room. Before laying them for winter storage, the potatoes are washed and dried well – they are better stored in their pure form.

• • Before planting, the strips are dug up together with fertilizers: mixture No. 1 – no more than 100 grams per running meter; mixture No. 2 – no more than 50 g per running meter.The greatest increase in potato yield is observed in the last decade of August. By the end of the first decade of September, it decreases by almost 3 times. At this time, it is necessary to begin its massive cleaning. If by the beginning of the mass harvesting the tops remain green, they are mown the day before.

• • Deviations caused by external factors (excess or lack of nitrogen, potassium, moisture or oxygen).Potatoes are planted in trenches on sandy, poorly moistened soils, so the planting material goes deeper into the soil, where precipitation is retained longer.

• • Helps to harvest a good harvest and such a solution: 2 tbsp. ash, 1 liter of fermented mullein per 10 liters of water. In all cases, I feed after rain or before watering (0,5 liters under a bush).Gennady Kovrov, Lutsk

• • Several years ago, numerous articles by amateur gardeners appeared that supposedly increase the potato yield by 20-30% can be very simple – to cut off the flowers.I have made a device that helps to deal with separately growing weeds. To do this, he took an unnecessary table knife, cut off the tip of the blade on a sharpener and made a fork, the inner sides of which he sharpened.

Watering potatoes

June 15, 2014

On each bed, on both sides, we make 10-centimeter sides of the earth: they will facilitate watering and weed control. There should be 30 centimeters between them.

Harvesting potatoes

It is interesting to grow potatoes in the country in spite of everything. Such a stage as cultivation follows the actual planting. Disembarkation is also an interesting process. It must be considered separately.

In a humid environment for 28 days

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Some of the diseases are quarantined and require the complete destruction of the crop and the cessation of the cultivation of products susceptible to this disease, for example, potato cancer, for several years.

There are several general conditions for any of the above methods:Alexander MAKARENKO, p. Aleksandrovka, Belgorod Region– There are no special means for filling tubers. With a weak development of plants, you can apply general strengthening root and foliar dressing – fermented infusions of herbs and fertilizers based on humus and peat.

I think it is crazy to carry out a similar operation on potatoes of different varieties without exception. Try cutting off flowers completely, for example in early varieties. You will actually get a lot of tubers. But what size? I don’t think you will be satisfied with the abundance of peas.