Shahararrun akuya

Mutum ya kwashe shekaru dubbai yana kiwon awaki. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da bukatar kiyayewa, suna ba da madara, ulu, fata, da nama a lokaci guda. A cikin ƙarnuka da yawa, zaɓaɓɓun kiwo ya haifar da nau’ikan awaki daban-daban. Za mu yi magana game da su a wannan labarin.

Shahararrun akuya

Abin da ke cikin labarin:

Rarraba nau’in akuya

Akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan awaki daban-daban. Dangane da matakin zaɓi, nau’in ya kasu zuwa:

• Na farko ko na gida
• masana’antu ko masana’anta
• Rikici

Duwatsu na farko na gida sune mafi dadewa. Suna da wuya, unpretentious, amma suna da ƙananan yawan aiki. Akuyoyin masana’antu sun ƙware sosai, suna samar da madara, nama ko ulu. Suna buƙatar kiyaye su ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa. Bambance-bambancen sauye-sauye suna da alaƙa da yanayin tsarin tsari, matsakaicin yawan aiki da kyakkyawan juriya.

Don dacewa, yi amfani da rarrabuwar tattalin arziki. Ya dogara ne akan halayen aikin dabba. Nauyin akuya sun kasu zuwa:

• Kiwo
• Woolen
• Downy
• Nama
• Park
• fatun
• Gauraye tare da shugabanci biyu ko sau uku na yawan aiki.

Za a ba da cikakken bayanin da yawa daga cikin shahararrun nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i a kasa. Bayan karanta gajerun halayen su, zaku iya zaɓar mafi dacewa da kanku.

Saanen ya zubo

Awaki na irin Saanen na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma shahararru. An haife su a Switzerland ɗaruruwan shekaru da suka gabata ta hanyar zaɓin manoma. Suna cikin masana’antar kiwo. Awaki na nau’in Saalen suna da sauƙin bambanta a cikin hoton, suna da girma, tare da farin ulu, babban nono. 75% na dabbobi ba su da ƙaho. Nauyin mace ya kai 50-60 kg, maza – 75-85 kg. Yawan amfanin madara na awaki shine mafi kyau a duniya, a matsakaici, mutum ɗaya yana ba da lita 1000-1200 a kowace shekara, rikodin shine lita 3507. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu wani nau’in da ya iya doke shi. Lactation yana daga 280 zuwa 360 kwanaki a shekara; a cikin mata bakarare, yana iya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru biyu.

Saanen ya zubo

Ana bambanta awakin Zaalen da yawan haihuwa, sau da yawa yara 2-3 suna bayyana a cikin mata. Kwayoyin halittar kiwo suna wucewa ta hanyar layin uba, don haka ana amfani da maza sau da yawa don haɓaka haɓakar sauran nau’ikan. Awaki suna abokantaka, ba masu tayar da hankali ba. Ba su da fa’ida a cikin abun ciki, kodayake adadin madara ya dogara da ingancin abinci. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa wannan nau’in awaki ba shi da wari, saboda ana iya ajiye shi ko da a cikin ƙaramin yanki. Nonon akuya shima yana da kamshi mai dadi. Takin maza ne kawai ke iya samun wari mara daɗi, saboda haka ana ajiye su a cikin alkaluma daban-daban. Dangane da nau’in Zaalenskaya, an haifi nau’in Znamenskaya, Poltava, Oryol.

Nau’in fari na Rasha

Irin nau’in awaki na Rasha shine ya fi kowa a kasar mu. Hotuna da bayanin dabbobi suna da sauƙin samun ta hanyar zuwa kowane dandalin tattaunawa. An samo shi ta hanyar ketare nau’in Turai da na gida. Ya kasance na hanyar kiwo, ulu da fata na waɗannan awaki kuma suna da daraja. Girman awakin ƙananan ne, nauyinsu shine 35-50 kg. Yawancin nau’ikan suna da dogon gashi, amma akwai kuma masu gajeren gashi. Launi fari ne, wanda aka tabbatar da hotuna masu yawa akan gidan yanar gizo. Domin shekara guda suna ba da lita 350-500 na madara tare da mai abun ciki na 4-5%. Awaki suna girma a shekara takwas. Akuyoyi sun bambanta da haihuwa, yara 100-160 a kowace mace 200.

Irin farar akuya na Rasha

Irin nau’in awakin gida na Rasha ba shi da fa’ida a cikin abun ciki, wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayi mai tsauri. Ana samun shi a yankunan tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Rasha. Adadin dabbobin ya zarce kai miliyan daya. Baya ga madara, ana amfani da su don samun ulu, ƙasa da fata. Chevro da sauran nau’ikan samfuran fata masu daraja ana yin su ne daga fatar awaki. Kwanan nan, an gudanar da zaɓi mai aiki na wannan nau’in. Ya yiwu a sami awaki na Leningrad, Moscow, Valdai, Ryazan, Volgograd iri. Sun fi nauyi kuma madara mafi kyau.

Gorno-Altai irin

Nauyin akuya na Gorno-Altai shine irin na farko da aka samu ta hanyar zaɓin kimiyya a Rasha. Kakanninsa su ne nau’in Altai (awaki) da nau’in Don (awaki). Akuyoyin tsaunin Altai suna cikin hanyar ƙasa da ulun. Rigar su tana da matsakaicin tsayi, 75% ƙasa da 25% gashi mai laushi. Launi na mafi yawan dabbobi baƙar fata ne, ƙasa yana da launin toka mai launin toka, kama da launi na ragon Romanov. Don aski ɗaya, ana samun gram 300-400 na ɗanɗano daga ƙananan dabbobi, gram 500-700 daga awaki manya, da gram 800-100 daga awaki. Nama yana da halaye masu kyau, matsakaicin yawan amfanin sa shine 50-55%. Yawan amfanin madara yana da ƙasa, a matsakaici, akuya na samar da 500-5500 ml na madara kowace rana, kuma 80-100 lita kowace shekara.

irin kiwo

Irin Gorno-Altai sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga masana’antun samfuran ƙasa. Ana amfani da ƙasa ta masana’antar saƙa ta Orenburg, wacce ke samar da shahararrun shawls na Orenburg. Ana amfani da fata don yin samfuran Jawo. Awaki sun shahara a Altai, a yankunan kudanci da tsaunuka na Rasha. Ana yin kiwo a Kazakhstan, Mongoliya, gonakin Sinawa kuma suna sayen awakin. Dabbobi suna da tsayayya da cututtuka, marasa ma’ana a kiyayewa. Suna daidai jure yanayin yanayin tsaunuka, dampness, sanyi. Duk shekara zagaye za a iya grazed a kan dutse makiyaya, awaki ba su warware abinci. Babu wani wari mara daɗi a wuraren da ake tsare da su, wanda ke sa irin su fi shahara.

Alpine irin

Ana kiwon awaki masu tsayi a cikin Amurka bisa ga duwatsun Turai. Wannan nau’in akuyar kiwo ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi shahara a Amurka. Yana da nau’i-nau’i iri-iri – Birtaniya, Swiss, Faransanci da Rock. Ya bambanta da launi na asali, ulu ya bambanta, baki, fari da ja. Wadannan dabbobi suna da kyau a cikin hoton. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa nau’in ya sami suna na biyu “Alpine Multicolor”. Nauyin dabbobin shine 60-80 kg, nau’in ba shi da ƙaho kuma yana da abokantaka sosai.

Irin goat mai tsayi

Akuyoyin da aka ƙware suna ba da madara duk shekara. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin su shine lita 1700, abun ciki mai madara shine 3,1-3,7%. Har zuwa lita 4,5 na madara mai dadi ana samun su daga mata masu girma a kowace rana. A lokaci guda kuma, dabbobi ba su da fa’ida, suna iya ci hay da kiwo a wuraren kiwo. Awaki suna da tsayayya da cututtuka, suna rayuwa a cikin kowane yanayi na yanayi, babu wani wari mara kyau a cikin alkalama.

Angora irin

An san irin nau’in akuya na Angora shekaru aru-aru. An yi kiwo ne a Turkiyya, daga nan aka zo Turai, Afirka ta Kudu, Amurka har ma da Ostiraliya. Mohair wanda ya shahara a duniya an yi shi ne daga ulu. Goat Angora yana da ƙananan girman, matsakaicin nauyi shine 35 kg, don awaki – 57 kg. Dabbobi suna kaho, an runtse kunnuwansu kamar ‘yan kunne. ulun awaki yana da lanƙwasa kuma dogaye, igiyoyi sun rataye ƙasa. Kalar yawanci fari ne. Ƙananan na kowa sune mutane masu launin beige, launin toka ko azurfa. Wool yana girma da sauri, har zuwa 2,5 cm kowace wata. Yana da tsaka-tsaki kuma mai daɗi ga taɓawa, na roba, mai ƙarfi da sauƙin sarrafawa.

awaki angora

An haifi nau’in Angora akan sikelin masana’antu. Ga Afirka ta Kudu, New Zealand, da wasu jihohin Amurka, noman waɗannan awakin ya zama babban alkiblar kiwo. Dabbobi ba su da fa’ida ga abinci, suna kiwo a cikin garken shanu ko dawakai, tare da wasu nau’ikan iri. Da son rai ku ci matasa shrubs da harbe na bishiyoyi, musamman son itacen oak. Ana shekar awaki sau biyu a shekara, a cikin bazara da kaka. A kasashen da ke da sanyi, ana tsallake askin kaka. Domin shekara guda, ana iya samun kilogiram 3,5-5,5 na ulu daga dabba ɗaya. Ingancin ya dogara da nau’in ciyarwa. Idan awaki suka ci ciyawa, gashin ya zama siriri da taushi. A kan koren fodder ko hatsi, ya yi laushi kuma ya yi kiba. Ana amfani da nau’in Angora sosai a cikin kiwo. A kan tushensa, an kiwo wasu nau’ikan awakin Fergana.

swoon irin

Ana yin wannan nau’in asali na asali a cikin Amurka. An yi imani da cewa lokacin da aka tsorata, wannan akuya ya yi kamar ya mutu, ya fadi a bayansa. A gaskiya wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Dabbobi suna fama da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta – myotonia na muscular. Lokacin da suka firgita ko kuma suna cikin matsanancin damuwa na motsin rai, awaki suna fuskantar kumburin tsoka wanda ke dawwama na daƙiƙa da yawa. Irin wannan cuta ita ce halayyar dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa, ciki har da mutane. Ba kamar sauran dabbobi ba, awaki ba sa rasa hayyacinsu yayin kamawa.

Suma (Myotonic) awaki

Ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Idan aka haye akuya mai suma da lafiyayyan akuya, zuriyar za ta samu lafiya. Myotonia zai bayyana a cikin ƙarni na biyu ko na uku. A baya can, ana kiwon awaki don wani nau’in kariya na garken. Wata akuya maras lafiya ta fadi ta zama ganima mai sauki ga mafarauci. A wannan lokacin, sauran garken sun yi nasarar tserewa. Yanzu ana amfani da dabbobi don dalilai na ado, sau da yawa suna yin wasan kwaikwayo. An yi la’akari da nau’in mai daraja, saboda haka yana ƙarƙashin kariya.

Pridon irin

Irin na Pridonskaya yana daya daga cikin mafi kyau dangane da yawan aiki. Wannan nau’in awaki mai ƙasa da ƙasa, a cikin zaɓin wanda Angora da nau’ikan gida suka shiga. Yana da amfani sosai, yana samar da kusan 64% mai tsabta, mai inganci ƙasa daga ulun. Nauyin yana da nau’in launin toka da fari. Farar awaki sun fi daraja ƙasa, amma ƙasa da shi. Mutum ɗaya yana ba da gram 930-1500 na fluff a kowace shekara, yayin da launin toka yana ba da gram 1000-2000.

Nauyin mace ya kai 35-40 kg, namiji – 60-70 kg. Yawan aiki na madara – lita 170 a kowace shekara, abun ciki mai madara daga 3,5 zuwa 8%. Akuya na da yawan hayayyafa, yawancinsu kan haifi tagwaye, wani lokacin ma har uku ake samunsu. Awaki suna girma da sauri, a cikin shekara daya da rabi sun kai girman girma. Mafi girman yawan aiki a cikin dabbobi na shekaru uku, hudu. Lokacin da ƙasa da ulu suka rasa ingancinsu saboda tsufa, dole ne a yanka akuya.

Damascus awakin Shami

Nau’in Damascus ko Shami na Siriya na cikin nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan iri ne masu yawa. Akuya suna auna kilogiram 60-90, awaki kuwa kilogiram 70-130. An yi kiwon dabbobi tsawon ƙarni da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Suna da asali na asali tare da bayanin martaba-ƙugiya, kunnuwa masu faɗuwa da dogon wuya. Yawancin suna da ƙaho, kodayake yanzu ana haɓaka nau’in polled mara ƙaho. Hanyar awaki ita ce duniya, a halin yanzu suna ci gaba da haɓaka bayanan madararsu.

Shami awaki

Akuyoyin Shami na zamani suna ba da madara lita 3-3,5 a rana, kuma lita 640-1100 a shekara. Lactation yana ɗaukar kwanaki 245-305. Mai abun ciki na madara shine 3,8-4,5%. Suna da girma sosai, mace ta haifi yara 2-3 a cikin rago ɗaya. Rago yana faruwa kowace shekara. Baya ga madara, awaki suna samar da ulu da ƙasa, fatun masu inganci, da nama. Shami ba su da fa’ida a cikin abun ciki, suna iya yin kiwo kyauta duk shekara, suna samun abinci ko da a busassun gangaren dutse. Mai jure wa cututtuka, rayuwa da ƙiyayya a kowane yanayi na yanayi.

Kalahari jan jinsi

An haifi irin jajayen akuya na Kalahari kwanan nan, kwata-kwata da suka wuce. Nauyin Boer da awaki na gida sun shiga cikin halittarsa. Waɗannan manyan dabbobi suna da kyawawan halaye. Suna girma da sauri, suna da nama maras daɗi. Matsakaicin nauyin awaki shine kilogiram 115, kananan awaki suna samun kiba da kilo daya da rabi a mako. Haihuwa a cikin dabbobi yana da yawa, a cikin rago ɗaya koyaushe akwai yara 2-3. Ana shayar da awaki sosai.

Gashi da fatar dabbobi suna da launin ruwan kasa, mai launin ja. Saboda tsananin launin launi, suna jurewa zafi sosai, komai ƙarfinsa. Domin irin akuyoyin Kalahari sun shahara a kasashe irin su Afirka ta Kudu, Mexico, Brazil. Ba mummunan kiwo ba shine savannah na Ostiraliya, hamadar Kenya, da busassun yankuna na tsakiyar Asiya.

Launi yana aiki azaman kyakkyawan ɓarna daga mafarauta. Awaki suna da juriya ga cututtuka, marasa fa’ida a abinci da kulawa. Hakazalika, abin da suke fitarwa yana da yawa, wanda ke sa kiwo masana’antu su sami riba.

Carpathian irin

An haifi nau’in Carpathian ko na Poland a cikin yankunan tsaunuka na Romania. Bayan lokaci, an fara maye gurbinsa da nau’ikan iri masu amfani, kuma ya kusan bace. Bayan ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata, an sami garke a Poland, kuma nau’in ya sami sabuwar rayuwa. Girman awakin yana da matsakaici, launinsu fari ne ko launin ruwan kasa. Kai karami ne, tare da ƙahoni, kunnuwa suna kunkuntar, nono yana da kyau.

Kulawa da kulawar…