Me ke shafar tsawon rayuwar akuya?

Kowane manomi novice yana so ya san adadin akuya nawa suke rayuwa kuma har zuwa wane shekaru yana da riba don kiyaye su. Wannan yana shafar ribar kiwon shanu. A cikin daji, tsawon rayuwa ya dogara da dalilai kamar kasancewar ruwa na kusa, abinci, har ma da mafarauta, amma a cikin gida, adadin tsawon rayuwa ya bambanta.

kididdigar rayuwar jinsin goat

Rayuwar awakin da ake ajiyewa a gonaki yana shafar mai shi da kansa – ya yanke shawarar lokacin yanka dabbar. Mafi sau da yawa, manufar kiwon dabbobi yana rinjayar tsawon lokaci – don nama, fluff, madara.

Akwai nau’ikan duniya. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da nau’in kiwo da nama. Tsawon rayuwarsu shine shekaru 12-15. Yawancin lokaci ana aika su don yanka a cikin shekaru 8-10, tun lokacin da yawan aiki ya ragu sosai, kuma naman ya zama tauri.

Nama

Waɗannan awaki ne masu ƙaƙƙarfan jiki da ƙarfi, galibi masu siffar ganga. An bambanta su da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafafu da ƙasusuwa masu ƙarfi. Nononsu ƙanana ne a cikin girman, tunda ana amfani da madarar nama artiodactyls na musamman don ciyar da zuriya.

Siffar sifa ita ce saurin saitin nauyi mai rai. Tsawon Rayuwa:

• m – shekaru 5;
• matsakaici – shekaru 8;
• mafi girma – 12-15 shekaru.

Tunda irin wannan nau’in akuya ana kiwon nama ne musamman don siyar da nama, sai an rage rai zuwa lokacin yanka. An yi la’akari da shekarun mai amfani daga 1.5 zuwa 2 shekaru. Banda shi ne akuyar sire. An bar shi har zuwa shekaru 6.

A wannan lokacin, manomi yana karɓar nama mafi ɗanɗano, inganci da lafiya. Idan an adana dabbobi fiye da shekaru 2, matsalolin rayuwa suna faruwa a jikinsu, cututtukan hanta suna tasowa, kuma carcinogens suna taruwa a cikin samfuran.

Naman yana samun wari mara kyau, tsari mai ƙarfi na fibrous.

Kitso da sauri yana buƙatar abinci mai kyau – mafi kyau shine, da zarar an aika akuya don yanka. Ana kiyaye dabbobin matasa har zuwa watanni 6-8.

Kiwo

Nau’in awaki na kiwo suna halin elongated jiki da faɗaɗa ƙirji. Suna da ɗan kitsen subcutaneous. A lokaci guda, baya da kafafu suna daidai daidai. Nono na roba ne, mai siffar pear kuma koyaushe yana da dumi. Nonuwa, ba kamar nau’in nama ba, suna da tsayi, haɓakar haihuwa yana ƙaruwa.

Saboda darajar madarar akuya, awakin kiwo a gonaki suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 16-17, amma bisa yanayin cewa ana kiyaye lactation na yau da kullun. Ana kiyaye awaki daga uwayen kiwo kawai har zuwa shekaru 5-6. A cikin daji, suna rayuwa a matsakaicin shekaru 10, saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Alamomin tsawon rai ga awakin kiwo:

• matsakaici – daga 2 zuwa 8;
• mafi girma – har zuwa 15.

An yi la’akari da shekarun da suka fi dacewa a matsayin lokacin daga 6 zuwa 8 shekaru, lokacin da zai yiwu a samar da matsakaicin adadin madara tare da kyawawan alamun inganci da darajar. A goat ne iya milked har zuwa shekaru 15-16, amma madara da ake samu raguwa a kan lokaci, dabba ke zuwa yanka.

Downy

Ana kiwon awaki mara nauyi don gashin gashi. Mafi sau da yawa, manoma suna sayen nau’in Angora – ya shahara da dogon gashi, wanda ke da yawan canjin zafi.

Siffofin Tsawon Rayuwa:

• matsakaicin bayanai – shekaru 9-12;
• matsakaicin tsawon shine shekaru 10-15.

Mafi kyawun lokaci ana ɗauka shine tsakanin shekaru 1 zuwa 5. A cikin shekaru 7 masu zuwa, ana amfani da gashin gashi don siyarwa, amma a cikin ƙananan yawa.

Dwarfish

Ƙananan awaki suna da nau’in m. Suna auna 28-30 kg kuma suna girma zuwa 40-50 cm (tsawon jiki har zuwa 70 cm). Dabbobin Dwarf sune nama da kiwo.

Bambance-bambancen shine cewa ba kasafai ake shayar da su ba kuma ana yanka su don nama, tunda ba su bambanta da ƙimar girma (nauyin jiki kaɗan ne, yawan amfanin nono yana da rauni). Ana kiwon su sau da yawa don jin daɗin kansu.

Kayan awaki na ado, a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20-25.

Abubuwan da ke shafar tsawon rai

Rayuwar awaki yana raguwa sosai idan an kiyaye su ba daidai ba, saboda suna fama da cututtuka akai-akai, gajiya, harin kwari, da dai sauransu. Rashin tsabta har ma yana taimakawa wajen mutuwar artiodactyls. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar abinci (abincin dabba yana dogara da shi).

Yanayi

Domin akuya ta rayu tsawon lokaci, dole ne a daidaita shi da wasu yanayi na yanayi. Akwai nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda aka tsara don Kudu da Arewacin kasar. Ya halatta a sami nau’ikan nau’ikan kudanci ga ‘yan arewa, tunda waɗannan wakilan awaki suna sauƙin dacewa da yanayin sanyi.

Dabbobin Arewa ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai dumi ba. Ba su yarda da zafi kwata-kwata.

Me yasa kuma kuke buƙatar yin la’akari da waɗannan fasalulluka:

• a karkashin sabanin yanayin yanayi, yawan aiki yana raguwa sosai – awaki suna haɓaka sannu a hankali, kada ku sami nauyin halayen nau’in kuma ba da madara kaɗan;
• dabbar ta fuskanci damuwa, wanda ke rage ci da rigakafi, wanda ke da alhakin jurewar jiki ga cututtuka.

ƙwararrun manoma sun san cewa dabbobin matasa sun fi dacewa da sabon wurin zama cikin sauƙi fiye da manya.

Siffofin Tsawon Rayuwa:

• a cikin yankunan Kudancin, yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin murjani ko rumfa ya kamata ya kasance daga + 20 zuwa + 28 ° C, wanda awakin zai rayu har zuwa shekaru 9-10;
• a Arewa, mafi kyawun tsarin zafin jiki shine daga + 13 zuwa + 21 ° C, tsammanin rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin shine shekaru 12-15.

Sharuddan tsarewa

Ba tare da kiyaye ka’idodin kiwo artiodactyls ba, ba shi yiwuwa a sami goat mai tsayi. Dabbobi masu girma, ba tare da la’akari da jinsi da manufa ba, yana ba da izinin tafiya na dabbobi a cikin makiyaya. A lokacin rani – a lokacin dukan yini, a cikin hunturu – iyakar 3 hours.

Wadanne yanayi dole ne a ƙirƙira don jin daɗin rayuwar shanu:

• don kada dabbobi su daskare a cikin hunturu, gina wani wuri mai dumi (wanda aka yi da bulo, shingen cinder, katako, da dai sauransu), idan ya cancanta, an rufe shi da rufi, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga yanayin sanyi;
• kusa da ganuwar, tabbatar da shirya gadaje tare da bambaro;
• kasa ya kamata ya zama katako kuma koyaushe mai tsabta (tsaftace sau da yawa daga tarkacen abinci, feces da fitsari);
• shaka idan babu tsarin samun iska (hauri daga stool kai ga maye);
• tsefe awaki, musamman masu kasala, in ba haka ba kwayoyin cuta za su fara a cikin ulu.

Abin da aka haramta sosai:

• bar dabbobi a cikin rumfa har tsawon yini;
• sanya su a cikin gida tare da bene na kankare kuma ba tare da gado ba (sawdust, shavings na itace, bambaro);
• da gangan rage sa’o’in hasken rana ta hanyar rufe su a cikin wani wuri mai duhu (ya kamata su sami akalla sa’o’i 10 na haske a kowace rana);
• bar fitilu a duk dare – awaki ya kamata su sami hutawa mai kyau.

Idan kun bi yanayin tsarewa, rayuwar goat da yawan amfanin sa yana ƙaruwa da shekaru 1-3.

Bukatun abinci mai gina jiki da ruwan sha

A cikin awaki, ba kamar sauran wakilan shanu ba, tsarin narkewa yana aiki a cikin yanayin haɓaka. Akwai buƙatu na musamman don inganci da adadin abinci.

Idan abincin bai dace ba:

• rage yawan aiki;
• aikin gastrointestinal tract yana kara tsanantawa;
• hakora suna faɗuwa da wuri;
• rushewar endocrine gland.

Gaba ɗaya, matsalolin lafiya suna haifar da gajeriyar rayuwar akuya.

Ana ciyar da abinci bisa ga jinsi, nau’in shekaru, yanayin ilimin lissafi da girman dabba. Kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki ya kamata ya biya duk buƙatun – abubuwan gina jiki, samar da makamashi, da dai sauransu.

Dokoki:

1. Ƙananan awaki. Ana sayar da su da madarar akuya har tsawon wata 4. A karo na farko, ana ba da colostrum bayan minti 40-60 bayan haihuwa, a cikin kwanaki 10 masu zuwa suna shan madara har sau 6 a rana (da farko, al’ada shine 80 g, amma kowace rana yana ƙaruwa da 20).
   Bugu da ari, ana amfani da ciyarwar sau 4 tare da adadin 300 g na madara a lokaci guda. Daga rana ta 1th, ana gabatar da porridge na ruwa (semolina, oatmeal, dankali mai dankali) a cikin adadin 15 g. A cikin kwanakin 200, ana ba da bran da abinci mai gina jiki.
2. Manyan mutane. Ga mutum ɗaya, ana buƙatar kimanin kilogiram 1 na abinci – hay, tushen amfanin gona, hatsin hatsi, bran, clover, abinci mai gauraye, sha’ir, hatsi. Tabbatar ba da ganyen kabeji, kabewa, ciyawa mai sabo.
3. Akuya masu ƙazanta. A lokacin daukar ciki, buƙatar abubuwan gina jiki suna ƙaruwa. Da safe kuna buƙatar ba da amfanin gona na tushen (mafi ƙarancin 500 g) da hatsi (kimanin g 200). Don abincin rana – 2 kilogiram na hay, don abincin dare – 100 g na hatsi da cake, hay, ciyawa mai laushi.
   Idan babu ganye, yi amfani da abinci mai granulated, amma an haramta ba da shi kwanaki 15 kafin haihuwa. Zai fi kyau a ciyar da hatsin ruwa na tushen bran, hatsi mai tururi da kuma tushen amfanin gona.
4. Dabbobin kiwo. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa (a cikin kwanaki 8), suna ba da haske da sauri abinci mai narkewa (wake, abinci mai ruwa, amfanin gona mai tushe, hay, ciyawa). Bugu da ari, abincin ba ya bambanta da na yau da kullum. Abincin yau da kullun – 3-4 kg.

Akuya yakamata su sami ruwa mai tsafta a kusa dasu. Dosage a kowace rana – 7-15 lita.

An haramta ba da abinci mai laushi ko alamun lalacewa. Wannan yana haifar da cututtuka.

Wasu dalilai

Babban sharuɗɗan tsawon rayuwar akuya shine abinci mai gina jiki da yanayin tsarewa. Amma akwai wasu dalilai kuma:

• yanayin tsabta na dabbobi – suna buƙatar wanke su (sau ɗaya a mako tare da maganin soda) da kuma tsefe don kada ƙugiya, ticks da sauran kwari ba su fara ba (yana da mahimmanci don yin rigakafi a kan lokaci, kuma idan parasites sun kasance. samu, bi da);
• sarari kyauta – kada a yarda da matsananciyar ƙarfi, saboda ba tare da motsi akai-akai ba, awaki sun zama masu raɗaɗi da raɗaɗi (mafi dacewa 1 sq. m kowace kai);
• yanayin kiwon lafiya na Rue goat – sau 2-4 a shekara, ana buƙatar disinfection na wuraren, kwandunan sha, masu ciyar da abinci da sauran kayan aiki (don haka, duk ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar cututtukan da ke barazanar rayuwa na goat an lalata su) ;
• cututtuka – ba tare da la’akari da ilimin asali na asali (cututtuka, marasa lafiya) suna haifar da rushewa a cikin aikin dukkanin gabobin ciki, wanda ya rage yawan aiki kuma yana ƙara haɗarin mutuwa.

Akwai matsalolin kiwo?

Babban matsalolin da ke shafar rayuwar dabbobin artiodactyl suna da alaƙa da lafiyar awaki. Amma wani lokacin akwai wasu matsaloli:

• shearing dabbobi – ba sa son hanyar, amma ya zama dole a cikin bazara, musamman a yankunan Kudancin (zazzagewar jiki a cikin makiyaya yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da cututtuka na zafi, har zuwa mutuwa);
• kiyaye lokacin jima’i – shekarun haihuwa yana faruwa a cikin watanni 8, amma suna buƙatar yin jima’i ba a baya fiye da watanni 11-12 ba, in ba haka ba ‘ya’yan za su kasance masu rauni, kuma goat ba za a haifa ba kuma ya mutu.

Yadda za a tsawaita rayuwar akuya?

Baya ga ka’idodin kulawa da abinci mai gina jiki na sama, akwai ƙarin nuances waɗanda ke shafar rayuwar dabbar. Bi waɗannan matakan:

• bayan rago, kada ku ƙara yawan abinci – wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga toshewar ciki da mutuwa ta gaba;
• kada ku ketare dangi;
• tausa nono (awakin kiwo wani lokaci suna da mastitis);
• tabbatar da cewa babu zane a cikin mazaunin dabbobi, kada ku yi tafiya a lokacin ruwan sama da sanyi mai tsanani;
• guje wa juna biyu da wuri;
• a ware manyan akuya da na akuya (a cikin dabbobin maza akwai kishiya, wanda hakan ke haifar da fada da cutar da lafiya).

Yadda za a ƙayyade shekarun goat?

Yanayin hakora shine babban ma’auni don ƙayyade shekaru. Hakora suna fitowa daya bayan daya, ana goge hakoran madara ana maye gurbinsu da na dindindin.

Yadda za a ƙayyade shekarun hakora:

• jarirai – hakora ba su nan, incisors suna bayyana a ranar 3-4th;
• rana ta biyar ta rayuwa – akwai ƙugiya na tsakiya;
• mako na biyu – incisors na tsakiya;
• farkon mako na huɗu – gefuna suna bayyana;
• 3 watanni – premolars girma (na farko a kan ƙananan, sa’an nan a kan babba jaw);
• watanni 15 – ƙugiya sun fadi, ƙananan incisors suna bayyana;
• watanni 17 – an maye gurbin duk hakoran madara mai girma;
• 2-2,5 shekaru – kawai ‘yan asali ne kawai.

Ƙimar abrasion:

• 4 shekaru – incisors da gefuna na tsawon wannan tsayi;
• shekaru 5 – labial surface yana sawa sosai;
• shekaru 6 – saman ya zama quadrangular;
• shekaru 7 – incisors suna samun siffar zagaye;
• 8 shekaru – duk hakora sun zama kaifi.

Idan abincin bai ƙunshi isasshen calcium, furotin, phosphorus da bitamin da yawa ba, haƙoran sun bushe da sauri, su zama sako-sako da faɗuwa da wuri. Abrasion yana ba da gudummawa ga yawancin abinci mai ƙarfi.

Akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a iya tantance shekarun akuya, amma ba duka ba ne masu tasiri da gaskiya.

Hanyar…