Kitso bijimai don nama a matsayin kasuwanci

Ga mutane da yawa, kasuwanci a haƙiƙanin shine babban abin dogaro sosai na samun kuɗin shiga. Yawan ra’ayoyin kasuwanci yana karuwa kowace rana. Amma kaɗan ne kawai daga cikinsu sun dace da masu fara kasuwancin da ke da ɗan jari kaɗan a hannu. Kuma daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa shine kiwon bijimai don nama a matsayin kasuwanci.

Kiwon bijimi

Zana tsarin kasuwanci

Tsarin kasuwanci da aka tsara a tsanake don kiwon bijimai ga nama na ɗaya daga cikin manyan sharuɗɗan samun nasarar wannan aiki. Irin wannan aikin ya ƙunshi cikakken ci gaba na ra’ayin da ake da shi don kiwo da fayyace manyan al’amurran ƙungiyar.

Kyakkyawan tsarin kasuwanci ya haɗa da bayanai akan abubuwa masu zuwa:

• farashin da ake buƙata don fara kasuwanci;
• manyan kwatance na tallace-tallace na samfurori;
• yiwuwar haɗari a cikin tsarin aiwatarwa;
• fa’idar da ake tsammani daga kasuwancin;
• kimanta riba.

Har ila yau, a cikin cikakken tsarin kasuwanci na kiwon shanu, ƙwararrun ƴan kasuwa sun bayyana ƙimar da ake buƙata don samfuran su, farashin da ke tattare da abinci da albashi, da ma’aikatan da suka dace. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a tuntuɓi abubuwan da suka shafi gine-gine da kayan aikin gona, hayar makiyaya don kiwo.

Ribar sana’ar noma da kitso bijimai da nama

Wannan nau’in ayyukan kasuwanci ya sami karbuwa sosai saboda fa’idodin da yake nunawa. Daga cikin manyan su akwai:

• Ƙananan farashin farawa. Hasali ma, zuba jari na farko ana kashewa ne kawai wajen siyan wasu adadin shanu, da kuma gina wuraren kiwon shanu.
• Naman sa yana da daraja sosai a kasuwa. Saboda haka, a kowane yanki na ƙasar akwai wurare masu yawa don sayar da irin waɗannan kayayyaki.
• Ribar farko ta bayyana watanni shida bayan siyan garken. Irin wannan kasuwancin yana biyan kansa sosai a cikin shekaru biyu.
• A duk fadin jihar, an adana dimbin gonakin da ba a yi amfani da su ba, wadanda suka ragu tun lokacin da ake noman hadin gwiwa. Kuna iya kafa kasuwancin ku a can. Wannan hanya za ta adana albarkatun don gina wuraren kiwon shanu.
• Baya ga nama, suna kuma sayar da fatar bijimai, taki don taki. Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi ƙarin kuɗi, wanda ke rage lokacin dawowa.

taki don taki

Dangane da illolin wannan nau’in aiki, babban abin da ke cikin su shi ne buƙatar ciyar da lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari don kula da dabbobi.

Rijistar Kasuwanci

Kiwo bijimai a matsayin kasuwanci ya dogara ne akan yawan sayar da nama da fatun dabbobi. Saboda haka, irin waɗannan ayyukan suna buƙatar biyan haraji akan kuɗin da aka samu. Kuma don kasuwanci ya zama doka, dole ne a yi rajista.

A cikin sabis na haraji, mai kiwo an yi rajista azaman ɗan kasuwa mai zaman kansa. Wannan matsayi yana nuna bayyanannen jerin haƙƙoƙi da wajibai waɗanda dole ne a bi su.

A cikin aiwatar da rajista, kuma ya zama dole a fayyace wanne daga cikin sifofin da aka jera ya fi dacewa da gonar mai kiwo. Tare da ƙananan dabbobi, zai kasance da sauƙi a yi rajistar gonar a matsayin gonar manoma. A wannan yanayin, dan kasuwa kuma zai iya ƙidaya wasu tallafi daga jihar. Bayan rajista, zaɓi tsarin biyan harajin da ya dace.

Muhimmanci! Lokaci na wajibi lokacin siyar da nama a manyan kasuwanni shine ƙarshen hukuma daga tashar tsafta da annoba da sabis na dabbobi akan ingancin irin wannan samfur. Ba tare da takaddun shaida ba, babu babban gidan abinci ko babban kanti da zai sayi naman sa.

Ginawa da kuma tsara aikin gona

Wani muhimmin batu shine gona don bijimai. Babban abin da ke cikinsa shine sito. Idan babu wani shiri da aka yi, an gina shi da kansa. Ana amfani da tubali, tubalan cinder ko shingen kankare a matsayin babban kayan gini. An rufe rufin da slate, tayal ko wani kayan rufi. An yi ƙasa da siminti ko itace. A lokaci guda, yana samuwa a tsayin akalla 30 cm sama da ƙasa.

Wani muhimmin yanayin shi ne cewa sito daga wasu gine-gine ya kamata a kasance a nesa na akalla 12 m. Hakanan ana lura da waɗannan nuances:

• dole ne sito ya zama bushe da dumi, wanda aka samu ta hanyar haɓaka mai inganci na fashe da rufin bango;
• wajibi ne a sami isasshen iska mai kyau;
• isasshiyar hasken wuta, wanda aka samu ta hanyar haɗuwa da daidaitaccen wuri na windows da kuma shigar da kayan wuta;
• an yi ƙasa da karkata, wanda ke sauƙaƙe tsaftace ɗakin;
• Ƙofar rumfar ta faɗaɗa don kada talikan su ji rauni idan sun shiga.

sito

Don samar da wuraren da ke ciki, kuna buƙatar:

• ƙarfe ko tsarin katako don haɗa rumfuna;
• rukuni da masu shayarwa guda ɗaya;
• masu ciyarwa ta atomatik da masu ciyarwa;
• inji na musamman don tsaftacewa da datsa kofaton dabbobi.

Hankali! Dole ne gonar ta kasance tana da kayan kwalliya don tafiyar bijimai na yau da kullun. Zai fi kyau a shirya kiwo da tafiya kusa da makiyayar haya. Jerin sauran gine-ginen gonaki an ƙaddara ta mai shi.

Sayen dabbobin matasa

Ana sayan dabbobin farko na shanu bayan tsara yanayin da ake bukata don kula da su. Ana yin sayan ne kawai akan gonaki na musamman ko daga masu shayarwa masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke iya tabbatar da inganci da nau’in dabbobin su tare da takaddun da suka dace.

Don kiwon bijimai don nama, zaɓin nau’in yana da mahimmanci. Wakilan nau’ikan nama na musamman suna girma da sauri, suna samun ƙarin nauyi, kuma suna ba da ingantaccen canjin abinci. Saboda haka, riba daga irin waɗannan halittu masu rai za su kasance mafi girma, kuma farashi zai biya sauri.

Mafi shaharar nau’in nama na shanu sun haɗa da:

• Limousinskaya. Ribar yau da kullun a cikin irin waɗannan maruƙa shine 1300 g.
• Hereford. A lokacin rana, nauyin dabba yana ƙaruwa da 900 g.
• Kazakh mai launin fata. Nauyin nauyi aƙalla 600 g kowace rana.
• Siminti Nauyin nauyi shine game da 900 g.
• Kalmyk. Girman matasa a kowace rana yana girma da 600-700 g.

Aberdeen Angus, Salers da wasu nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i).

Akwai wasu dokoki don zabar dabbobin matasa na nau’in da kuke so. Lokacin siye, ana biyan hankali ne kawai ga waɗanda maruƙa waɗanda suka riga sun kai wata ɗaya kuma kansu suna ciyar da abinci na fili kuma suna mai da hankali. Kiwon kananan bijimai ba shi da tsada. Ana duba kowane ɗan maraƙi idan an saya don alamun kamuwa da cuta, rashin lafiya, da alamun lalacewar fata. Ana yin jigilar dabbobin da aka saya tare da kulawa sosai.

Kulawa da kula da dabbobi

Bayan ya sami yara kanana, yana bukatar kulawa da kulawa da kyau. Ana ajiye maraƙi a ɗayan manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:

Tsayawa gobies

1. Barga.
2. Tafiya kyauta.

Kowannen su yana da nasa amfani da rashin amfaninsa. Babban fa’idar sanya ‘yan maruƙa a cikin rumfa ita ce ƙara nauyi da sauri. Amma rashin amfanin wannan hanya ya haɗa da raguwar ɗanɗanon nama. Bugu da ƙari, tare da tsayawa akai-akai a kan leash, bijimai ba sa ɓata yawan kuzarinsu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suka zama masu tayar da hankali. Don haka, kiwonsu yana buƙatar ƙwaƙƙwaran rumfuna da sarƙoƙi.

A cikin dabbobin da ke yawo cikin yardar kaina a cikin paddock ko makiyaya, nauyin yana girma a hankali, tun da wani ɓangare na makamashi yana kashewa akan aikin jiki. Amma dandano nama a cikin irin waɗannan maruƙa ya fi bayyana. Bugu da kari, suna da nutsuwa kuma ba su da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban.

Ko wace hanya aka zaɓi na kulawa, akwai ƙa’idodi na gaba ɗaya na kulawa waɗanda yakamata a bi su koyaushe:

• bai kamata a sami wani zane a cikin sito ba;
• kowace rumfa tana da kauri mai kauri na gado ko tabarmi na roba na musamman;
• zafin jiki a cikin hunturu kada ya faɗi ƙasa -10 digiri, in ba haka ba za a shirya dumama a cikin sito;
• Ana tsaftace rumfuna da dabbobi kullum.

Lokacin kiwon bijimai don nama, dole ne a yi musu alurar riga kafi. Ana yin alluran rigakafi daidai da shirin da aka riga aka tsara. Har ila yau, ƙwararren likitan dabbobi yana duba duk dabbobin sau 1-2 a wata.

Abincin shanu

Tushen abinci na shanu a lokacin rani shine sabo ne ganye daga makiyaya. A cikin hunturu, ana ciyar da bijimai hay. Amma tun da irin wannan abinci ba zai iya cika buƙatun kwayoyin halitta masu girma don abubuwan gina jiki da bitamin ba, an ƙara abincin tare da waɗannan abubuwan:

• abinci mai da hankali (cakudadden abinci da hatsi);
• dankali;
• karas;
• masara silage;
• masara;
• fodder beets.

Irin wannan kitso na bijimai don nama yana da fa’ida sosai, kuma idan akwai ƙasar da za a shuka tushen amfanin gona da masara, yana iya haɗawa da ƙarancin farashi. A kowane hali, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yawancin abincin bijimin ya bambanta, ƙananan yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtuka, kuma mafi girma matsakaicin nauyin yau da kullum.

A matsakaita, a lokacin rani, dabbar balagagge guda ɗaya tana cinye kilogiram 30 na sabo koren abinci gauraye da kilogiram 2 na mai da hankali kowace rana. A cikin hunturu, a lokacin lokacin rashin bitamin, an sanya abincin da ya bambanta. Ka’idojin yau da kullun a wannan lokacin suna nuna:

• 20 kilogiram na abinci mai laushi, ciki har da silage da tushen amfanin gona;
• akalla 5 kg na hay;
• 3-4 kg na bambaro;
• 2-3 kg na hatsi ko abinci hade.

Tabbatar ƙara babban menu na dabba tare da abubuwan ma’adinai. Kamar yadda ake amfani da shi ko dai gishirin tebur na yau da kullun, haɗa shi da sauran abinci, ko kuma ana shigar da lasa na musamman a cikin rumfuna.

Ana ciyar da bijimai sau uku a rana. Abincin farko na garke yana faruwa a karfe 5-6 na safe. A wannan lokacin, sashin gastrointestinal na bijimin yana daidaita matsakaicin adadin abubuwan gina jiki. Ƙarin halittu masu rai suna kiwo da yardar rai a wurin. Da yamma, ana ciyar da shanu a lokacin da ya dace ga mai kiwon.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ana yin kiwo a kan makiyaya ne kawai ga dabbobin da suka kai watanni 6-7. A lokacin da cinye sabo ganye a farkon shekaru, maraƙi tasowa tsanani narkewa kamar cuta cuta.

Kiwon shanu

Har ila yau, ana korar shanu don kiwo ne kawai lokacin da raɓa ko danshi bayan ruwan sama a kan ciyawa ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Idan ba a bi wannan doka ba, dabbar ta kamu da tympania, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar halittu masu rai.

Hankali! Tabbatar shigar da kwanonin sha tare da isasshen adadin ruwan sha a cikin rumfuna da kuma wurin kiwo. Kuma ya kamata ya zama dumi. Wannan yanayin yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin hunturu. Don kiyaye mafi kyawun zafin jiki, masu shayarwa dole ne a ware su.

Hayar ma’aikatan gona

Tsayar da shanu don nama yana buƙatar tsadar aiki. Ko da ƙananan halittu masu rai, ba zai yiwu a ba shi kulawar da ta dace da kansa ba. Saboda haka, a cikin tsarin kasuwanci, ya zama dole don samar da batun ɗaukar ƙarin ma’aikata.

Ma’aikatan gona suna ɗaukar guraben guraben aiki kamar haka:

• makiyayi;
• masanin zootechnician;
• masanin fasaha;
• likitan dabbobi;
• ma’aikata don tsaftace shanu.

Tabbas, takamaiman adadin ma’aikata ya dogara da girman garken sa. Bugu da kari, za ka iya ajiye da yawa idan ba ka yi hayan daban-daban likitan dabbobi, amma shirya tare da gida gwani lokaci-lokaci duba dabbobi da duba kayayyakin kafin sayarwa.

Shirin kudi – samun kudin shiga da kashe kuɗi

Wani muhimmin batu na shirin kasuwanci shine lissafin farashi da kudaden shiga. Bude gonar maraƙi don kawuna 20 ya ƙunshi farashi masu zuwa:

• samun karamin filin ƙasa – 5 dubu rubles ga kowane murabba’in mita ɗari;
• gina sito wanda ya dace da yankin tare da babban inganci – 100 dubu rubles;
• sayan 20 shugabannin shanu na naman sa – game da 180 dubu rubles;
• ciyar da bijimai 20 na shekara guda – 200,000 rubles.

A sakamakon haka, yin la’akari da farashin da aka haɗa don albashi da sauran batutuwa, zuba jari na farko zai zama 600-700 dubu rubles.

Yana ɗaukar watanni 12-14 don kitso bijimi zuwa nauyin da ake so. A wannan lokacin, yana aiki har zuwa 450-500 kg. Idan muka yi la’akari da cewa masu siyar da kaya suna ɗaukar kowane gawa tare da irin wannan nauyin 40 dubu rubles, to, ana iya siyar da dabbobi duka akan 800 dubu rubles.

Ribar kasuwanci

Dangane da ƙimar da aka samu na samun kudin shiga da kashe kuɗi, wanda zai iya yin hukunci game da biyan kuɗi da ribar irin wannan kasuwancin. Gidan gona yana biyan kansa a cikin shekaru 1-1,5. Haka kuma,…