Hereford saniya

Daga cikin kowane nau’in shanu na naman sa, ana ɗaukar nau’in shanu na Hereford a matsayin tunani. Daga cikin sauran nau’in nau’in, an bambanta shi da yawan yawan nama, rashin fahimta game da ciyarwa, dandano mai haske da kuma m rubutun naman sa marbled. Amma, kafin ku ɗauki nauyin kiwo da gaske, ya kamata ku fahimci kanku a hankali tare da mahimman abubuwan waɗannan dabbobin.

Hereford saniya

Halayen irin

Hereford bijimai da shanu ana amfani da su sosai wajen aikin kiwo a duniya. Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, halayen nau’in na iya bambanta kaɗan daga al’ada. Amma, duk da haka, duk da haka, akwai wani ma’auni na hukuma wanda ke nuna mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin waje da yawan amfanin irin wannan shanu.

Asalin

An yi kiwon shanu na Hereford da gangan a cikin Burtaniya. A lokaci guda kuma, babban burin masu kiwo shine samun mafi girma kuma mafi yawan dabbar da za a iya amfani da su a matsayin tushen nama da ikon daftarin aiki.

An haifi ɗan maraƙi na farko na layin nau’in a Herefordshire a cikin 1846. A cikin wannan shekarar, littafin ingarma na wannan nau’in shanu ya bayyana. Sabon nau’in shanun ya baiwa masu kiwon Biritaniya mamaki da saurin girma, saurin karbuwa, da yawan nama. Sakamakon haka, an ci gaba da aikin inganta shi.

Tabbas, masu kiwo daga wasu ƙasashe ba su yi watsi da irin wannan dabba mai albarka ba. Nauyin da sauri ya sami shahara a Amurka da Kanada. A farkon rabin karni na XNUMX, an kuma kawo kananan dabbobi zuwa USSR. Har wa yau, ana kiwon irin waɗannan shanu a New Zealand, Australia da kuma ƙasashen Turai da dama.

Bayyanar

Herefords suna da faɗin jiki mai nama da girma. Tsayin saniya a bushes shine 124-150 cm. Tsawon tsayin daka na jiki zai iya kaiwa 158 cm. Launi na wannan nau’in layin ja ne na musamman (a cikin inuwa daban-daban). A wannan yanayin, kai, sternum da ɓangaren ciki suna haskakawa da fari.

Hereford bijimin

Dangane da fasalin fasalin kundin tsarin mulkin shanu na Hereford, waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• kirji mai zurfi (har zuwa 70 cm) tare da babban ɗaukar hoto;
• babban jiki mai rectangular tare da lebur baya;
• furta tsoka taro tare da kadan mai Layer;
• wuyansa karami ne, kauri;
• ƙahoni ba su da kyau;
• kai kadan ne idan aka kwatanta da jiki;
• gaɓoɓi sun yi nisa sosai;
• nono ba shi da kyau sosai;
• fata yana da bakin ciki, m, na roba.

Yawan aiki

Irin na Hereford nau’in nama ne na shanu na musamman. Yawan aikin madara na wakilansa, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce kilogiram 1200 na madara a kowace shekara ba. Fat abun ciki na samfurin shine 4%. Yana da kyau a lura cewa samun madara daga irin wannan saniya kuma yana da rikitarwa ta gaskiyar cewa za ta iya mayar da martani ga yunƙuri, yin madara, jin tsoro kuma sau da yawa harba madarar.

Nonon saniya mai kitse na wannan nau’in

Babban darajar dabbar ta ta’allaka ne a cikin yawan yawan nama. A matsakaici, nauyin saniya zai iya kaiwa 550-700 kg. Gobies tare da kitsen da ya dace zai iya samun nauyi fiye da 1000 kg. Yawan yanka nama daga gawa shine 58-70%. Haka kuma, naman sa na Hereford yana da mahimmanci musamman don marbling. A cikin sharuddan ingancin irin wannan naman, an dauki irin wannan naman, ana ɗaukar irin na biyu a duniya.

Ƙarsar tana shirye don noman farko a lokacin da ya kai shekaru 2-3. Matsakaicin nauyin ɗan maraƙi na jariri shine 25 kg. Haihuwa a mafi yawan lokuta yana da sauƙi kuma ba tare da rikitarwa ba. A lokaci guda kuma, saniya tana kula da jaririn kanta, sakamakon haka, ba a buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga mutum.

Magana. Calves na layin nau’in Hereford suna girma da sauri. Matsakaicin ribarsu na yau da kullun shine 1100-1300 g. A shekara guda, bijimai sun riga sun kai 400 kg.

Kiwo da kulawa

Gabaɗaya, Herefords nau’ikan dabbobi ne marasa fa’ida. Saboda haka, ba sa buƙatar yanayi na musamman don kula da su. Abubuwan da ya kamata a kula da su sosai sune:

• tsabta a cikin sito, wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi ta hanyar tsaftacewa na yau da kullum;
• ware na shanu, da bijimai da na dabbobi daban;
• cikakken ware da zayyana a cikin dakin;
• rashin danshi.

Zuwa babban jerin, zaku iya ƙara abun ciki na musamman akan zuriyar zafi mai kauri, kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki akai-akai. Lokacin adana manyan dabbobi, ya zama dole don tsara gwaje-gwaje na lokaci-lokaci na dabbobi ta likitan dabbobi. Hakanan wajibi ne a tabbatar da samun ruwa mai tsafta akai-akai.

Tabbatar samun ruwa mai tsafta akai-akai

Ciyarwa

Har ila yau, rashin ma’anar irin waɗannan shanu yana bayyana a cikin ciyarwa. A lokacin rani, rabon zaki na abinci shine koren ciyawa daga makiyaya. A cikin lokacin sanyi, an maye gurbin shi da hay. Don samun ƙarin ingancin naman sa, dole ne a ƙara abincin dabbobi da:

• mai da hankali (sha’ir da legumes sun fi kyau);
• beets, wanda ke da tasiri mai amfani akan narkewa;
• ma’adinai kari (musamman alli da phosphorus).

Har ila yau, za a iya samun sakamako mai kyau idan an shigar da abubuwan da ke dauke da adadi mai yawa na furotin mai narkewa a cikin abinci.

Amma ga matasa, har zuwa watanni 3, mahaifiyar gaba daya tana ba da dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki, tana ciyar da shi da madara. Gabaɗaya, ana yin yaye a kusan watanni 8. A wannan lokacin, ɗan maraƙi ya riga ya sami nauyin kilo 200.

Ya kamata a canza zuriyar zuwa sabon abinci a hankali. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ƙananan dabbobi sun saba da hay daga ranar 15th na rayuwa, a hankali suna ƙara yawan adadin. Yana da matukar mahimmanci don ƙara babban abincin maraƙi tare da abubuwan ma’adinai da bitamin. Dukkan abubuwan da aka jera ana ciyar da su ga jarirai a cikin daban, alkalami na musamman, inda shanu balagaggu ba za su iya samu ba.

Hay

Amfani

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, Herefords suna ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau’in nama a duniya. Kuma fa’idodi masu zuwa na nau’in suna ba da gudummawa ga irin wannan buƙatar a tsakanin masu shayarwa:

• babban jimiri, godiya ga abin da garken yana da sauƙin jure wa dogon lokaci zuwa kiwo da baya;
• saurin daidaitawa ga nau’ikan yanayi daban-daban;
• tsawon rayuwa mai tsawo, wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru 15 zuwa 18;
• rashin buƙatu na musamman don kiwo da ciyar da dabbobi;
• kwantar da hankali, wanda ke sauƙaƙe kulawar dabba da haɗin kai tare da sauran dabbobin gida;
• nama mai inganci, wanda ake da daraja sosai a duk faɗin duniya;
• yawan yanka nama samfurin;
• saurin balaga na karsana.

Muhimmanci! Daga cikin fa’idodin nau’in, ya zama dole a haɗa da haɓakar ilhamar uwa ta saniya da rashin rikitarwa yayin haihuwa. Bugu da kari, idan an kiyaye kananan dabbobi da dumi kuma a kan gado mai tsabta, adadin rayuwarsu shine 95-98%.

Kammalawa

Sanin Hereford yana da kyau ga kiwo na gida da manyan masana’antu. Saboda fa’idodi da yawa, yawancin masu kiwo na gida da na waje suna samun shi a gonakinsu. Amma, duk da rashin fahimtar dabbar, bai kamata mutum ya kula da abin da ke cikinta da sakaci ba. In ba haka ba, ba zai yiwu a kai iyakar yawan amfanin dabbobi ba.