Iri iri-iri na tumatir “Verlioka” – tabbacin da ingancin amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse da bude ƙasa

Babu yanayin yanayi mai wahala, ko farashin ƙoƙarin jiki ya hana masu lambu daga babban sha’awar shuka amfanin gona mai inganci na tumatir masu ɗanɗano da ƙamshi. Domin kada ku ɓata ƙoƙari a banza, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’ikan da ke da tsayayya ga yanayin yanayi mai canzawa da cututtuka daban-daban.

Haka nan, bayyanar shuka da ‘ya’yan itacen ya kamata su zama masu faranta wa ido ido, lokacin busawa ya kasance da wuri, ‘ya’yan itacen su yi tsayi, ɗanɗanon ‘ya’yan itacen kuma su kawo ni’ima. Duk waɗannan buƙatun sun cika ta tabbatacce, sanannen nau’in tumatir Verlioka.

Halaye da bayanin tumatir “Verlioka”

Iri-iri “Verlioka” na cikin rukuni na nau’ikan nau’ikan da ba su da iyaka. Wannan yana nufin cewa shuka yana da tsayi sosai, a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau, babban tushe ya kai tsayin 1,5-2,0 m. Bayan haka, haɓakarsa na sama yana ƙarewa. Yawan ganye bisa ga halaye yana da matsakaici, suna da girma kuma suna da launi mai laushi.

Ana yin ƙarin harbi a cikin axil na kowane ganye. Farkon furen fure yana bayyana bayan ganye 5-7. A tsakiyar harbi, daga 4 zuwa 8 goga na ‘ya’yan itace an dage farawa, kowanne daga cikinsu yana da daga 6 zuwa 10 ovaries.

Launin ‘ya’yan itace cikakke

Bayyanar ‘ya’yan itace mai ban sha’awa, mai sheki, launi yana da ja mai haske, siffar zagaye, ba tare da ribbing ba. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da nau’i-nau’i guda ɗaya, suna da kyakkyawar gabatarwa kuma suna jawo hankali. Bugu da ƙari, ‘ya’yan itacen yana da bakin ciki, na roba, amma mai jurewa ga lalacewa da fatattaka fata. An adana su da kyau, jigilar su, suna iya girma a cikin nau’in da aka cire.

Lokacin girma

Iri-iri yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma (kwanaki 90-105) kuma yana cikin rukunin farkon ripening. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari a bude ƙasa, dangane da yankin da yanayin yanayi, yana daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. A cikin greenhouses na bazara, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna fara girma makonni 2-3 a baya, kuma sun ƙare a ƙarshen Satumba.

Ladabi

iri suna da daraja sosai. Itacen ‘ya’yan itace yana da ƙarfi, ba ruwa ba. Fatar ta karye cikin sauƙi. Yawan ɗakunan seminal ba su da mahimmanci, ba su da girma, ba su da zurfi, ba a jin su lokacin amfani da su. Dandan tumatir mai zaki ne, tare da kamshin tumatir mai dadi.

Yawan aiki

babban daraja. Tare da ingantaccen fasahar noma, ana girbe har zuwa kilogiram 20 na tumatir masu inganci daga murabba’in murabba’in mita ɗaya, ko 4-6 kg daga daji guda. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ba su da girma, matsakaicin nauyi ya kai 80-110 g.

Iri iri iri

Tumatir “Verlioka” wani nau’i ne, wanda aka halicce shi ta hanyar inganta nau’in “Gisok-agro” da “Gavrish”. Dangane da shi, an sanya sabon ingantaccen iri-iri “Verlioka da F1” a cikin samarwa. Wannan nau’in ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa ne, ya ɗan ɗan guntu (har zuwa 150 cm) kuma yana ƙare ‘ya’yan itace a baya. Dajin ya fi ƙanƙanta, ƙarancin yaduwa. Bisa ga bayanin, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun fi girma fiye da na Verliok, suna yin la’akari daga 120 zuwa 140 g kuma sun fi dadi. Tushen yana da ɗan haƙarƙari.

Kyakkyawan halaye da rashin amfani iri-iri

Abũbuwan amfãni a cikin nau’i-nau’i:

• dandano da nau’in ‘ya’yan itatuwa;
• high kasuwanci ingancin da kuma bayyanar;
• juriya na kwayoyin halitta ga manyan cututtuka;
• halin haƙuri ga ɗan gajeren lokaci tabarbarewar yanayin yanayi.

Babu gagarumin gazawa a cikin iri-iri. Abubuwan buƙatun don haɓakar ƙasa, abinci mai gina jiki na ma’adinai da kula da agrotechnical iri ɗaya ne da sauran hybrids.

Duk farashin aiki da kuɗaɗen shuka suna biya tare da ingantaccen girbi.

Mafi kyawun yanayin girma

An yi niyya ne don noma a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa da gine-gine masu kariya.

Yana da mafi tasiri don girma iri-iri a cikin greenhouses na bazara, tun lokacin da lokacin ‘ya’yan itace bai dade ba don greenhouses mai zafi na hunturu. Ana iya girma shi kadai ko kuma a matsayin nau’i na nau’i mai tsayi. A cikin gine-ginen da ba su da tsayi sosai, an haɗa nau’in nau’in tare da ƙananan tumatir. Tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse dole ne a samar da isasshen iska mai inganci.

A wasu yankuna, ba duk ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iya samun lokacin girma ba kuma, wani lokacin, ana buƙatar pinching na saman don iyakance adadin ovaries.

Agrotechnical events

nutsewa

Ana girma iri-iri “Verlioka” a cikin tsire-tsire, don haka ana shuka tsaba:

• a ƙarshen Fabrairu – farkon Maris don greenhouses na fim;
• a ƙarshen Maris – farkon Afrilu don buɗe ƙasa.

Ana shuka tsaba a zafin jiki na 22-25 ° C har sai germination, an rage su zuwa 14-15 ° C. Bayan 1-2 ganye na gaskiya sun bayyana daga cotyledons, tsire-tsire suna nutsewa cikin tukwane ko jaka na filastik. A zafin jiki na 18-22 ° C, seedlings suna girma har zuwa kwanaki 45-50. A wannan lokacin, seedling yana da aƙalla nau’i-nau’i 3 na ganye na gaskiya kuma yana shirye don dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin.

A cikin gidajen fim na fim, ana aiwatar da dasa shuki daga ƙarshen Afrilu, a cikin buɗe ƙasa – daga ƙarshen Mayu, dangane da yankin da yanayin yanayi.

Mafi kyawun yanayi don dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa:

• barga zafin iska ba ƙasa da 15 ° C, ƙasa – 10 ° C a zurfin har zuwa 25 cm;
• matsakaicin danshi ƙasa da tsarin sako-sako;
• mara iska, gajimare, babu ruwan sama.

Tsarin da zai yuwu don dasa shuki:

• A cikin greenhouse, yana da kyau a shuka layuka biyu a kowane gado tare da nisa na 35-40 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire da 40-50 cm tsakanin layuka. Hanyoyin da ke tsakanin raƙuman ruwa suna barin 60-70 cm, wanda ke sauƙaƙe kulawa, hasken shuke-shuke da samun iska. Lokacin ƙididdige tsarin saukowa, kuna buƙatar tunawa: jere ɗaya a kan tudu ya fi uku.
• A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana amfani da tsarin shuka iri-iri: tef, square – gida, chess. Yawan shuke-shuke da 1 m² kada ya wuce biyar.

Hankali! Girman dasa shuki yana cutar da kulawa, samun iska na tsire-tsire kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtuka.

dasa tsire-tsire

Ana yin shi ne don rage harbe-harbe na gefe, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan ‘ya’yan itace da aka kafa a kan ragowar mai tushe. Yawancin lokaci suna barin ɗaya (a ƙasa da goga na farko), ƙasa da sau da yawa – harbe biyu (na biyu – bayan goga na farko). Don haka, daji zai ƙunshi guda biyu ko uku a zahiri daidai mai tushe.

Idan an cire duk ‘ya’yan uwa a cikin axils, ‘ya’yan itatuwa za a ɗaure su a kan tushe ɗaya kawai. Ganin cewa tushen yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma yana iya daina girma bayan tari biyu ko uku, ana iya barin harbe a ƙasan ovary na ƙarshe. Wannan zai tsawaita lokacin girma kuma ya sami amfanin gona daga harbin gefe.

Daure

Tsire-tsire iri-iri suna buƙatar garter na tilas:

An ɗaure kara zuwa madaidaicin trellis. An sanya kumburin kyauta ta yadda yayin da yake girma, ba zai cutar da shuka ba. A mako-mako, an nannade tushe a kusa da zaren, don ya wuce ƙarƙashin kowace gungu na ‘ya’yan itace.

An ɗaure su duka zuwa ga goyan bayan barga guda ɗaya da kuma trellises wanda aka shimfiɗa a layi daya da jeren da aka dasa. Idan daji ya ƙunshi mai tushe da yawa, yana da kyau a ɗaure kowannensu.

Kayan kayan ado bai kamata ya cutar da tushe da yanke ba, don kada ya haifar da hadarin kamuwa da cuta a cikin raunuka.

Ƙarin hadi

Don ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, shuka zai buƙaci aƙalla manyan riguna guda huɗu yayin lokacin girma da cikakken tufatar ƙasa a cikin kaka da bazara. Tsarin aikace-aikacen taki na iya zama kamar haka:

Takin gargajiya – taki (5-8 kg), droppings tsuntsaye (3-4 kg), ash (150-200 g), phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani (20-50 g da 1 m).²).

• bazara Hadadden takin ma’adinai ko nitrogen.
• A lokacin girma kakar. Ciyarwar guda biyu ta farko yakamata ta motsa ci gaban shuka. Ana amfani da takin ma’adinai (nitrophoska – 50-60 g da lita 10 na ruwa) ko jiko na mullein a cikin rabo na 1:10 tare da ƙari na ash.
• M saman miya da nufin stimulating samuwar ovaries da ‘ya’yan itace ripening. A wannan mataki, adadin batura na potassium da phosphorus yana ƙaruwa.
• Ana yin suturar saman ta hanyar shayar da maganin a ƙarƙashin tushen ko fesa tare da ƙananan digo a kan ganye. Tare da suturar saman foliar, an gabatar da hadaddun takin mai magani ko microelements guda ɗaya, wanda adadinsu yayi ƙanƙanta.

Ana yin suturar saman foliar a cikin yanayin girgije don hana ƙone ganye.

A lokacin damina, yanayin foliar ba shi da tasiri saboda ruwan sama yana wanke taki. Za a haɗa su da tushen tsarin, amma da yawa daga baya.

A kan siffofin girma irin tumatir Verlioka a cikin yanayin greenhouse, duba bidiyon.

Matakan rigakafin cututtuka da kwari

Tumatir iri-iri “Verlioka” yana jure wa cututtukan tumatir da yawa, kamar:

• cladosporiosis;
• mosaic;
• tabo;
• bakin kafa
• kwayoyin cuta da sauransu.

phytophthora yana fama da rauni.

Nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i juriya ga manyan cututtuka, amma ba tare da matakan kariya ba zai yi wuya shuka ta yi tsayin daka, musamman a lokacin sanyi, lokacin sanyi:

1. Yarda da jujjuya amfanin gona. Ba a yarda da amfani da magabata da makwabta: dankali, eggplants, barkono, kabeji.
2. Kula da mafi kyawun zafin jiki da zafi a cikin greenhouse. Tabbatar da samun iska.
3. Tsaftacewa da lalata wuce haddi, ganye marasa lafiya da tarkacen shuka.
4. Maganin rigakafi tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe (sulfate jan karfe, ruwa Bordeaux, Oxyhom, Polycarbacin, da sauransu).
5. Maganin ƙasa kafin dasa shuki tare da 1% bayani na foundationazole ko potassium permanganate.
6. Kwance lokaci-lokaci na ƙasa a buɗe ƙasa don inganta musayar ruwa-iska.

Babban kwatance na amfani da iri-iri

An yi nufin ‘ya’yan itatuwa iri-iri don amfanin duniya:

Karami, lebur tumatir suna da kyau musamman ga gwangwani. Suna da hankali suna mamaye girman bankin. Kallon tumatir gwangwani yana da ban sha’awa da sha’awa. Fatar tana riƙe da mutuncinta.

Daga ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu tasowa, ana samun ruwan ‘ya’yan itace mai yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin sukari da ma’adanai masu amfani. Ana amfani dashi don abinci mai gina jiki.

Ya dace da sauran nau’ikan sarrafa masana’antu: pastes, sauces, salads a cikin tsantsar su, kuma a hade tare da sauran kayan lambu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa.

• Fresh za a iya amfani dashi na dogon lokaci, kamar yadda aka adana shi da kyau, baya rasa kayan abinci mai gina jiki.

Dangane da kaddarorin ilimin halittar jiki, nau’in tumatir na Verlioka na iya yin gasa tare da sauran nau’ikan tantancewa kuma ya ɗauki wurin da ya dace ba kawai a cikin gadaje na lambu masu son ba, amma kuma ana samarwa don dalilai na kasuwanci.