Akwai tsoffin nau’ikan tumatir da ba su rasa kyawawan halaye ba tsawon shekaru da suka yi amfani da su cikin nasara tare da sabbin iri da kuma hybrids. Daya daga cikinsu shine White cika 241.
Manoma ne ke shuka waɗannan tumatur a gonaki, amma galibi ana samun su akan filayen masu noman kayan lambu. Iri-iri yana da fa’idodi da yawa da fasahar noma mai sauƙi, yawancin mazauna rani suna farin cikin girma a kan murabba’in murabba’in su ɗari.
Bayanin nau’ikan tumatir Farin cikawa da halayensa
Farin cika 241 shine nau’in tumatir iri-iri da masu kiwon Kazakh suka yi a cikin 1966. Wasu nau’ikan guda biyu sun yi aiki azaman nau’ikan iyaye a gare shi – Victor x Mayak da Pushkinsky. Ya sami sunan “Farin Cika” saboda gaskiyar cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwa, a cikin lokacin lokacin madara, suna samun kyakkyawan launi mai launi kuma sun zama kama da apples na iri ɗaya.
Da farko, Tumatir ɗin Bely an yi shi ne don samar da kasuwanci kuma ana noma shi a cikin gonakin noma, amma bayan lokaci ya koma lambuna na gida da gidajen rani.
Wannan shine ƙayyadaddun nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in tumatir – bishiyoyin tumatir suna girma a matsakaici har zuwa 0.5 m a cikin gadaje kuma har zuwa 0,7 a cikin greenhouses. Su ne m, rauni rassan rassan, forming ba fiye da 2 manyan rassan. Ganyen shuke-shuke na matsakaicin girman, classic “tumatir” siffar, haske kore, santsi, ba tare da furta pubescence. Furen furanni na nau’i mai sauƙi, ana jefa tumatir na farko bayan ganye na 6, na gaba – bayan samuwar ganye 1-2 na gaba. Daya daji na iya samun goge 5-6.
Tumatir mai cike da fari na nau’in nau’in farkon (farkon cikakke) ne, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna girma a matsakaici:
- a cikin greenhouse – a ranar 80-85th bayan germination;
- a cikin yanayin buɗe ƙasa – a ranar 100th.
Tumatir cikakke suna zagaye, tare da ɗan ƙaramin ribbing a cikin yanki mai tsayi, matsakaici a cikin girman, ya kai yawan 100-120 g, ja mai haske, tare da fata mai laushi da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Danɗanon su yana da daɗi tare da ɗanɗano kaɗan. Ana riƙe ƙwanƙwasa da ƙarfi, don haka dole ne ku ɗauki tumatir tare da ɗan ƙoƙari.
Yawan amfanin Farin cika iri-iri yana sama da matsakaici – 3-4 kg kowace daji. Ana adana ‘ya’yan itacen da aka girbe da kyau a cikin busassun busassun rumbun ajiya kuma ana jigilar su ta nisa mai nisa ba tare da lahani mai yawa ba.
Tumatir iri-iri kama da Farin zubawa
Daga cikin nau’ikan tumatir iri-iri, akwai da yawa waɗanda, dangane da manyan halayensu da bayaninsu, suna kama da White Bulk. Wannan:
- Asiri;
- Liana;
- Fashewa;
- Agatha?
- Kievsky;
- Kyautar Kuban;
- Siberian farkon.
Dukansu suna cikin nau’ikan da aka ƙayyade da wuri, suna samar da ƙananan bushes kuma suna samar da ‘ya’yan itace masu nauyin 100 g.
Fa’idodi da rashin amfani
Amfanin iri-iri sun haɗa da:
- kyakkyawan haƙuri na sanyi na bazara, canjin yanayin zafi da zafi na rani;
- juriya ga fashe ‘ya’yan itace ko da a lokacin bazara;
- m ripening tumatir (1/3 a kawai 2 makonni);
- ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu matsakaicin matsakaici;
- versatility na amfani da tumatir;
- mai kyau juriya ga macrosporiosis;
- tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar ɗaure su zuwa tallafi.
Har ila yau, wannan nau’in yana da rashin amfani: ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma mai sauƙi ga marigayi blight, amma wannan cuta yawanci ba ta da lokaci don rufe bushes saboda gajeren lokacin ciyayi na shuke-shuke.
Agrotechnics na namo
Tumatir mai cika fari ana shuka shi ne a cikin tsiro, kuma ba a shuka iri kai tsaye cikin ƙasa. Ana shuka su watanni 2 kafin dasa shuki na seedlings a wuri na dindindin. Ana sanya tsaba daga fakiti a cikin ƙasa nan da nan ba tare da jiyya ba ko jiƙa na kwana 1 a cikin maganin haɓaka haɓaka. Tsaba da aka tattara daga nasu tumatir ana pickled a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate ga disinfection.
Bayan sarrafawa, ana shuka su a cikin kaset da aka cika da cakuda na musamman don kayan lambu ko kofuna na peat (sun dace saboda suna sauƙaƙe don canja wurin seedlings kuma ba su cutar da tushen shuka ba yayin dasawa). Zurfafa tsaba a cikin ƙasa ba fiye da 2-3 cm ba, a hankali ruwa kuma yayyafa da ƙasa a saman.
Ana sanya kaset a cikin greenhouse ko an rufe shi da fim mai haske. Har sai fitowar tsire-tsire, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse a 25-30 ° C, sannan an rage shi zuwa 20 ° C a rana da 16 ° C da dare don kada tsire-tsire su shimfiɗa. Shayar da tumatir yadda ake buƙata, tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba ta yi jiƙa sosai ko bushewa ba.
Tumatir suna nutse a cikin lokaci na ganye na gaskiya 1-2. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar noma bisa ga dama, ba dole ba ne. Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, an dasa shuki, wanda ana fitar da su kowace rana na kusan awanni 2. Wadancan tumatir da za su yi girma a cikin greenhouse ba su taurare ba. Ana ciyar da matasa tumatir tare da takin mai magani sau 2-3 a cikin tazara na makonni 2.
Kimanin watanni 2 bayan germination, ana shuka seedlings a cikin greenhouse, kuma ko da bayan makonni 1-2 – a kan gadaje (kawai lokacin da barazanar dawowar sanyi ta wuce). Don tumatir, zaɓi wuri mai kariya na rana, iska.
Mafi kyawun ƙasa shine yumbu mai laushi ko yashi. Yana da kyawawa cewa albasa, cucumbers, legumes, tafarnuwa ko kabeji suna girma a wannan yanki a baya, amma ba amfanin gona na dare.
Lokacin dasa shuki, suna kula da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere na akalla 50 cm, tsakanin layuka – 70 cm. Kafin dasa, ƙara dintsi na ash na itace ko 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
Kula da Farin Cika a cikin greenhouse da lambun
Ba lallai ba ne don samar da, ƙulla da ƙwanƙwasa bushes na White Bulk – ba su da girma kuma ba su da yawa, suna samar da fiye da 2 mai tushe. Kula da tsire-tsire yana da sauƙi kuma ya ƙunshi shayarwa, sako-sako, sassautawa da yin amfani da ma’adinai ko takin gargajiya.
Ana shayar da tsire-tsire kawai tare da ruwa mai dumi a ƙarƙashin tushen. Tumatir na wannan iri-iri ba sa buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai; saboda yawan ƙasa da danshin iska, suna iya yin rashin lafiya tare da baƙar fata. Don rage zafi, ana samun iska a kai a kai.
Lokacin zuba ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ana shayar da tumatir sau da yawa. Bayan kowace shayarwa, an sassauta ƙasa a hankali don ba da iska ga tushen.
Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau 3 a kowace kakar, tare da tazara na makonni 2. Don ciyar da farko, ana amfani da takin nitrogen, alal misali, jiko na mullein (1 zuwa 10), zubar da tsuntsaye (1 zuwa 20) ko ammonium nitrate (20 g da lita 10 na ruwa).
A karkashin kowane daji zuba lita 1 na taki. Ana ciyar da abinci na gaba tare da gaurayawan phosphorus-potassium: maganin superphosphate ko ash itace a maida hankali na 1 tbsp. l. da 100 g kowace guga na ruwa, bi da bi. Kyakkyawan stimulant ga girma da ci gaban tumatir shine jiko yisti (2 tablespoons na busassun yisti da 1 guga na ruwan dumi). Ana amfani dashi a cikin adadin 0.5 lita a kowace daji.
Kuna iya kallon gani a kan tumatir tumatir na farkon iri-iri Farin cikawa, za ku iya gano halayensa a cikin bidiyon.
Kwari da cututtuka
Tumatir na wannan nau’in ba kasafai suke yin rashin lafiya ba, amma don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka, dole ne a ɗauki matakan rigakafi. Don yin wannan, ana shirya ƙasa a yankin da tumatir za su girma a cikin fall. Ana haƙa shi da kyau, ba tare da ɓarkewar ƙasa ba, har ta daskare da sanyi.
A cikin bazara, makonni 3 kafin dasa shuki, ana zubar da ƙasa tare da maganin 0.5% na ruwa Bordeaux ko jan karfe sulfate. An dasa layuka na marigolds ko nasturtiums kusa da gadaje, warin da ƙwayoyin tumatir ba sa so.
Hakanan ana aiwatar da rigakafin rigakafin shuka tare da fungicides:
- tattoo;
- ridomil;
- phytosporin;
- immunophytocyte;
- kwatangwalo.
Rage yawan zafin jiki na bazara, zafi mai zafi da tsire-tsire masu girma suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa cututtukan tumatir, sabili da haka, idan ya cancanta, ana yin zafi da greenhouse, an cire iska kuma an cire tsire-tsire masu yawa.
Amfani da tumatir
‘Ya’yan itãcen Farin cikawa suna girma sosai, suna dacewa don amfani da kowane nau’i, duka sabo da sarrafawa. Ana shirya salads na rani daga tumatir cikakke, ana yin shirye-shirye:
- ruwan ‘ya’yan itace;
- manna;
- miya;
- ketchup.
Hakanan ana iya ƙara shi azaman gefen tasa zuwa darussa na biyu kuma azaman sinadari a cikin pizza.
Ana yin gwangwani ja, wanda ba shi da ɗanɗano ko madara mai madara: ana yayyafa shi a cikin tuluna, a sa gishiri da fermented a cikin ganga, bushe da rana ko a cikin injin bushewa, daskararre.
Irin nau’in tumatir mai cike da fari, kodayake ba sabon abu bane, yana da fa’idodi da yawa waɗanda suka sa ya cancanci noma a cikin yanayin zamani. Wadannan tumatir da aka gwada lokaci, suna bin ka’idodin fasahar aikin gona, suna iya faranta wa masu shuka kayan lambu rai tare da girbi na ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi da lafiya.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
