What and how to spray grapes?

Some gardeners neglect the need to process fruit crops to protect them from diseases and pests. This is an important component of grape care, which guarantees a quality and regular harvest.

Some diseases are ways to destroy an entire plantation in a few weeks. It is important to regularly inspect the vine and carry out processing on time. It is much easier to prevent an illness than to cure it.

The need for a procedure

The main purpose of vineyard treatment is to prevent attacks from pests and diseases. Gardeners use both ready-made preparations that can be bought in special stores, and folk recipes. Spraying in the spring will help save the plantation if some bushes have already been infested since the fall. The drugs will not allow the infection to spread further and destroy pathogens. Treatment with pesticides will protect the shoots from insects.

To provide the vineyard with the proper level of protection, spraying should be carried out several times per season. The combination of preventive measures based on insecticides and the use of foliar fertilizers demonstrates high efficiency.

During operation, the grapes are processed carefully and completely. Sheet plates are coated with a composition on both sides.

What can be processed?

Before spraying grapes, you need to choose the right drug. It must be sufficiently effective and at the same time safe for the plant and crop.

All substances used for processing are divided into three main groups:

• chemicals;
• biological compounds;
• folk remedies.

Chemicals

The range of industrial preparations is diverse and constantly updated. It is not difficult for experienced gardeners to choose the appropriate option, but for beginner summer residents it is difficult to understand the huge assortment.

• The Bordeaux mixture was widely used. It has proven to be a powerful remedy for most fungal infections. In the first treatment, a 3% solution is used. The procedure is performed in the spring before bud break. The next spraying is carried out during the phase of active growth of green mass. The concentration of the mixture is reduced to one percent. This drug will cope with powdery mildew, gray mold and anthracnose. It is impossible to increase the content of the Bordeaux mixture, otherwise it will become disastrous for the grapes.
• The second option is iron sulfate. This substance will not only protect the culture from the fungus, but will also become additional nutrition. Processing in early March postpones the day of bud break, protecting the plant mass from spring frosts. 10 grams of vitriol are dissolved in 500 liters of water. The vine is sprayed immediately after removing the winter shelter. The substance is used to combat gray mold, powdery mildew and spotted necrosis.
• To get rid of oidium, powdery mildew or mildew, use the drug “Quadris”. It is low toxic and does not harm beneficial insects. The concentration used is 0,1%. The drug can be combined with various top dressings and pesticides. “Kvadris” will be especially useful at the initial stage of the disease.
• One of the most effective anti-fungal drugs is copper sulfate. To prepare the solution, 300 grams of quicklime is diluted in two liters of hot water. The composition is prepared in an enameled or plastic container. Upon contact with water, an active chemical reaction begins, after which another 8 liters of water and 300 grams of copper sulphate in granules are added. The resulting preparation is stirred and filtered. In order to carry out prevention, 100 grams of copper sulfate are dissolved in a bucket of water.
• Urea (Urea) rich in nitrogen, an important component for the formation of dense and vibrant vegetation. This growth stimulant is often used in early spring. Also, urea does a great job with caterpillars and copperheads. To prepare a composition for the treatment or treatment of plants, 10 to 500 grams of granules are dissolved in 700 liters of water. Work is performed before the start of sap flow.
• Ridomil choose to fight many ailments, including rubella, gray spot, black rot and other diseases. It contains components that destroy the fungus. They penetrate the shoots and have a protective effect. These properties are stored for two weeks. In rainy weather, the efficiency remains the same. 25 grams of the substance will be enough to prepare a solution in one bucket of water.
• Strobi cope with all types of fungal diseases. The main active ingredient is kresoxim-methyl. The substance is sold in the form of granules (packs of 2 or 200 grams). After spraying, the drug remains on the berries and leaves, forming a dense protective film. “Strobi” is not afraid of even intense precipitation, while maintaining the declared properties. Two grams will be enough for 10 liters of water. The first time the grapes are sprayed before flowering, repeating this procedure every decade. About a month before picking berries, processing is stopped. “Strobe” does not interfere with pollination, as it is quite safe for bees.
• “Falcon” easily copes with pathogenic microorganisms due to the composition rich in active elements. To prepare a solution for prevention, you need to take 10 liters of water and 5 milliliters of fungicide. If the grapes are sick, the amount of chemicals is doubled.

In case of illness, the treatment is carried out twice. “Falcon” can be used during flowering, it is also safe for beneficial insects.

Traditional recipes

To protect the vineyard from infections and garden pests use the following tools:

• parsley is planted next to the shrubs, which will save grapes from phylloxera due to the bright smell, grapes are often surrounded by plants that repel ticks and other pests;
• a solution based on soap or ash is used against aphids, 300 grams of ash or the same amount of soap are dissolved in a bucket;
• decoction of wormwood it will scare away the leaflet, the grass is boiled, and the resulting solution is cooled and filtered, the green mass is sprayed with it;
• To combat and prevent oidium, the following composition is used: warm water (bucket), soda ash (40 grams), a spoonful of liquid soap, the affected areas of shrubs are treated with a ready-made solution.

Biological compounds

A distinctive feature of biological garden products lies in the microorganisms. They are considered natural enemies of the fungus and dangerous insects. Such formulations can be safely used in any of the growing seasons. They will not affect the berries negatively. To combat late blight, treatment is carried out “Fitosporin”. Also, this drug will be useful against other common fungal infections. The composition of this preparation contains the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, which was obtained artificially. Getting on the surface of the vine or soil, it begins to multiply rapidly, and its waste products suppress harmful organisms.

The drug will help the grapes to cope with parasites on their own. Regular use of the composition strengthens the immune system of the plant. The drug is produced in several forms: powder, suspension or paste. The concentration of this substance depends on the release format. For the prevention of diseases, the vine is treated once every 14 days. The next common drug is Trichodermin. It will be effective in protecting against root rot, powdery rose and other ailments. The basis of the substance is the fungus Tricoderma. Like the above component, when it enters the vine, it multiplies rapidly, displacing harmful bacteria. 50 milliliters of the concentrate is dissolved in a bucket of water.

At the time of leaf blooming, preventive treatment of grapes with this preparation is carried out. Then the procedure is repeated every 2-3 weeks. It is completely safe for insects, animals and humans. “Aktofit” will cope with dangerous insects, for the preparation of which the fungus Streptomyces avermitilis was used, or rather its waste products. “Aktofit” affects the nervous system of pests, as a result of which the respiratory organs and the digestive system fail.

This substance quickly decomposes, not remaining in the air for a long time. It is sold in different volumes, from 10 to 900 milliliters. There is no need to worry about the health of birds, animals and people, since the drug is not toxic. 20 milliliters of the substance will be enough to prepare a solution in three liters of water. After mixing, another 7 liters of clean water are poured into the container. To increase the effectiveness of the resulting solution, add half a teaspoon of shampoo for children. Use “Aktofit” several times a season as needed.

For processing plants, you need a suitable temperature regime – from 18 with a plus sign. In more important weather (at temperatures of 30 degrees and above), the consumption of the substance decreases. To get rid of spider mites, colloidal sulfur has been used for many years. From oidium, it will also be useful. To treat a plot of 100 square meters, 120 grams of the drug is dissolved in 100 grams of water. The components are mixed until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. Then add another liter of water.

The finished solution is dissolved in 14 liters of water. To protect fruit plants, it is enough to carry out the treatment 4-5 times during the season. These are the main preparations used by modern gardeners. You can also find recipes with boric acid, onion peel and other options.

Most chemical and biological preparations can be combined with fertilizers, for example, combine any of the above components and potassium monophosphate.

Spray technology

• In the spring. Even before bud break, the first treatment is performed. At this point, the air warms up to a mark of about 5 degrees Celsius. First you need to prepare a solution, dilute copper sulfate in water to obtain a three percent composition. For the first time, the preparation covers not only the trunk and vine, but also the ground around the plant. Vitriol will destroy dangerous microbes in the upper layers of the soil. After about 2 weeks, when 5-6 full-fledged leaves are formed on the vine, the grapes are sprayed with nitrafen. The last spring treatment is carried out before flowering. Several drugs are used, each of which is aimed at combating a specific ailment or pest. Means of the acaricidal group will help get rid of ticks. Compositions with a high content of sulfur and copper will protect against powdery mildew. As an effective prophylaxis against the fungus, the vine is covered with a solution of serum with iodine or baking soda.

• Lettom. With the onset of summer, the fruit crop also needs to be treated for the fungus. Gardeners choose drugs, the main component of which is sulfur or potassium manganese. Activities are carried out during the ripening of berries. Processing is carried out in July or August, depending on the timing of ripening. The procedure is repeated every decade.
• In the autumn. In autumn, the vines are pruned and treated for fungus and rodents. Before sheltering the vines for the winter, the branches are treated with a solution of copper sulphate. The procedure should be performed in the evening. It is desirable to choose a cloudy and dry day. If necessary, the grapes can be processed in September, especially if the bush shows symptoms of infection. Due to the high humidity in the morning, this procedure is undesirable due to decreasing efficiency. Processing during the day, during hours of active sun, will cause foliage burns.