The apple tree is one of the oldest fruit trees on the planet. This is confirmed by the myths and legends of all the peoples of the world. And even if we do not take into account the fact that this fruit is described in the oldest book of mankind, and rely only on scientifically proven facts, then we can confidently assert that our ancestors knew about these trees since the New Stone Age. It is the Neolithic era that dated the oldest remains of apple seeds, discovered during excavations of settlements dated 9500 BC. h.
A description of all varieties of apple trees will not be included in any reference book – there are so many forms that have been derived. Here you will learn only about the best of them, adapted for the conditions of the middle lane in general and the Moscow region in particular. So, what varieties of apple trees are better to plant in the Moscow region, given their main characteristics?
What varieties of apple trees are better to plant in the Moscow region: photo and description
Antonovka is ordinary. This is one of the most popular Central Russian varieties of national selection of apple trees. In the Volga region, it is found everywhere.
Trees of moderate growth, with a rounded-spreading, sometimes flat crown of medium density, winter-hardy.
Fruits are placed on all types of fruit formations. They are medium in size (110-150 g), round-cylindrical, sometimes cone-shaped with wide ribs throughout the fruit.
Look at the photo – this apple variety has a yellowish-green skin color with a golden-yellow tan on the sunny side:
The pulp is white, dense, slightly creamy, coarse-grained, medium juicy, sweet and sour, with a characteristic strong aroma characteristic only of this variety.
The taste qualities of the fruits of this apple variety, suitable for the Moscow region, are medium and good (3,5 – 4,0 points). Fruits acquire removable maturity at the end of September and are stored until November December. When storing fruits in a fruit storage, there is a deterioration in their commercial qualities due to the appearance of a physiological “tan” on the skin. The fruits of Antonovka vulgaris are good raw materials for making stewed fruit and urinating.
Anise gray. An old local, widespread in the Volga region and a very valuable variety.
The trees are broad-pyramidal, reach large sizes, and are durable. Often they bear fruit up to 100-125 years of age. Moderate progressive growth. High shoot productivity, easy excitability of dormant buds to germination provide good restoration of the crown during rejuvenation. This one of the best varieties of apple trees is one of the most winter-hardy cultivars, second only to garden Chinese in this respect.
The relatively increased resistance of Anis gray to sunburn limits the damage to the cortex by black cancer. Medium resistant to scab. Fruits are very rarely affected by fruit rot. It is susceptible to disease by small-leaved (rosette) and summer drying of shoots due to copper deficiency. It is relatively drought-resistant, but it sharply increases the yield and fruit size under irrigation conditions.
Begins to bear fruit in the 5th – 6th year of growth. Removable and consumer maturity of the fruit coincide. The consumption season is from the third decade of August (mature carrion) to December – January.
Fruits are below average in size, weighing 60-75 g, one-dimensional in size and uniform in shape, flat, flat-round, greenish-whitish with a striped, in places merging blush over most of the surface. The pulp has a pleasant fine-grained consistency, medium-dense, juicy, good sweet and sour taste.
The fruits are valuable for fresh consumption and are quite suitable for processing into jam, juices, wine, as well as for lopping and drying; tolerate transportation well.
Kuibyshevskoe. The variety was bred by S.P. Kedrin from crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin of London.
The trees are relatively vigorous, broad-pyramidal, of medium density, with a strong crown, winter-hardy. Fruiting in the 5-6th year after planting in the garden. This is one of the varieties of apple trees, which is recommended for the Moscow region. In terms of yield, it significantly surpasses Antonovka ordinary. Fruiting mainly on the ringlets, at a young age – annual, with age – periodic. Fruit weight 110-130 g. The shape is flat-round, regular, with ribbing at the top. The main color is cream, the integumentary color is in the form of a blurred delicate blush, but more often without blush. The pulp is yellowish, dense, juicy, of a pleasant consistency. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour, dessert (4,3-4,4 points). Fruits contain sugars 9,4-12,63%, acids – 0,3-0,5%. Stored until the end of February.
Here are photos of apple varieties, the description of which is given above:
Spartacus. Received by SP Kedrin from sowing seeds of the Sharopai variety of free pollination. Winter hardiness is lower in the northern and eastern regions of the Middle Volga region, average – in the central and in the southern – high.
The tree is rather weak, with a wide-pyramidal, compact crown, suitable for compact plantings. The variety is very fast-growing, begins to bear fruit in the 3-5th year. Rapidly increases yields, fruiting is not sharply periodic, abundant. Crops are formed on ringlets, fruit twigs of annual growth shoots. In shape, the fruits are flat-rounded or round, weighing 110-120 g.
Pay attention to any photo – this variety of apple trees for the Moscow Region has a creamy main color of fruits, sometimes they have a striped bright red or bright scarlet blush:
The pulp is fine-grained, creamy, of medium density, sweet with a little acid, the taste is pleasant. The fruit consumption season is September – November, sometimes until January. Prematurely removed fruits of Spartacus ripen poorly during storage and do not acquire an optimal taste. The apples should be removed at a time when the blush is clearly expressed, not dull. The harvesting period of the variety is short, otherwise the number of volunteers increases sharply.
Below are photos, names and descriptions of apple varieties that are ideal for growing in central Russia.
The best varieties of apple trees for central Russia: description and photos
Kutuzovets. The variety was obtained by S.P. Kedrin by crossing Skryzhapel ordinary with Renet Simirenko. Trees of medium vigor, with a small, flat, slightly spreading crown of medium density, moderately hardy.
This variety of apple trees, recommended for the middle lane, bears fruit in the 4-5th year. Has a mildly pronounced periodicity. The main type of fruit formations is ringlet and spear. The variety is fruitful. Fruits are of medium size (100-110 g), flat-round, slightly ribbed. The skin is light green with a striped dull blush and a large number of white subcutaneous dots. The pulp of the fruit is whitish, dense, juicy, fine-grained, with a good sweet and sour taste. You need to harvest in the third decade of September. When stored by the end of November – December, the fruits acquire the characteristic taste and color of the variety. In an ordinary cellar, they can be stored until May, and in the refrigerator until the next harvest. Special advantages of the variety: resistance to fruit rot. Fruits damaged by the moth and leafworm can be stored for a long time without decaying. Trees recover well after freezing.
Zhigulevskoe. This one of the best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region has a high yield. Bred by S.P.Kedrin from crossing Borovinka ordinary with the Wagner prize variety.
The tree is medium-sized, with a relatively sparse wide-pyramidal crown, medium winter hardiness. Comes into fruiting in the 5-6th year after planting in the garden. The harvest grows rapidly with the age of the tree. Fruiting is annual, although not quite uniform over the years. The predominant type of fruit formations are ringlets and fruit twigs. Fruits are flat-rounded, weighing 120-130 g, the main color is golden yellow, integumentary is an intense blurry-striped carmine-red blush almost on the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, tender, juicy, sweet-sour dessert taste. Damage to fruits by scab is insignificant. Vitamin C 4,08-17 mg%. You need to pick apples in the first half of September. The fruits can be stored until January-February.
The advantages of this one of the best varieties of apple trees for the middle lane include high taste and marketability of fruits, the fruits are firmly held on the branches, despite their large size.
Scarlet anise. A local variety that has long been widespread in the Volga region.
The trees are large, durable, highly branched, with a wide-pyramidal crown. The winter hardiness of the variety is relatively high, but somewhat lower than that of Anis gray. After rejuvenation or freezing, tree crowns are easily restored, due to the easy excitability of dormant buds to germination.
The variety is moderately resistant to scab. Trees are susceptible to small-leaved disease and summer drying of the ends of the shoots, especially in the right-bank regions of the Middle Volga region. The variety is relatively fast-growing, begins to bear fruit in the 5-6th year, high-yielding.
Fruit picking in the northern regions – in the first decade of September, in the southern – at the end of August, before Anis gray. Removable and consumer maturity coincide, consumption – yes January, in refrigerators remains until March. Fruits are below average size, one-dimensional, average weight 59 – 75 g, flat or flat-round shape, greenish-whitish. The name of this variety of apple trees was given due to the fact that the fruits are completely covered with a thick, crimson blurred blush with a strong waxy bloom. The pulp is greenish-white, juicy, of medium density, fine-grained, pleasant consistency, good sweet and sour, slightly spicy taste.
These photos of apple varieties clearly illustrate the description above:
Borovinka. An old Central Russian variety, ubiquitous in the Middle Volga region.
Medium-sized full-grown trees, the crown is round, slightly spreading. This variety of apple trees for central Russia is relatively undemanding to soil conditions, it bears fruit well on chernozemic loamy and lighter sandy loam soils. The disadvantage of this variety is the fragility of the wood. With the onset of abundant fruiting, branches often break, which reduces the productivity and longevity of trees. When forming the crown of Borovinka, preference should be given to sparse formation systems, choosing branches for laying a crown with a more obtuse angle of departure. In addition, with the beginning of marketable fruiting, the Borovinka crown must be fastened by tying the branches, or put supports under the branches weighed down with fruits.
Winter hardiness is high, but the bark on boles and thick branches of the first order is affected by sunburn. The variety is fast-growing, begins to bear fruit in the 5th year, the yield is growing rapidly.
At a young age, the yield is annual, with abundant harvests, fruiting is periodic. Fruits are fragile on the branches, especially when ripe. Fallen fruits are edible. Autumn variety. Fruit picking at one time – August 20-30, before Anis and later Grushovka Moscow. Removable and consumer maturity are the same. Best fruit quality 5-7 days after harvest. In years with a favorable moisture regime, they remain in maturation until November, in dry years – until October.
As shown in the photo, this apple variety grown in the middle lane has above-average fruits, average weight 80-100 g, flat-round greenish-yellow, with a strong speckled-striped, bright cherry-red blush:
The pulp is friable, juicy, coarse-grained, “noisy”, good sweetish-sour, refreshing with spice taste. Low transportability – especially careful soft packaging is required for long-distance transportation. The fruits are consumed fresh, suitable for processing into juices, wines, preserves, jam. Unsuitable for lobes.
Below you will find a selection of photos of apple varieties for the Moscow region and their description.
Apple tree varieties for the Moscow region: photos, names and descriptions
Papirovka’s daughter. The variety was bred by S.P. Kedrin from crossing Scarlet Anis with Breading.
The variety is winter-hardy. The tree is of medium growth, with a broad-pyramidal, densely leafy crown. In the garden, trees begin to bear fruit in the 3-5th year after planting and bear fruit annually at a young age. Fruits are located mainly on ringlets, rings, fruit twigs. Medium-sized fruits (80 – 100 g). Their shape is flat-round, tapering towards the apex, medium and slightly ribbed, sometimes with a seam. The skin is greenish-yellowish, in mature it is whitish-yellowish, often with a golden tan. The pulp is whitish, denser than that of Papirovka, fine-grained, sometimes poured. Fruits have a good sweet and sour taste (4-4,2 points). This is one of the varieties of apple trees, which is recommended to be planted in the Moscow region, as it is resistant to scab. Fruits of the summer ripening period, and during the ripening period, slightly crumble, are stored without refrigeration for 20 – 25 days.
July Chernenko. The variety was bred by S.F.Chernenko in the I.V. Michurin TsGL by hybridization of Scarlet Anise with Breading. The trees are vigorous, with a strong broad-pyramidal crown, winter-hardy.
Begins fruiting in the 5-7th year. The yield is good and annual for young trees. Fruits are rounded-conical or rounded, fruit weight from a young tree is 80-100 g, from a fruit-bearing tree under a high yield load – 60-70 g. The main color is light green, the integumentary color is a blurred scarlet blush on most of the fruit surface. The taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. Fruit ripening and coloring is slow. Ripe fruits quickly crumble. Given this characteristic of apple varieties, the fruits must be removed in several stages. Leaves and fruits are heavily affected by scab.
Malta Bagaevsky. The Volga variety of folk selection, summer ripening period, presumably comes from the village of Bagaevo, Saratov region.
The tree is vigorous, with a hemispherical spreading strong crown, frost-resistant and drought-resistant. The bark of this apple variety, recommended for the Moscow region, has a very high regenerative capacity. Fruiting occurs in the 6-7th year after planting a seedling in the garden. The harvest grows rapidly and at the age of 16 trees reaches 150 kg per tree. Fruiting is abundant, not sharply periodic.
Look at the photo – this one of the best varieties of apple trees has medium-sized fruits (80-100 g) of flat-round, regular shape:
The main color is porcelain, the cover color is a bright continuous blush with striping. The pulp is white, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour with a slight astringency, a mediocre taste.
North synap. This is one of those apple varieties that can not only be planted in the Moscow region, but it is also strongly recommended to do this, since it was bred by SI Isaev in Moscow and is perfectly adapted for these climatic conditions.
The trees are vigorous, with a slightly spreading broad-pyramidal crown, medium winter hardiness. It begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year after planting in the garden. Abundant yields alternate with low to medium yields. Fruits are oblong-conical or barrel-shaped, somewhat resembling the shape of synapses, of medium size (70-110 g). With age, with abundant harvests, the fruits become smaller.
As shown in the photo, this one of the best varieties of apple trees for the Moscow Region has a yellowish-green basic color of the skin of the fruit, most fruits have a brownish-red blush:
The pulp is white or slightly greenish, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour, of good taste. The consumer ripeness of fruits occurs in mid-November; can be stored in bed until April – May.
Renet Kedrina (Zhigulevskoe X Anis scarlet). Elite seedling selected from the hybrid fund of SP Kedrin. Fruits of medium size (100-110 g), flat-round, with wide ribs.
The main color is yellowish, the integumentary color is a dark red blush throughout the fruit. The pulp is dense, creamy, good sweet and sour taste. Under artificial storage conditions, fruits retain their taste until February – March.
Golden summer. Bred by S.P. Kedrin as a result of crossing Antonovka ordinary with White Rosemary.
Trees of medium vigor, quite winter hardy. The crown is flat-rounded, of medium density. Trees begin to bear fruit in the 6th – 7th year after planting in the garden. Fruiting is annual, slightly periodic. Fruits are of medium size, weighing 100-115 g, even in size and shape, flat-round, slightly tapering towards the top, slightly ribbed. The skin is greenish-yellow, in a state of consumer maturity, golden-yellow, sometimes with a reddish tan. The pulp is yellow, medium density, tender, fine-grained, juicy, aromatic, of excellent dessert taste.
Late summer variety. The fruits are harvested in the second half of August.
Lobo. The variety was bred in Canada. A tree of medium vigor with a thin rounded crown, medium winter hardiness. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th – 6th year after planting in the garden and has a good and annual yield.
Fruits are medium-sized, flat-round. The main color is greenish, the integumentary color is a pink-red blush with mottling, especially pronounced in fruits taken from the periphery of the crown. The pulp is white, tender, fine-grained, sweet and sour taste. Winter variety. The fruits are harvested in mid-September. They remain in bed until February.
These photos show the best varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region, the description of which is given above:
What are the most popular varieties of apple trees better to plant in the Moscow region?
Speaking about which varieties of apple trees are better to plant in the Moscow region, it is worth noting the following.
Revival Bred by S.P. Kedrin by crossing Autumn striped with Renet Simirenko.
The trees are vigorous with a dense, rounded, slightly spreading crown, winter-hardy. They begin bearing fruit in the 6-7th year. With moderate yields, annual fruiting. The yield is high. Fruits of medium size (80-100 g) are conical in shape, sometimes beveled. The main color of the fruit is yellowish, the integumentary color is merging bright stripes and streaks of carmine color almost over the entire surface. The pulp is creamy, medium density, juicy, like the Autumn striped, viscous, very good sweet and sour dessert taste. Autumn variety. Removable ripeness of fruits occurs in the first decade of September. The consumption season is until November 15th.
Early ripening red. Bred by S.P.Kedrin by crossing Scarlet Anise with Breading. Trees of medium vigor, with a rounded crown of medium density, winter-hardy.
At high loads, the yield is expressed by the frequency of fruiting. The variety is fast-growing, high-yielding. Fruits are flat-rounded, slightly ribbed, with an average weight of 65-85 g. Their color is whitish-yellowish with a dark red blush on most of the fruit surface. The pulp is whitish with a greenish tinge, medium density, fine-grained, juicy, good sweet and sour taste.
Summer variety. Harvesting of fruits on August 15-20. Fruits are stored for 20-30 days.
Bellefleur Kuibyshevsky. Bred by S.P. Kedrin by hybridization of Bellefleur-Chinese with Borovinka. The trees form a fairly compact, medium-sized crown, high winter hardiness.
They begin to bear fruit in the 5-6th year and give abundant, slightly periodic harvests. Fruits of medium size (130 g), round, smooth.
The main color of the skin of the fruit is whitish, the integumentary color is a blurred pink blush with pronounced bright red stripes and strokes over most of the surface of the fruit. The pulp is white, tender, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, dessert. Fruit picking is carried out in the third decade of August. In fruit storage conditions, they retain their high qualities for 2 months. Advantages of the variety: early fruiting, high yield and winter hardiness, good fruit taste, high recovery capacity after freezing.
Early red. Bred in the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture. IV Michurina from crossing the varieties Melba and Vesna.
Medium-sized tree with a round, compact crown. At the time of fruiting begins in the 5th-6th year, fruiting in young trees is annual, in mature trees – periodic. This variety of apple trees, popular in the Moscow region, has medium-sized fruits (70 – 90 g), round or flat-round in shape. The main color is light yellow, the integumentary color is a dark red blush with sharply distinguished white dots. The pulp is creamy, juicy, tender, sweet and sour, very good taste. In terms of fruit ripening, this is the earliest ripening variety.
Quinty. Canadian summer variety. The trees are medium-sized, with a flat-round crown. Fruits are of medium or above medium size, round. The main color is yellowish, the integumentary color is a pink-red blush almost over the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is dense, creamy, excellent sweet and sour taste. The variety has a high content of ascorbic acid. Fruits are harvested in the first ten days of August; they are stored for 1,5-2 months.
The specified group of varieties is characterized by excellent taste of fruits, but has a reduced winter hardiness.
Volzhskoe winter. Received S. II. Kedrin as a result of crossing Skryzhapel ordinary with Renet Simirenko. This is another variety of apple trees, which is better to plant in the suburbs. The trees are vigorous, with a rounded crown of medium density, moderately hardy. They begin to bear fruit in the 5-6th year and bear fruit annually, with a rapid increase in yields. The yield is high. Fruits are of medium or below average size (80-100 g), round or flat-round, light yellow, sometimes with orange blush and stripes. The pulp of the fruit is white, rather dense, sweet and sour, with an excellent taste. Removable maturity occurs at the end of September. The fruits can be stored until May. The variety is moderately resistant to scab.
King’s seedling. Isolated by S.P. Kedrin from seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of the King of Pepin variety. Trees of medium vigor, low winter hardiness. They have a high regenerative capacity. They begin to bear fruit in the 5th year and quickly increase the yield. The yield is abundant and annual. Fruits are flat-round in shape, above average size (115 g). The main color during the period of removal is greenish-yellowish, during storage it becomes yellow, with a thick dark red blush. The pulp is dense, juicy, greenish-white, fine-grained, of good taste. Removable ripeness occurs at the end of September. In the laying place, even damaged by the moth, the fruits remain until May.
And in conclusion – another selection of photos of apple varieties with names and descriptions.
The best varieties of apple trees for the middle lane (with video)
Melba. The trees form a high, rounded crown of medium density. Begins fruiting in the 5-6th year. The yield is high, but uneven over the years. Fruits are medium-sized (70-100 g), round or round-conical, slightly ribbed.
Pay attention to the photo – this variety of apple trees, recommended for central Russia, has a whitish main color of the fruit, there is a delicate raspberry-red striped blush, sometimes occupying the entire surface:
The pulp is white, tender, juicy, excellent sweet and sour taste with a strong pleasant aroma. The fruits ripen in the second half of August. Removable and consumer maturity are the same.
In the refrigerator, the fruits can be stored until October-November, without losing their high taste.
Rossoshskoe striped. The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded, rather sharp spreading crown, medium winter hardiness, but good recovery ability. Fruiting from the 5-6th year after planting is abundant, annually. This one of the best varieties of apple trees for central Russia has fruits of medium and higher average size of a regular round-conical shape without ribs. The main color is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is a red blurry-striped blush throughout the fruit.
The pulp is light green, fine-grained, juicy, sweet taste with a little acid. In some years, it is distinguished by the freshness in the taste of the fruit. Removable maturity begins in the last ten days of September, and remains in storage until February – March. The variety is not sufficiently resistant to scab.
Spartan. Bred in Canada as a result of crossing the Mekintosh variety with Yellow Newton. Trees of medium vigor, with a rounded, medium-sized, non-thickened crown. At the time of fruiting begins in the 5-6th year, and the increase in yield is rapid. This popular variety of apple trees has fruits of medium or below average size (80 – 100 g), rounded-conical, aligned in size. When taken off, the main color of the fruit is greenish; in lying-down it becomes straw-yellow with a bright blush covering almost the entire fruit. The pulp is snow-white, fine-grained, sweet and sour dessert taste with a pleasant aroma. Removable maturity occurs at the end of September. The fruits can be stored in an ordinary cellar until April – May, without losing their high taste.
Look at the photos of the best varieties of apple trees, the description of which is given on this page:
Produce annually:
Cinnamon striped
Спартак
Kutuzovets Bel
Chernyshevskaya
Bashkir handsome
Skrychapel
Grushovka Moscow
July Chernenko
Daughter of Falling
Orange
At a young age, early-growing varieties Spartak, Kutuzovets, Akaevskaya krasa vitsa, Borovinka, Daughter Breading, Welsey and others give higher yields, after 20-25 years, varieties with durable trees are more productive: Gray and scarlet Anise, Antonovka ordinary, Orange, Cinnamon striped and etc.
However, a large load of trees with fruits sharply reduces winter hardiness. In the harsh winter of 1978/79, the winter-hardy variety Anise, depending on the crop load, had the following degree of freezing in points: up to 50 kg from a tree – freezing 1,2 points, with a harvest of 200 kg – 3,5 points, and with a harvest of 300 kg – 4 points.
All Anis trees with a harvest over 200 kg are almost completely frozen before the harsh winter.
The video “Apple tree varieties” demonstrates the most popular forms for central Russia:
