Tumatir Sugar Bison yana daya daga cikin shahararrun iri a tsakanin masu son lambu da mazauna bazara. An bred al’adun kayan lambu ba da dadewa ba, a cikin 2004, masu shayarwa na Rasha wanda V. Kochaynik ya jagoranta. Bayan cin nasarar duk gwaje-gwaje a kan wani wuri na musamman, an haɗa nau’ikan a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Tarayyar Rasha.
An yi nufin al’adun ne don noma a cikin buɗe ƙasa da kuma cikin yanayin greenhouse. Itacen yana da fa’idodi da yawa akan sauran amfanin gona iri ɗaya. Amma don guje wa ƙananan sakamakon amfanin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar sanin duk nuances na noman sa.
Halaye da bayanin iri-iri
Sugar Bison shine amfanin gona na tsakiyar kakar. Iri-iri ba shi da iyaka, wanda gunkin axial ba shi da iyaka a cikin girma. A matsakaici, tsayin daji ya kai 1,6-1,8 m. Shuka ba shi da ganye sosai, wanda ke ba da gudummawar haske mai kyau na ‘ya’yan itace. An dage farawa ovary na farko na ‘ya’yan itatuwa 3-5 akan ganyen 6-7, sannan tazara na ganye 1-2.
A cikin kakar daya, yawan amfanin gona ya kai kilogiram 8. da 1 sq. m., daga daji guda zuwa – 25 kg. Na farko ripening na tumatir da dama a kan 90-111 kwanaki bayan germination.
Gabaɗaya halaye da bayanin ‘ya’yan itace:
- Tumatir suna da siffa mai zagaye, a lokuta da ba kasafai ake samun siffar zuciya ba.
- Yawan ‘ya’yan itace na farko shine 300-400 gr., a cikin na baya – 200 gr.
- A cikin girma na kasuwanci, ana zuba tumatir a cikin ruwan hoda ko m.
- Bangaren ‘ya’yan itacen yana da yawa, ba ruwa ba, tare da ɗanɗanon sukari mai ɗanɗano da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari da aka girbe na iya riƙe kamanninsu na kasuwa na dogon lokaci, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar alama ga masu lambu waɗanda ke shuka kayan lambu don siyarwa.
Daban-daban iri da bambancin su
Sugar Buffalo yana da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan iri biyu, Yellow Bison da Black Bison. Waɗannan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin ne, wato, tare da ƙarancin girma na daji. Kashewar girma yana faruwa ne saboda buroshin furen, wanda aka kafa a tsakiyar tushen shuka.
Daban-daban na waɗannan nau’ikan sune alamomi masu zuwa:
- Bison Yellow yana da manyan kututtuka guda biyu, Black Bison yana da tushe guda ɗaya mai ƙarfi na tsakiya.
- Launin ‘ya’yan itacen Black Bison duhu ne, shunayya-violet. Yellow Bison yana da ‘ya’yan itacen rawaya mai haske ko haske.
- Black Bison yana da ɗanɗanon tumatir na musamman, yayin da takwaransa yana da ɗanɗanon ‘ya’yan itace masu zaki.
- ‘Ya’yan itãcen Yellow Bison suna da fata mai yawa, Black Bison yana da sirara.
In ba haka ba, nau’ikan suna da kamanceceniya gaba ɗaya: suna da sifa-zagaye, suna yin la’akari daga gram 200 zuwa 300.
Iri iri iri
Ana iya danganta nau’ikan iri masu zuwa ga manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa marasa iyaka, waɗanda suke kama da halayensu ga Sugar Bison:
- Abakan ruwan hoda;
- Goshin bijimin;
- zuciyar bijimin;
- Andreevsky mamaki;
- Budenovka;
- Giant rasberi;
- Mazarin;
- Dulya.
Duk da halaye na gaba ɗaya na girma da nauyin ‘ya’yan itace, nau’in Sugar Bison yana da fa’idodi da rashin amfani.
Ribobi da Fursunoni na Sugar Bison Tumatir
Sugar Bison, kamar kowane amfanin gona na ‘ya’yan itace, yana da fa’idodi da rashin amfani. Amfanin iri-iri sun haɗa da alamomi masu zuwa:
- yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- dandano mai kyau;
- ripening na ‘ya’yan itatuwa lokaci guda;
- uniform germination na tsaba;
- jurewar fari;
- kyakkyawar rigakafi ga cututtuka;
- tsawon rayuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa iri-iri ne na duniya. Za a iya amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa sabo da kuma sarrafa su.
Babu manyan aibi a cikin al’ada. Babban hasara kawai na iri-iri shine cewa yayin girma sau da yawa yana jure wa launin toka.
Saukowa
Shuka tsaba na Sugar Buffalo yana farawa a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris. Don yin saukowa, ana shirya kayan aiki da ƙasa. A matsayin akwati don seedlings, yana da kyau a zabi akwatunan katako ko filastik.
Ana iya shirya ƙasa a cikin fall daga rukunin yanar gizon ku ko kuma a siya a kantin sayar da. Don inganta haɓakar iri, ƙasa dole ne ta kasance mai wadatar abinci mai gina jiki, sako-sako, tare da matakin pH na 6,2 zuwa 6,8.
Bayan shirya duk abin da ya dace, ana bi da tsaba tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma an bincika germination. Bayan haka, ana aiwatar da saukowa a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
- A cikin ƙasa da ke cikin kwalaye, an yi tsagi a zurfin 1.5 cm.
- Ana dora tsaban tumatir ana zuba a kai.
- Ana shayar da akwatin tare da hanyar drip tare da ruwan dumi.
A ƙarshen aikin dasa, an rufe kwalaye da fim ɗin polyethylene kuma an cire su zuwa wuri mai dumi, duhu. Bayan kwanaki 5-6, lokacin da sprouts suka fara ƙyanƙyashe, ana motsa kwalayen zuwa wuri mai haske, bayan cire fim daga gare su.
Lokacin da aka kafa ganye 2-3 na farko akan shuka, ana tsince shi. Ana yin dashen dashen ne a cikin sabon wuri mai faɗi, tare da ɗigon ƙasa, ba tare da lalata tushen tsarin ba.
Bayan kwanaki 55-60, lokacin da amfanin gona na kayan lambu ya ƙarfafa sosai, an dasa shi a wani wuri na dindindin na ci gaba.
Canja wurin zuwa wuri na dindindin
Bisa ga shawarwarin masana, a yankunan arewacin kasar, yana da kyau a dasa Sugar Bison a cikin greenhouse a farkon watan Mayu, a cikin bude ƙasa a farkon watan Yuni, lokacin da zafin iska da dare zai kasance 11 ° C. A cikin wannan. yanayin, seedling ya kamata ya sami bayyanar lafiya, ba tare da lalacewa ga gangar jikin da bushewar ganye ba. Idan waɗannan buƙatun sun cika, za a iya ci gaba da aiwatar da dashen.
Zuwa ga greenhouse
Mako guda kafin dasa shuki Sugar Buffalo, ana buƙatar shirya greenhouse. Don yin wannan, ƙasa tana kwance da kyau kuma an lalata shi tare da bayani na musamman. Don kada tushen tsarin tsire-tsire matasa ya sha wahala daga sanyin ƙasa, suna samar da gadaje masu tsayi 35 cm tsayi da faɗin 85 cm, wanda a lokacin dasa shuki zai sami lokacin dumi a ƙarƙashin hasken rana.
Bayan mako guda, za su fara aikin dasawa kamar haka:
- An yi alamar wurin da aka shuka a kan tudu. Don kada tsire-tsire masu girma su tsoma baki tare da juna, tsarin dasawa mai gefe ɗaya ya kamata ya zama 60 × 50 cm.
- Ana haƙa ramuka a wuraren da aka keɓe, zurfin 30 cm da faɗi.
- Ana kara taki don amfanin gonakin kayan lambu na nightshade a cikin rami.
- Taki suna gauraya da ƙasa sosai.
- Bayan da ya zubar da rami sosai, an sanya seedling a ciki don tushen tsarin ya kasance a cikin ƙasa.
- An rufe seedling da ƙasa, an kafa rami a kusa da shi don ƙarin shayarwa.
A cikin bude ƙasa
An zaɓi ranar gajimare don saukar Buffalo Sugar a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Domin shuka ya sami tushe da kyau, wurin da aka saukowa yana buƙatar tonowa kuma a kawar da ciyawa.
Bayan haka, ana aiwatar da dashen ta bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:
- Ana shirya gadaje tare da nisa na mita 1 daga juna.
- Ana shigar da gungumomi a gefen gadaje.
- Ana shimfiɗa lacing daga wannan peg zuwa wancan.
- Ana haƙa ramuka tare da igiya a nesa na 50 cm daga juna. Zurfin ramukan dole ne a kalla 20 cm.
- Ana shigar da seedlings a cikin ramukan da aka shirya, don haka tsayin seedling sama da matakin ƙasa yana da kusan 15 cm. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a cire duk ƙananan ganye.
- An rufe shuka da ƙasa.
Bayan dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shayar da tsire-tsire nan da nan tare da ruwan dumi mai yawa da ciyawa ƙasa tare da taki mai lalacewa.
Agrotechnics na Sugar Buffalo
Duk da cewa nau’in Sugar Bison yana da kyawawan halaye masu yawa, har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa. Domin shuka ya yi tushe da kyau kuma daga baya ya ba da girbi mai yawa, bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a yi aikin agrotechnical mai zuwa:
- Ciyarwa.
Tufafin farko na farko don ci gaban shuka ana aiwatar da shi makonni 2 bayan dasawa tare da takin ma’adinai. Bayan kwanaki 10, ana bada shawara don sake maimaita hanya. Har ila yau, don ingancin ‘ya’yan itace, kuna buƙatar ƙara boron, zinc, magnesium da manganese akai-akai.
- Sakewa.
Domin tushen shuka ya cika da iska sosai, ana aiwatar da sassauta da’irar kusa-kusa sau 1 a cikin makonni 2.
- Cire ciyawa.
Tsakanin sassautawa, kuna buƙatar cire ciyawa akai-akai waɗanda ke ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
- Ruwa.
Ruwa na farko da za’ayi yayin dasawa zai wuce makonni 2. Sannan ana shayar da shuka a bushewar yanayi akai-akai tare da ruwan dumi. A cikin kwanakin girgije, ana rage yawan ruwa zuwa sau 2.
- Sata.
Domin tushen tsarin samar da shuka tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, wajibi ne a cire karin harbe da inflorescences a kan babban tushe mako-mako.
- Yin sama.
Don haɓaka yawan ‘ya’yan itacen, harbe wanda inflorescences yayi fure ana tsinke bayan ganye 2 daga ovary.
- Daurewa.
Tunda Sugar Buffalo shine amfanin gona mai tsayi tare da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa, dole ne a ɗaure shi da fegi ko wani tallafi.
Ta hanyar kiyaye ka’idodin aikin agrotechnical, ba za ku iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa kawai ba, amma kuma ku guje wa cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Rigakafin cututtuka da kwari
Sugar Bison yana da kyau juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, har yanzu yana iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin wasu cututtuka.
Mafi yawan cututtuka da iri-iri za su iya kamuwa da su sune:
Don hana kamuwa da cuta, kuna buƙatar shuka tsire-tsire ba tare da lalacewar injiniya ba tare da nisa mai dorewa. Idan shuka ya kamu da cutar, dole ne a bi da shi tare da fungicides.
Don kauce wa wannan cuta, ba a ba da shawarar shuka tumatir kusa da dankali ba. Don magance cutar, zaka iya amfani da maganin Bordeaux ko jiko na tafarnuwa.
Don hana wannan cuta, kuna buƙatar cire kullun da matattun ganye daga daji. Lokacin da daji ya riga ya kamu da cutar, ana ba da shawarar a bi da shi tare da shirye-shiryen sinadarai daga rukunin magungunan kashe qwari.
Baya ga waɗannan cututtuka, akwai lokuta na mutuwar shuka daga kwari. Mafi hatsari parasites ga iri-iri su ne:
- bear;
- farar fata;
- Colorado irin ƙwaro;
- nightshade ma’adinai;
- gizo-gizo mite.
A cikin yaƙi da waɗannan kwari, zaku iya amfani da sinadarai na musamman, kamar: “Intavir”, “Lightning”, “Aktellik” ko “Mitak”.
Aikace-aikacen dafa abinci
Nau’in Sugar Bison yana da irin wannan ‘ya’yan itace masu daɗi, masu daɗi da ƙamshi waɗanda za’a iya ba su duka azaman saladi masu haske tare da sauran kayan lambu, kuma azaman sabon tasa daban.
Saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangaren litattafan almara, tumatir ya dace don shirya jita-jita masu zafi kamar:
- classic gazpacho;
- miya tumatir;
- pizza;
- sandwiches masu zafi;
- busasshen rana, tumatur cushe, da sauransu.
Har ila yau, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da kyau don shirya kayan ciye-ciye masu sanyi, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na halitta da kuma adanawa. Idan shekarar ta zama mai ‘ya’ya, ana iya amfani da tumatir Buffalo don salads hunturu, pickles, dafa adjika da miya.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu dafa abinci sun sami wata manufa ta musamman ga ‘ya’yan itatuwa na wannan nau’in, suna amfani da su don yin jam da jam.
Bayan yin la’akari da halaye na nau’in tumatir Sugar Bison, za ku iya ganin kanku cewa wannan amfanin gona ya dace da duk yankuna na Rasha. Dangane da ka’idodin dasa shuki, fasahar noma da kiyayewa na rigakafi, shuka zai gode muku da girbi mai yawa. Babban fa’idar ‘ya’yan itacen zai ba da izinin ba kawai don dafa kowane nau’in jita-jita ba, har ma don jin daɗin ɗanɗanonsu na dogon lokaci.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
