Rabies a cikin shanu

Rabies a cikin shanu cuta ce mai haɗari wanda ba kawai daga dabba zuwa dabba ba, har ma da mutane. Kuna iya yin rashin lafiya bayan cizon shanun mara lafiya, lokacin da ledarsa ta sami rauni a buɗe, da kuma bayan cin nama mai cutar. An yi imanin cewa shanu suna da saurin kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta rabies, don haka rigakafi da gano wannan cuta a cikin dabbobi yana da matukar muhimmanci a magungunan dabbobi na zamani da kiwo.

Rabies a cikin shanu

Menene cuta?

Rabies an bayyana shi a cikin likitan dabbobi a matsayin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta tsakiya: a cikin mutane marasa lafiya, ana lura da tsarin kumburi da necrotic a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya da kuma takamaiman encephalitis. A sakamakon haka, saniya ta mutu daga asphyxia ko kamawar zuciya.

NASIHA. An fara samun bayanin cutar rabies a cikin rubuce-rubucen Democritus, kwanan wata zuwa karni na 5 BC. Wani masanin kimiyya na da ya bayyana wata muguwar cuta da ta fi faruwa a cikin karnuka. Har ila yau, ana iya samun ambaton cutar a cikin Cornelius Celsus (ƙarni na farko AD), wanda ya rubuta kamuwa da cutar ta mutum ta hanyar cizon dabbar da ba ta da lafiya.

Rabies ya kasu kashi biyu, bisa tushen kamuwa da cuta. Ana lura da nau’in halitta a cikin dabbobin daji kamar wolf, fox, jemage. Masu ɗauke da nau’in ciwon hauka na birni sune karnuka, kuliyoyi, da shanu. Har ila yau wallafe-wallafen sun nuna cewa ƙananan rodents sune tafki na halitta don adanawa da yaduwar cutar.

Wakilin haddasawa

Ma’anar cutar rabies a cikin shanu shine ƙwayar cuta ta musamman da ake kira Neuroryctes rabid, wanda na dangin Rhabdoviridae ne kuma yana da siffar harsashi. Matsalolin Neuroryctes rabid suna da haɗari ga duk dabbobi masu jinni. Ana rarraba wannan kwayar cutar a dukkan nahiyoyi, ban da Antarctica da kuma wasu jihohin tsibirai.

Bayan shiga cikin jiki, wakili mai haifar da rabies yana shiga cikin saifa kuma daga can ya yada tare da hanyoyin jijiyoyi. Kwayar cutar tana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayin waje: a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi yana dawwama na tsawon watanni da yawa, kuma idan ragowar dabbobin da suka mutu suka lalace, ta kasance mai haɗari har tsawon makonni 2-3. Maganin zafi (fiye da mintuna 10 a yanayin zafi sama da 60°C ko ɗan gajeren lokaci a 100°C) ko maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta tare da maganin chloramine, formalin ko alkali don hana cutar.

maganin formalin

Alamun

Rabies a cikin saniya ko bijimi yana faruwa a cikin tashin hankali ko natsuwa. Alamomi masu zuwa sune halayen tashin hankali:

• ƙãra yawan fushi, wanda ke bayyana kansa a cikin motsi na kwatsam da kuma halin tashin hankali da aka yi wa wasu shanu da ƙananan dabbobin gida;
• yawan gumi;
• salivation;
• yawan fitsari.

Yanayin kwantar da hankali yana bayyana ta hanyar rashin jin daɗi na shanu, rashin ci, da damuwa. Shanu sun daina samar da madara, raƙuman raɗaɗi ya ɓace, kuma matsalolin haɗiye suna bayyana.

Alamomin tashin hankali da kwanciyar hankali da aka bayyana a sama sune halayen farkon cutar, wanda ke faruwa bayan lokacin shiryawa (daga kwanaki 14 zuwa watanni 3, wani lokacin har zuwa shekara). Bayan ‘yan kwanaki bayan bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka na farko, shanu suna nuna shanyewar ƙananan muƙamuƙi, bayan haka duka biyu na gabobi sun kasa kuma dabbar ta mutu.

Babban alamun alamun cutar hauka a cikin shanu kuma sun haɗa da ƙara yawan amsa ga hayaniya da haske, har zuwa girgiza, girgiza jiki, da raguwar nauyi sosai. Wasu shanun sun rasa gani yayin da cutar ke ci gaba.

Bincike

Ana amfani da lura na asibiti don gano ciwon hauka a cikin shanu. Dabbobin, wadanda suka yi mu’amala da masu iya kamuwa da cutar, an kebe su a wani daki na daban kuma ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen lafiyar dabbobi na yau da kullun.

Ana samun babban titers na ƙwayar cuta ta rabies a cikin nazarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ƙaho ammon, a cikin nazarin medulla oblongata. Ana samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin lacrimal da salivary gland.

Neuroryctes rabid virus

Rigakafi

Iyakar ma’aunin kariya mai inganci shine rigakafin cutar rabies. Yana ba ku damar fara tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke kawar da kwayar cutar da sauri lokacin da ta shiga cikin jiki. A sakamakon shigar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jikin saniya, ana lura da matakai na biochemical wanda ke rage yiwuwar ƙwayoyin jiki ga ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana yin alluran rigakafi na zamani akan nau’in ƙwayar cuta ta Paster/RIV, wanda ke da aiki sama da 2 IU. Matsakaicin maganin shine 1 ml. Gabatarwa na miyagun ƙwayoyi – intramuscularly. Kafin alurar riga kafi, ya zama dole don gudanar da bincike ta likitan dabbobi don tantance halin da ake ciki na dabba: kawai shanu masu lafiya suna yin alurar riga kafi a cikin watanni 6 kuma bayan kowace shekara 2.

NASIHA. Alurar rigakafin ba ta samar da rigakafi 100% daga rabies. 1 cikin 10 na dabbobi na iya yin rashin lafiya lokacin da suke hulɗa da tushen kamuwa da cuta a ƙarƙashin yanayin kiyayewa da abinci mai gina jiki ga dukan dabbobin.

Idan an gano dabbobi marasa lafiya, dole ne a ware su cikin gaggawa. Ana lalata gawar matattun shanu bisa ga ka’idojin tsaftar muhalli.

Bukatar rigakafi na yau da kullun a cikin shanu yana ba da damar ba kawai don guje wa asarar dabbobi ba, har ma don kare mutanen da suka yi hulɗa da dabbobi da cinye kiwo da nama. Da zarar an gano shanun da suka kamu da cutar, ba za a iya kai su wajen gona ba, kuma ana lalatar da kayayyakin kiwo da aka samu daga dabbobin.