Nawa ne nauyin bijimin?

Sanin nauyin nauyin bijimi yana da matukar taimako wajen siyan shanu. Ta hanyar kwatanta kimar yawan dabbar da shekarunta da irinta, ana iya gano marasa lafiya ko koma baya a ci gaban halittu a kan lokaci kuma kada a yaudare su. Bugu da kari, sanin nauyin bijimin shima ya zama dole a lokacin da ake kirga rabon abincin da ake bukata don biyan bukatu na jikin dabbar. Irin wannan lissafin zai ba da damar isa ga mafi girman alamun yawan amfanin dabbobi a nan gaba.

Auna nauyin shanu

Matsakaicin nauyin sa da saniya

Yawancin ƙwararrun masu kiwon dabbobi a cikin tsarin noman wani nau’in shanu sun dogara da ƙimar matsakaicin nauyin dabbobi. Idan aka kwatanta da ainihin nauyin bijimin ko saniya, yana ba ku damar gano ƙarancin ci gaba a cikin halittu masu rai, daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, da gano alamun cututtukan haɓaka.

Amma a cikin kanta, manufar matsakaicin nauyin shanu yana da wuyar gaske. Mahimman ƙima a wannan batun suna tasiri ta hanyar:

1. Nauyin dabba.
2. Falo.
3. Shekaru

Har ila yau, wasu gyare-gyare ga mai nuna alama ana yin su ta hanyar abincin shanu da aka yi amfani da su wajen girma.

A cikin kiwo, duk dabbobin sun kasu kashi hudu:

1. Zabi dabbobi. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da dabbobi masu nauyin fiye da 500 kg. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan nau’ikan nau’ikan jagorancin nama ne na yawan aiki.
2. Dabbobi ajin farko. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da shanu da bijimai, matsakaicin nauyin wanda ya bambanta tsakanin 400-500 kg.
3. Darasi na biyu. Wannan ya hada da nau’ikan da wakilansu suka girma zuwa 380-400 kg.
4. Darasi na uku na shanu. Sashin ya hada da dabbobi masu nauyin kilogiram 380.

A kowane hali, ƙananan alamar da za a jagoranta shine nauyin kilo 300. Idan dabbar da ake kiwata ba ta kai ga kimar da aka nuna ba, to ya kamata ku yi hankali da lafiyarta. Wannan na iya zama alamar rashin lafiya mai tsanani.

Amma yayin da ake amfani da matsakaicin nauyin shanu da aka karbo daga wani nau’i na musamman, dole ne mutum yayi la’akari da bambancin nauyin sa da saniya. A cikin duk nau’in layin ba tare da togiya ba, namiji yayi nauyi fiye da mace. Matsakaicin nauyin bijimin babba ya bambanta tsakanin 450-1000 kg. A wasu nau’ikan nama, akwai samfurori masu nauyi fiye da ton 1,5. Shanu sun fi ƙanƙanta, suna girma zuwa 300-600 kg, kuma kawai a wasu lokuta nauyinsu ya kai 700 kg.

Yadda za a ƙayyade nauyi ba tare da ma’auni ba?

A manyan masana’antar kiwo, ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don tantance yawan dabbobin, amma bai dace ba a siya su a gidan gona saboda tsadar sa. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake da su don auna nauyin halittu masu rai ba tare da ma’auni ba ta hanyar ma’auni.

Amfani da tebur

Masana kimiyya Strauch da Kluver ne suka kirkiro hanyar auna nauyin sa ko bijimi ta amfani da tebur na musamman. A kan haka ne aka sanya musu suna.

Don ƙayyade nauyin, dole ne a ɗauki ma’auni guda biyu na dabba:

1. Tsawon Jikin Oblique. An ƙaddara ta hanyar auna nisa daga tubercle ischial zuwa kafadar haɗin gwiwar halittu masu rai tare da tef ɗin aunawa.
2. Girjin ƙirji. A wannan yanayin, an nannade tef ɗin a jikin bijimin a cikin yankin kirji. Bugu da ƙari, daga ƙasa, tef ɗin ya kamata ya wuce nan da nan a bayan kafafu na gaba, kuma a cikin babba a bayan kafada.

Ana maye gurbin ƙimar da aka samu yayin aunawa cikin santimita a cikin tebur mai zuwa:

Teburin auna nauyin shanu

Ƙimar da ake buƙata na nauyin dabba yana samuwa a wurin tsaka-tsakin layi da ginshiƙan daidai da lambobin da aka karɓa.

Hankali! Wannan tebur ɗin ya dace ne kawai don auna manya shanu. Don yin aiki tare da ƙananan dabbobi, Kluver da Strauch sun haɓaka tebur daban.

Hanyar Trukhanovsky

Hanya ta biyu masanin kimiyyar cikin gida Trukhanovsky ne ya kirkiro kuma ya ƙunshi auna ma’aunin halittu ta hanyar ma’auni da tsari na musamman. Don aiwatar da shi, har ila yau, wajibi ne a san girman jikin bijimin (A), amma a matsayin ma’auni na biyu, ba su yi amfani da kullun ba, amma tsawon jikin dabba (B). Don yin wannan, an sanya mai mulki mai tsauri a kan raƙuman rayayyun halittu kuma an auna nisa daga tubercles akan sacrum zuwa haɗin gwiwa na kafada.

Daftarin da kansa yana ɗaukar nau’i mai zuwa:

M=K*((A*B)/100)

Har ila yau, tsarin yana amfani da ma’auni na musamman (K), wanda darajarsa ta dogara da nau’in dabbobi. Idan bijimin na nama ne ko nama da nau’in kiwo, K = 2,5. A yanayin auna hanyar kiwo, K=2.

Wannan hanyar aunawa tana ɗaukar kusan kimar adadin bijimin. Don haka, don samun ƙarin ingantattun alamomi, ana kuma la’akari da ƙimar kitsen halittu masu rai. Idan bijimin yana da abinci mai kyau, an ƙara wani 7-10% zuwa adadi da aka samu. Tare da ƙarancin kiba, ana ɗaukar 10% iri ɗaya.

Amfani da tef ɗin aunawa na musamman

Idan za ta yiwu, yana da kyau a saya tef na musamman, wanda aka nuna raka’a na taro maimakon raka’a na tsayi. Yin aiki tare da irin wannan na’urar aunawa abu ne mai sauƙi. An lulluɓe tef ɗin sosai a jikin dabbar, kamar lokacin auna ma’aunin ƙirjin. Babban abu a nan shi ne a cire iyakar tare tare don rage kuskuren da ulu ya haifar.

Babu buƙatar musanya dabi’u anan. Dubi lambar da aka nuna a mahaɗin ƙarshen biyu na tef ɗin.

Ta wasu hanyoyin

Akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a tantance nauyin halittu masu rai. Daya daga cikin mafi shaharar ita ce hanyar komawa baya, wanda kuma yana amfani da dabara da ma’auni na musamman, amma da’irar ƙirji kawai ake buƙata don ƙididdigewa.

Bijimi mai nauyi babba

Wasu masu dabbobi suna amfani da ginshiƙi na Frowijn, wanda kuma ke amfani da kewayen ƙirjin saniya ta musamman. Ana kwatanta ƙimarsa tare da ginshiƙan da ake so kuma ana samun ma’aunin da ake so.

Hanyar da ta dogara kan auna ƙirji da mafi girman ɓangaren cikin dabbar ta kuma tabbatar da yin tasiri. Hakanan ana canza sakamakon lambobi a cikin tebur kuma suna ƙayyade ƙimar taro.

Yadda za a gano fitar nama?

Duk waɗannan hanyoyin an tsara su ne don gano jimlar nauyin dabbar. Amma irin wannan darajar yana la’akari da yawan nauyin ba kawai nama na jiki ba, har ma da ciki, kasusuwa, fata, wanda ke nufin cewa ba shi da ma’ana don yin hukunci akan yawan nama da shi.

A wannan yanayin, ana yin ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu zurfi ta hanyar ninka ƙimar da aka samu ta yawan adadin naman yanka. Siga na ƙarshe shine mutum ɗaya don kowane takamaiman nau’in. Bugu da ƙari, ya dogara ne akan hanyar da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma shekarun shanu.

Ga nau’ikan nama, yawan yanka yakan kai kashi 58-60% na jimlar nauyin gawa. Ba a tsara noman kiwo don samar da nama mai yawa ba kuma yawan nama a nan shine kawai 40%.

Don haka, ingantaccen bayani game da nauyin sa ko saniya na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan kiwon dabbobi. Suna ba ka damar zaɓar abincin da ya dace don dabba, gano cututtuka a cikin lokaci, daidaita farashin siyarwa daidai, da ƙayyade yawan nama na shanu. Haka kuma, ko da gonar ba ta da ma’auni masu dacewa da aikin, ana iya gano yawan halittu masu rai ta hanyar amfani da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka nuna a cikin labarin.