Ladan aladu na nau’in Mangalitsa

Daga cikin nau’ikan aladun artiodactyl na Turai daban-daban, Mangalica na Hungarian ya fi fice. Wannan dabbar ta dade tana gab da bacewa, amma duk da haka an sake dawo da layin jinsin, kuma har yanzu manoma daga ko’ina cikin Turai suna kiwon aladu masu kaifi.

Aladu Mangalitsa

Tarihin asalin jinsin

An haifi aladun farko na mangalica na Hungarian a cikin karni na 1830, ko kuma a cikin 1860. Babban rawa a cikin kiwo na Archduke Joseph ne. Shi ne wanda, ta hanyar haye Carpathian na gida da aladu na daji daga Serbia, ya sami damar samun sabon layin layi na m. A nan gaba, masu shayarwa na Hungary sun ci gaba da inganta ingancin dabba, kuma a ƙarshe an kafa nau’in brazier ta hanyar XNUMX.

Jama’ar yankin na son sabon nau’in aladu. Lokacin da aka yanka, yana yiwuwa a sami naman alade mai laushi mai laushi, da kuma yawan kitsen mai. Kuma da yake ana daraja kayayyakin da ke da kitse sosai a wancan lokacin, naman mangale ya fi shahara a duk kasuwannin kasar nan. A sakamakon haka, adadin dabbobi ya karu, wanda ya kai kawuna dubu 30.

Amma a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, naman alade mai laushi ya zama sananne, wanda ya haifar da kusan bacewar yawan jama’ar brazier a kasar. An sake dawo da shi a ƙarshen karni, wanda kamfanoni na Spain suka taimaka wajen yin amfani da naman mangalitsa da yawa don samar da jamon da lomo.

Magana. Har zuwa yau, ana rarraba nau’in a ko’ina cikin Hungary, ana kuma bred a cikin UK da Ukraine. A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun wakilan layin pedigree musamman da wuya.

Bayani da halaye na irin

Hungarian downy mangalica yana da sunaye daban-daban. Hakanan ya haɗa da nau’ikan iri da yawa. Amma, duk da wannan, babban fasali na waje da yawan aiki suna kama da su duka.

Hungarian downy mangalica

Dangane da nau’in haɓakar aladu, braziers na cikin nama da man alade. Don haka, manyan abubuwan da jikinsu ke da shi sun yi daidai:

• ƙananan masu girma dabam;
• gangar jikin mai ƙarfi da ƙasusuwa;
• babban ciki, dan kadan sagging;
• madaidaiciya ko kadan baka baya;
• gajerun kafafu masu ƙarfi;
• fadi da zurfin kirji.

Amma har yanzu, babban fasalin da ke bambanta aladun Hungary daga sauran nau’ikan shine dogon gashi mai lanƙwasa. A zahiri, irin waɗannan dabbobi sun fi aladu kamar tumaki. Rigar su tana da tsayi da lanƙwasa. Kusa da jiki, nau’in bristles na biyu yana girma – kumburi mai laushi wanda ke kare daga sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara da iska.

Launi na iya zama nau’i hudu:

• fari;
• baki;
• ja;
• motley.

Zaɓin farko shine ya fi kowa. Daga cikin dukkanin mutanen da ke cikin irin wannan artiodactyls, fararen fata suna da kashi 80%.

Yawan aiki

Matsakaicin nauyin shuka na wannan iri-iri ya bambanta daga 160 zuwa 200 kg. Boars suna girma da girma kuma cikin sauƙin kai kilogiram 300 na nauyi. Girman girma na piglets shine 0.7 kg kowace rana. Domin watanni shida, piglets girma har zuwa 70 kg.

Hungarian mangalica yana ciyar da alade

Nama da kitse na wannan nau’in aladu suna da daraja don ƙayyadaddun nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i). Kauri daga cikin kitsen dabbobi ya kai 6,5 cm. Ana amfani da kayan nama na gasassun don shirya abincin da aka fi sani da duniya – jamon, da kuma samar da tsiran alade da sauran kayan abinci na nama.

Iri iri-iri

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dangane da launi na gashin, dukkanin layin mangalits an raba su zuwa nau’i-nau’i da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, kai tsaye ya dogara da abin da launi yake cikin dabba, ko an yarda da shi don aikin kiwo ko a’a. Don kiyaye tsabtar nau’in, kawai ana amfani da launuka huɗu na aladu a cikin kiwo.

Farin mangalicas

Mafi rinjaye na yawan al’adun Hungarian (kimanin 80%) yana da wannan launi. Masu kiwo za su iya lura da fararen fararen samfuran duka da daidaikun mutane masu inuwa iri-iri. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne kodadde rawaya ko haske launin toka.

Fatar duhu akan facin da kewayen idanu ya bambanta da launin fari. Alade mai haske mai launin gashi ya fi shahara a cikin kiwo mai tsabta.

Red da baki mangalicas

Mai kiwon ya sami nasarar samun jajayen kwat din ta hanyar tsallaka fararen mangalit na yau da kullun tare da wani nau’in gida. Amma launin bristle na musamman ba shine kawai fasalin nau’in ba. Shaggy ja aladu suna ba da shawarar samun ƙarin riba na yau da kullun a cikin ƙananan dabbobi, sakamakon abin da jimlar nauyin babba ya ɗan yi sama da ma’auni. Gabaɗaya, launi kuma na iya bambanta daga ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.

Red mangalicas

Baƙar fata iri-iri yana da girma girma. Koyaya, duka bangarorin biyu suna da wuya. Ana kiwo su a Hungary na musamman a cikin gonakin jihohi. Kuma doka ta haramta sayar da dabbobi masu irin waɗannan launuka zuwa gonaki masu zaman kansu.

Haddiya

Masu shayarwa sun sami nasarar samun irin wannan kwat da wando ta hanyar hada kayan kiwo na nau’ikan fararen fata da dabbobin irin Sirmium. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a bambanta launuka na halittu masu rai, da kuma inganta tsarin mulki da kuma ƙara girman alade. Amma a cikin karni na XNUMX, waɗannan halayen sun ɓace a hankali, kuma a yau barbecue-swallows ba su bambanta da girman da ma’auni ba.

Dabbobi da wannan launi suna da guntun gashi. A baya, da kuma a tarnaƙi, gaba ɗaya baki ne. Ciki, gefen ciki na gabobin da wuya an lullube su da fari, ja ko haske mai launin toka.

Kulawa da kulawa

Dangane da kulawa, aladen Hungarian mai gashi ba shi da fa’ida sosai. Kauri mai kauri na ulu da rigar ƙasa suna kare shi daidai daga sanyi da hazo. Amma har yanzu, ya kamata a kiyaye wasu dokoki yayin kiyaye irin waɗannan dabbobi. Kuma sama da duka, ya shafi hanyar kiyaye halittu masu rai.

Don kiwo mangalits, an fi amfani da buɗaɗɗen makirci don kiwon dabbobi. Ana ajiye dukkan dabbobi duk shekara a cikin budaddiyar alkalami kuma suna kiwo a wuraren kiwo na musamman. Ana iya yin kiwo a yankunan makiyaya ko a cikin dazuzzuka.

Tabbas, hanyar rufaffiyar ajiyar kuma ta dace da kiwo irin waɗannan artiodactyls, wanda ya haɗa da rayuwa a duk shekara a cikin ƙayyadaddun aladu. Amma wannan hanyar tana da fa’idodi masu yawa:

• don tabbatar da lafiya da haɓaka mai kyau, ana buƙatar abinci na musamman, wanda yake da tsada sosai don ɗauka ko da a kan sikelin masana’antu;
• dabbobi suna buƙatar tafiya akai-akai, in ba haka ba da sauri suna girma tare da kitse mai yawa, wanda kuma yana da mummunar tasiri akan ingancin nama;
• rufaffiyar abun ciki yana haifar da molting akai-akai da cikakken bacewar bristles daga jiki.

Mangalitsa akan kiwo

An haɗu da tsarin da ya fi dacewa don shuka barbecues. Ya ƙunshi ajiye garke a gida kawai a lokacin sanyi. Da zuwan ciyawa ta farko, ana sakin duk dabbobi a buɗaɗɗen alkaluma da wuraren kiwo.

Suna ƙunshe da irin waɗannan aladu cikin yarda da waɗannan abubuwan kulawa:

• ƙasa a cikin murjani ko kasan da ke cikin ɗakin an rufe shi da gado mai kauri;
• Ana canza bambaro ko sawdust sau biyu a mako (mafi ƙarancin);
• yankin tafiya yana da shinge tare da wani abin dogara ko wurin shakatawa;
• a cikin hunturu, an shigar da babban hay a cikin corral, wanda dabbobi za su iya ɓoyewa;
• a cikin sito a cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 15 ba;
• a kan gudu dole ne ya zama mafaka daga hasken rana.

Gabaɗaya, yankin da aka ba da shawarar don aladu 14 shine 1 ha na kiwo. Matasa girma a cikin wannan yanki za a iya kiwo a cikin adadin 74 piglets.

Ciyar da mangalit na Hungary

Dangane da zaɓin abinci, mangalitsy sune herbivores. Akwai cikakkun shirye-shirye na musamman da shawarwari don kitso dabbobinsu, waɗanda masu kiwon Hungarian suka haɓaka. Amma, kowannen su gaba daya ya kebance sinadaran additives da abubuwan kara kuzari. Ba sa ba da tasirin da ake so.

Tushen abincin irin waɗannan dabbobi a lokacin rani shine haramun. A cikin hunturu, an maye gurbin shi da hay mai inganci. Hakanan a cikin menu na aladu an ba da izinin yin:

• dankali, beets, karas;
• wake;
• zucchini da kabewa;
• silage;
• tafi;
• chestnuts da acorns;
• algae daban-daban.

Kuna iya ƙara menu na kayan lambu tare da kifi da kwadi, wanda aladu ke ci tare da jin daɗi.

Alade suna son cin kwadi

Ana gabatar da abubuwan da suka dace a cikin abinci, tsantsarin dosing. Wata guda kafin shirin yankan dabbobi, ana ƙara yawan kuɗin su na yau da kullun zuwa 300 g. Irin wannan nau’in alade yana da saurin kamuwa da kiba, don haka ba a ba da shawarar wuce wannan adadin ba. Sauran lokacin, ana amfani da hatsi ne kawai azaman suturar sama, gauraye da sauran nau’ikan abinci.

Hankali! Tabbatar cewa abincin dabba yana da isasshen adadin ma’adanai. Don yin wannan, ana shigar da ƙananan yumbu, kashi, kifi da nama da abincin kashi, da kuma alli a cikin abincin.

Kiwo na Hungarian mangalica

A cikin aladu shaggy na Hungary, balaga na faruwa a kusa da watan 12 na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin ne jikin dabba ya zama cikakke don yin jima’i da kuma haihuwar ‘ya’ya. A cikin farrowing na farko, mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ta kawo fiye da ‘ya’yan 6 ba. Daga baya, yayin da shuka ya girma, yawan jariran ya karu zuwa 10, sau da yawa sau da yawa 12. Ya kamata a lura cewa da farko an haifi dukan ‘ya’yan itace, wanda ya sa piglets yayi kama da dangi na daji. Kuma kawai bayan wani lokaci suna samun launi mai dacewa.

Dukkanin tsarin shuka shuka da kula da aladun jarirai sun ƙunshi a cikin irin waɗannan lokutan:

1. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin farrowing, mace mai ciki Mangalitsa an mayar da ita zuwa wani busasshen da aka keɓance na musamman tare da matsanancin zafin jiki.
2. Bayan haihuwar jaririn, an yanke igiyar cibiya a hankali, kuma a nan da nan ana kula da wurin da aka yanke tare da maganin iodine.
3. Daga nan sai a gaggauta goge jariran daga ruwan a mayar da su wurin mahaifiyar.
4. Bayan haihuwar alade na ƙarshe, an share kasan ɗakin da aka ajiye iyali a hankali kuma an cire dattin, a maye gurbin shi da sabon.
5. Tun daga farkon kwanakin farko, ana ba da alluran shirye-shirye tare da babban abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe.
6. Soyayyen maida hankali da dusa ana gabatar da su a cikin abincin jarirai daga ranar 5th na rayuwa.
7. Yaye dabbobin matasa ana aiwatar da su nan da nan bayan da halayen halayen sun ɓace.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da irin

Kamar kowane layin nau’in, Mangalica na Hungarian yana da fa’ida da rashin amfani. Babban fa’idodin iri-iri sun haɗa da:

• sauƙin kulawa da kula da dabbobi;
• ba tare da buƙatar abinci ba;
• rigakafi mai ƙarfi ga cututtuka halayen sauran nau’in aladu;
• high quality-nama, halin musamman marbling da dandano;
• juriya da babban juriya ga mummunan yanayi;
• kwantar da hankali hali.

Alade mangalica

Ya kamata a bayyana rashin amfani:

• tsada mai tsada;
• tsawaita balaga a cikin mata.

Mangalica na Hungarian, duk da tsada mai tsada, zai zama riba mai fa’ida da siye ga kowace gona. Irin wannan dabba yana iya faranta wa mai shi rai ba kawai tare da bayyanar launi ba, har ma tare da nama mai kyau da man alade, wanda shahararrensa ya sake girma. Amma kafin siyan dabba, ya kamata ku fahimci kanku a hankali tare da fasalin noman sa.