Shirye-shiryen broiler: fasali na tsari

Broilers suna daya daga cikin shahararrun nau’in kaji. Yawancin ana yin su ne don neman nama mai laushi, saboda broilers sun fi girma sau 3-4 fiye da kaji na yau da kullun. Wannan labarin zai mayar da hankali kan mataki na farko na noma – shiryawa na ƙwai broiler.

Shirya

Matakin shiryawa yana da matukar mahimmanci ga duk tsarin shiryawa. Mataki na farko shine zaɓin ƙwai don shiryawa. Dole ne qwai su zama sabo, bai wuce kwanaki 5-6 ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine kwanaki 1-2. Ba shi da kyau a yi amfani da samfurori da aka adana fiye da mako guda – yawan ƙwayar kaji yana raguwa, lokacin haɓakawa yana ƙaruwa, kuma kaji na iya zama mai rauni da rashin lafiya. Lokacin siyan kayan tushen, duba yanayin ajiyar ƙwai, ko an yi musu canjin yanayin zafi – zafi mai zafi ko sanyi yana cutar da tayin.

A hankali bincika ƙwai don lalacewar waje. Duk wani tsagewa, girma ko wasu rashin daidaituwa akan harsashi shine dalilin ƙin yarda. Yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar kwafi iri ɗaya a cikin girman da girma, manne wa “ma’anar zinariya” – taro na kusan 55-60 g da matsakaicin girma. Ƙananan ƙwai – haɗarin samun zuriya marasa lafiya ko marasa lafiya. Manya-manya sau da yawa ba sa haihuwa (yolks 2).

Har ila yau kula da siffar ƙwai – ya kamata ya zama classic (oval dan kadan kunkuntar a daya karshen).

Duk wani ƙetare (siffar pear, elongation ko wuce haddi, da dai sauransu) ba za a yarda da su ba, wannan shine alamar farko na rashin haihuwa.

Hanya na gaba shine zaɓi na zaɓi, amma yana da kyawawa sosai – wannan gwaji ne na ƙwai don haihuwa. A dabi’a, don wannan kuna buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, kamar fitilar ovoscopic. Kuna iya haɗa shi da kanku ko ku saya a cikin shago.

Yi la’akari da alamun ƙwan da aka samu nasara (lokacin da fitila ta haskaka).

Kasancewa a tsakiyar gwaiduwa na wani wuri mai duhu a bayyane na ƙaramin girman (a zahiri 2-3 mm).
Kaurin harsashi Uniform.
Ƙananan ɗakin iska (kimanin 1,5 cm a diamita) yana bayyane a fili, yana kusa da ƙarshen kwai. Fuzziness na hoton da wani wuri daban-daban suna nuna cewa ƙwai ba su da kyau, sabili da haka, ba su dace da shiryawa ba.
Ya kamata gwaiduwa ya zama ɗaya kuma yana cikin tsakiya, ko kuma a ɗan matsa shi cikin ɓangaren kwai mara kyau, yayin da iyakokinsa ya zama masu banƙyama, blur.
Lokacin ƙoƙarin juyawa da sauri, motsi na gwaiduwa yakamata ya kasance a hankali.
Baya ga amfrayo, kwai bai kamata ya kasance yana da aibobi masu duhu ba: gudan jini, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu.

Sa’an nan kuma ya kamata a hankali tsaftace farfajiyar harsashi daga cututtuka daban-daban – suna toshe pores, don haka ya hana amfrayo daga kwararar oxygen. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da bayani mai ƙarfi na potassium permanganate tare da zazzabi na 25-35 digiri. Sanya ƙwai a hankali a cikin akwati tare da bayani na potassium permanganate kuma barin minti 4-5. Wannan maganin kuma zai ba ku damar kashe ƙwai, ban da tsaftace su daga datti da tarkace. Tabbas, don wankewa, zaku iya yi da ruwan dumi kawai.

Bayan wannan hanya, a hankali sanya ƙwai a kan zane (kada ku shafa) kuma bari bushe. Sannan ana iya loda su cikin incubator. Ya kamata a sanya ƙwai na broiler a kwance ko a kusurwar har zuwa digiri 45. Zabin wannan matsayi yana dogara ne akan girman da nauyin ƙwai, saboda matsayi na tsaye zai haifar da jin dadi zuwa kasa da kuma lalacewa na gaba kuma ya manne a saman ciki na harsashi.

Yanayin ƙaddamarwa

A halin yanzu ana karɓa amfani 2 hanyoyin shiryawa na tsuntsaye qwai.

Classic. Ana yin kwanciya kwai a lokaci ɗaya da sau ɗaya, bayan haka an daidaita yanayin kuma an fara shiryawa. Kajin suna ƙyanƙyashe a rana ɗaya a ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Universal. Bambancinsa daga tsarin gargajiya yana cikin gaskiyar cewa kowane kwanaki 4-7 ana sanya ƙarin ƙwai ɗaya ko biyu a cikin incubator. Bayan makonni biyu na kasancewa a cikin incubator, samfurori sun fara zafi sosai (a yanayin ci gaban amfrayo). Ƙarawa a hankali na sabo ne qwai yana ba ka damar daidaita yanayin zafi da hana zafi.

Noman kajin broiler a cikin incubator kusan ba shi da bambanci da shuka kajin wasu nau’ikan iri. Ƙananan nuances suna hade da girman ƙwai – sun kasance kusan sau ɗaya da rabi fiye da yadda aka saba. Wataƙila babban bambanci shine kawai a cikin yanayin samun iska na incubator: don broilers, lokaci da mita na samun iska ya kamata a ƙara kusan sau 2-3.

Yawan juyewar kwai kuma yana ƙaruwa – ana yin wannan don haɓakar haɓakar amfrayo da kuma hana shi mannewa kowane gefen kwai.

Table 1. Yanayin shiryawa na ƙwai broiler

Kar a manta game da matakin zafi a cikin incubator. Idan iskar ta bushe sosai, sai a fesa kwai da ruwan dumi, sau daya a cikin kwanaki kadan ya wadatar. Bayan mako na farko, duba ƙwai; idan an sami samfurori marasa inganci (ruɓaɓɓen), jefar da su nan da nan. Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi bayan kwanaki 17.

A cikin ‘yan kwanakin nan (20-21), an shawarci wasu masu kiwon kaji don ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin na’urar – don sauƙaƙe pecking da karya harsashi. Idan kun zaɓi nau’in nau’in broiler COBB-500 don kiwo, yanayin za a iya ɗan canza shi.

Tebur 2. Yanayin ƙyanƙyashe COBB-500 qwai

Nasiha ga Mafari

Idan wannan shine karon farko na ƙoƙarin kiwo kajin broiler a gida, A ƙasa akwai wasu shawarwari masu sauƙi daga masana.

Kwanaki 2-3 kafin saka samfurin a cikin na’urar, kar a manta da kurkura sosai da kuma lalata incubator. Ana amfani da maganin bleach sau da yawa don kashe kwayoyin cuta. Bayan waɗannan hanyoyin, dole ne a wanke na’urar kuma a bushe.
Bayan an wanke incubator, tabbatar da saita shi kuma duba aikin duk tsarin. Don yin wannan, gudanar da shi na awanni 10-12 a yanayin aiki kuma gwada shi. Idan kun sami wata matsala, yi ƙoƙarin gyara su da kanku ko ku gayyaci ƙwararru.
Zaɓin zaɓi shine maraice kwanciya ƙwai a cikin incubator. A wannan yanayin, kajin sun fara ƙyanƙyashe da safe na ranar 21st, kuma da yamma kusan kowa ya riga ya murmure, har ma yana iya ci. Kwancin maraice yana da wani fa’ida: ya fi dacewa don gudanar da binciken kwai tare da ovoscope a farkon kwanakin 7th da 18th bayan fara tsarin shiryawa da maraice, ba tare da gaggawa a ko’ina ba.
Kada ku sanya ƙwai kusa da juna, rata tsakanin su ya kamata ya zama akalla santimita daya da rabi. Wuri na kusa yana cike da zafi da mutuwa (cututtukan ci gaba) na embryos.
Kula da yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi a cikin hatcher. Ƙananan sauye-sauye na gajeren lokaci, ba shakka, na iya zama, amma har yanzu yana da kyawawa don ba da izinin irin wannan ƙetare. An haramta cin zarafin zafin jiki na tsawon lokaci. A lokaci guda, wurin ma’aunin ma’aunin zafi da sanyio yana da matukar mahimmanci – kar a rataye shi a kusa da rami mai iska, a cikin wannan yanayin ba za a yi la’akari da karatunsa ba. Idan akwai rashin daidaituwa na rarraba zafi a sassa daban-daban na na’urar, kawai canza wuraren ƙwai a kai a kai: matsawa daga tsakiya zuwa gefe, da kuma mataimakin.
A ranakun 19-20, shigar da ƙarin akwati na ruwa a cikin incubator – don ƙara yawan yanayin zafi da sauƙaƙe sakin kaji.

Taƙaice, zamu iya cewa: girma broilers a gida a cikin incubator wani aiki ne wanda ya dace da mafari.