Kaza qwai ne mai muhimmanci da kuma ba makawa samfurin na rage cin abinci da kuma dauke da wata babbar adadin abubuwa da ake bukata ga jiki. Shi ya sa ana iya samun kajin da ke da kwai ba kawai a cikin gonakin kaji ba, har ma a gonaki masu zaman kansu. Yawancin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda zai ba ku damar samun fiye da 200 qwai a kowace shekara.
Siffofin
Kwancen kaji suna da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun aikin gona kuma sun bambanta sosai da nama da nau’ikan iri na duniya. Daga cikin alamun waje, ana iya lura da jiki mai yawa da ƙananan girman: matsakaicin nauyin kaji shine 1.8 kg, zakara – ba fiye da 2,7 kg ba. Bayan haka, nau’in kwai sun fi girma da wuri fiye da nama da nau’o’in duniya, kuma suna kai girma a rana ta 140, kuma wasu nau’ikan suna da cikakkiyar damar samar da ƙwai a cikin kwanaki 125-130. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa kajin kwai suna tashi da kyau, wanda aka tabbatar da ƙananan nauyin su, manyan fuka-fuki da elongated wutsiya. Kusan duk kwanciya kaji suna da haske kwarangwal, wani elongated jiki, karamin kai da manyan kafafu, wanda alama ya bambanta da nauyi da m broilers.
Suna da tsefe mai kyau, an zana su da jajayen sautuna masu haske kuma suna da hakora da yawa.. Launinsa wani nau’in alama ne na lafiya da yawan aiki na tsuntsu, kuma asarar haske na ɗan lokaci yakan nuna matsaloli. Wani nau’in nau’in nau’in kwai na musamman shine yiwuwar adana keji, wanda ba zai iya rinjayar yawan yawan dabbobin ba. Koyaya, don ingantacciyar lafiya da haɓakar ƙwai na unguwannin, wuraren da ake tsare da su dole ne su kasance da kayan aiki da kyau da dacewa ga tsuntsaye.
Dangane da yanayin kwanciya kaji, shi ma ya sha bamban sosai da yanayin nama da nau’in jinsin duniya. Irin waɗannan tsuntsaye suna halin babban aikin motsa jiki, wani lokaci suna juya cikin tashin hankali kuma saboda haɓakar haɓakar metabolism. Daga cikin fasalulluka na wakilan nau’in kwai, ana iya lura da ƙananan nauyin iyaye, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba su da matukar dacewa a matsayin kaza. Don waɗannan dalilai, masu shayarwa suna amfani da incubator ko yin ƙwai a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙwazo da alhakin kajin wasu nau’ikan. Wani fasalin kwanciya kaji shine kyakkyawan ci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsu yana ba da adadi mai yawa na ƙwai, saboda wanda kullum jikinsa yana buƙatar sake cika abubuwa masu amfani.
Yawan aiki da launi na qwai
Samuwar kwai na kaji yana samuwa ne ta hanyar yanayin halitta na wani mutum da nau’in gaba ɗaya. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kowane kaza yana da adadin ƙwai, wanda aka haifa a matakin haɓakar amfrayo. Yawan su yana dawwama kuma baya canzawa tsawon rayuwa. Baya ga gado, wasu abubuwa kuma suna shafar samar da kwai, kamar abinci, yanayin gidaje da yanayin lafiyar tsuntsu.
Duk da cewa kowace kajin kwanciya ya ƙunshi ƙwai masu yawa, waɗanda aka tsara don shekaru 12-15, bayan shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa, yawancin kaji suna shiga ƙarƙashin wuka.. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kololuwar samar da kwai yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 2-2,5 shekaru, bayan haka yawan aiki ya ragu. A matsakaita, lafiya kwanciya kaza yana iya ɗaukar daga 200 zuwa 220 qwai a kowace shekara, amma a kan kiwon kaji gonakin wannan lambar ya kai 250-350 guda. Mai rikodi a tsakanin kaji ana ɗaukar kaza mai suna Princess, wakilin nau’in Leggorn. Ta yi nasarar kafa tarihi tare da yin kwai 360 a shekara.
Wannan ita ce mafi kyawun nuni a duk tarihin abubuwan lura, wanda har yanzu babu wanda ya iya wuce gona da iri. An yi imani da cewa adadin ƙwai da aka kafa ta yanayi bai wuce guda 1000 ba, amma godiya ga aikin kiwo, manoman kaji sun sami damar samun daidaikun mutane tare da ajiyar tantanin halitta na 3 har ma da guda dubu 4. Irin waɗannan kaji suna iya samar da ƙwai 300 ko fiye a kowace shekara, duk da haka, yawan amfanin su kuma ya faɗi akan shekaru 2-3.
Yawan aiki na kwanciya kaji yana da tasiri musamman ta molting da damuwa. Kuma idan na farko dole ne a yarda da shi azaman makawa, to ana iya guje wa damuwa. Don yin wannan, ya kamata ku zaɓi wurin da ake ajiyewa a hankali kuma kada ku zaunar da tsuntsaye kusa da manyan hanyoyi da sauran hanyoyin ƙara yawan hayaniya. Shiru kawai, kwanciyar hankali, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da yanayin jin daɗi na iya ba da garantin babban aiki da ingancin kwai mai kyau. Na farko qwai a cikin kwanciya kaji kadan kadan, kuma yawanci nauyinsu bai wuce 40-50 g ba. Duk da haka, yanayin yana canzawa a hankali, kuma kaza mai shekara guda yana iya ɗaukar manyan samfurori masu nauyin 60-65 g.
Game da launi na ƙwai, akwai wasu na yau da kullum a cikin wannan al’amari. Launin launin kwai ko rashinsa ya dogara da irin kajin da kuma irin launin ruwansa. Duk da haka, wannan magana ba ta aiki 100%, kuma ba sabon abu ba ne kaji su yi ƙwai masu launi daban-daban a cikin nau’in iri ɗaya. A wani ɓangare, launi na harsashi yana rinjayar abincin kaji. Don haka, tare da rashin mahimman amino acid, ƙarfin launi yana raunana sosai, amma babban launi ya kasance iri ɗaya.
Idan har yanzu kazar tana matashi kuma ba ta taɓa yin kwanciya ba, to akwai hanyar da za a iya tantance launin ƙwayayenta na gaba. Don yin wannan, kawai kula da kunnen kunne na pullets, launin fari wanda zai nuna fari, da ja – ƙwai mai launin ruwan kasa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa baƙar fata hens kuma suna yin ƙwai masu launin ruwan kasa. Launi na musamman yana da alhakin launin ruwan kasa – protoporphyrin, wanda ke shiga cikin rufin mahaifa a lokacin da aka samu harsashi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha’awa ita ce, ban da ƙwai masu launin fari da launin ruwan kasa, akwai shuɗi, ruwan hoda, rawaya har ma da ƙwai masu launin kore. Kaji marasa jela ne ke ɗauke da su, waɗanda ke da ƙananan ƙahoni, kuma suna zaune a Kudancin Amirka. Wannan nau’in sabon nau’in ana kiransa araucana kuma yana da daraja sosai a gida. An yi tunanin cewa ƙwai masu launin shuɗi-kore suna da ƙananan matakan cholesterol da ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin micronutrient. Sai dai kuma daga baya ya zama cewa, in ban da kalar harsashi, ba su da bambanci da kwai irin na gargajiya, kuma hasashe game da su ya fara raguwa.
Idan kun yi ƙoƙarin haɗa launi tare da yawan aiki, to babu haɗin kai a nan, kuma canza launi ba ya shafar adadi ko ingancin ƙwai ta kowace hanya.
Iriyya
Ya zuwa yanzu, akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan kwai iri-iri, daga cikinsu akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan halitta da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan kiwo ne da aka samu sakamakon aikin kiwo. Da ke ƙasa akwai ƙimar mafi kyawun nau’ikan ƙwai, waɗanda ke da amfani don kiyaye ba kawai a cikin manyan wuraren kiwon kaji ba, har ma a cikin gidaje.
Leggorn
Wannan nau’in kajin watakila shine mafi mashahuri kuma ana amfani dashi sosai don kiwon kaji na masana’antu. Wurin da aka haifi wannan nau’in shine Italiya, inda, a kusa da birnin Livorno, masu kiwon dabbobin Amurka sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kan ketare kajin Italiya tare da kaji daga Japan da Spain. Sakamakon aikin jajircewa shine don samun sabon nau’in kaji mai matuƙar amfani, wanda zai iya samar da kwai 300 a kowace shekara. Balagaggen jima’i a cikin leggorns yana faruwa da wuri, kuma suna iya yin kwai na farko suna da shekaru 4. Dukansu kaji da zakaru suna da ginin haske, babban tsefe mai siffar ganye da doguwar wuya mai lanƙwasa. Furen ya fi sau da yawa fari, amma wani lokacin ana samun mutane masu launin shuɗi, fawn da ɗigo. Farashin ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai shine 30-40 rubles, kajin kowane wata zai biya 250 rubles da kai, kuma masu watanni 5 zasu kai kusan 500 rubles.
Fararen Rasha
Wannan nau’in cikin gida yana dacewa da yanayin gida da abinci na Rasha, kuma baya haifar da wahala a cikin girma. Yawancin masana sun ba da shawarar fara farar kajin Rasha a matsayin dabbobin farko. Wannan nau’in shine sakamakon zaɓin, wanda aka gudanar tare da sa hannu na farin leghorns da nau’in gida. A sakamakon haka, ana iya samun babban tsuntsu mai yin kwai, wanda zai iya yin kwai daga shekaru 5 da haihuwa kuma yana samar da kwai 260 a kowace shekara. Babban amfani da nau’in shine barga yawan aiki, wanda baya raguwa daga matsanancin zafi ko rashin abinci, da cikakkiyar rashin fahimta a cikin kulawa. Bugu da ƙari, kaji suna da yanayin kwanciyar hankali sosai kuma suna dacewa da sauran mazaunan filin kiwon kaji. Farashin kaji yana daga 30 zuwa 100 rubles kuma ya dogara da darajar hannun jari na iyaye.
Lohman Brown
Ana ɗaukar wannan giciye mafi shahara a Turai. An kwatanta shi da sauƙi mai sauƙi da babban yawan aiki. An haifa irin wannan nau’in a Jamus, kuma tsuntsayen tsibirin Rhode da Plymouth Rock an dauki su azaman iyaye. Samuwar ƙwai yana faruwa yana da shekaru 135 kwanaki kuma ya kai kololuwar sa da kwanaki 180. A cikin shekara ta farko da rabi, kaza mai kwanciya yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa qwai 330 a kowace shekara, bayan haka yawan aiki ya ragu kadan kuma an ajiye shi a cikin 250-280 guda. Daga cikin fa’idodin irin nau’in, ana iya lura da ƙarancin amfani da abinci, kuma daga cikin rashin amfani akwai rashin yiwuwar samun zuriya ta hanyar halitta. Duk da haka, wannan matsala ita ce halayyar yawancin hybrids, wanda ba ya sa su zama sananne. Farashin kwai daga wurin kiwo shine 40 rubles, kuma kaza mai watanni 2 zai biya 150-200 rubles.
Bayan Brown
Wannan gicciyen giciye yana da girma da samar da kwai kuma an samo shi daga ƙetare Leggorns da tsibirin Rhode. Ƙasar mahaifar nau’in ita ce Holland, daga inda ta fara yaduwa da sauri ta hanyar Turai sannan kuma a duniya. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, yawan aiki ya fi 370 qwai, wanda ke ba ku damar samun kwai sabo a zahiri kowace rana. Duk da haka, da shekaru daya da rabi, samar da kwai ya ragu kaɗan, amma na dogon lokaci ana kiyaye shi a matakin 200-250. A cewar mafi yawan masana, wannan giciye yana da dangantaka mai tsauri tsakanin ma’auni mai gina jiki da kuma aiki, wanda za’a iya danganta shi ga duka biyu da ƙari. Farashin ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai ya tashi daga 40 rubles, kuma ga wani babba mai watanni 5, dole ne ku biya akalla 500.
rinjaye
Wannan giciye yana da tattalin arziki kuma yana cikin nau’ikan nau’ikan duniya. Samar da kwai na manya a kololuwar yawan aiki shine aƙalla guda 300 a kowace shekara. Tsuntsaye suna da babban jiki kuma suna da kyawawan launi masu launuka iri-iri. Dangane da launi na gashin fuka-fukan, nau’ikan nau’ikan 12 sun bambanta, wanda nau’in baƙar fata da shuɗi, da kuma Sussex, ana ɗaukar su mafi mashahuri a cikin ƙasarmu. Nauyin kajin babba ya kai kilogiram 2.5, zakara – 2.8 kg. Farashin kwai na incubation shine 40 rubles, kuma don juzu’in watanni 4, zaku biya kusan 550 rubles.
Abinci
Menu na kaji da aka ajiye a cikin manyan gonaki ya ƙunshi abinci mai gina jiki na masana’antu, wanda ya haɗa da duk abubuwan da suka dace a cikin abun da ke ciki. A cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu, ana yin amfani da hanyar ciyarwa daban-daban sau da yawa, wanda, tare da abinci na gargajiya, ana ciyar da tsuntsaye tare da ƙari na musamman – premixes. Premixes wani nau’in nau’i ne na granular, wanda ya haɗa da yisti, bran, hatsi, alkama na ƙasa da sauran abubuwa makamantansu, waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin wani ƙayyadadden sashi kuma masu dacewa da juna. Har zuwa yau, akwai nau’ikan premixes da yawa: ma’adinai, bitamin, furotin, magunguna da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
Kowanne daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi cakuda hatsi kuma ya haɗa da hadaddun abubuwan da suka dace da ƙwarewa na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Misali, abubuwan ma’adinai suna wadatar da alli, wanda ya zama dole ga kaji a matakan samuwar kwarangwal da kuma aiwatar da samar da kwai, kuma rukunin furotin suna tsarma abinci na carbohydrate kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun sha. Mafi mashahuri kuma maras tsada abun da ke ciki shi ne haɗe-haɗe premix “Ryabushka”, wanda ke ba da tsuntsaye tare da duk bitamin da ma’adanai masu mahimmanci.
Baya ga premixes, ana kuma ciyar da kaji da abinci na halitta. Kimanin abincin yau da kullun na manya yakamata ya haɗa da 40 g na masara, 20 g na sha’ir, 30 g na hatsi da adadin sha’ir iri ɗaya. Babban abu shine cewa jimlar adadin hatsin hatsi bai wuce 120 g ba ….
