Akwai nau’ikan kabewa da yawa, amma duk ‘ya’yan itacen da ake ci suna kasu kashi uku bisa ga al’ada – masu tauri, manyan ‘ya’yan itace da goro. An yi imani da cewa nutmeg kabewa yana da mafi dadi ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda aka bambanta da m nutmeg ƙanshi, bakin ciki fata da kuma rikodin matakin sukari abun ciki (har zuwa 15%). Abin da iri ke cikin nutmeg pumpkins da kuma yadda za a shuka su, za mu gano ƙarin.
Menene wannan kabewa?
Butternut squash ko moskhata tsire-tsire ne na dangin kabewa, wanda mahaifarsa ita ce Amurka. Ya bambanta da sauran nau’ikan kabewa a cikin waɗannan kaddarorin:
- yana nufin nau’in ripening iri-iri, don haka, saboda rashin zafi, lokacin da aka girma a tsakiyar layi, bazai haifar da ‘ya’yan itace ba, ko ma ovaries;
- ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari na iya isa manyan girma, har zuwa 100 kg;
- siffar ‘ya’yan itace yawanci ba zagaye ba ne, amma oblong, kuma yayi kama da zucchini, wanda ya ɗan ƙunshe a tsakiya kuma yana kauri a wurin flowering;
- fatar ‘ya’yan itace mai santsi ko ribbed, yana da orange mai haske ko launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa da ratsan a tsaye koren, amma yana da bakin ciki sosai, don haka ana iya cire shi cikin sauƙi koda da wuka na yau da kullun;
- ‘ya’yan itacen suna da ɗan ƙaramin gida na iyali, amma suna ɗauke da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ɗanɗano mai launin orange, wanda ke da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ɗan ɗanɗanon goro.
Muscat kabewa ya mamaye babban matsayi a cikin danginsa dangane da dandano.
Ƙimar makamashi da abun da ke ciki
Butternut squash samfuri ne na kayan abinci iri-iri wanda jiki ke ɗauka cikin sauƙi. 100 g na ɓangaren litattafan almara ya ƙunshi har zuwa 45 kcal, kuma ƙimar kuzarin samfurin shine kamar haka:
- sunadarai – 1 g;
- fats – 0.1 g;
- carbohydrates – 9.69 g;
- fiber na abinci – 2 g;
- ruwa – 86,41 g.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun ƙunshi kitsen polyunsaturated kawai, wato, ba su ƙunshi cholesterol ba.
Hakanan ana darajar kabewa saboda abun ciki mai yawa na bitamin, gishirin ma’adinai, pectin da carotene, wanda ya ninka sau 2-3 fiye da karas iri ɗaya.
Wane irin bitamin ne ke cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa na shuka mai son zafi ana iya gani a cikin tebur:
Vitamin
Abun ciki
B1 (thiamine)
0,1 mg
B2 (riboflavin)
0.02 mg
B3 (daidai niacin, bitamin PP)
1,2 mg
B5 (pantothenic acid)
0,4 MG
B6 (pyridoxine)
0.15 MG
B9 (folic acid)
27mg ku
C (ascorbic acid)
21 mg
K (phylloquinone)
1,1g ku
E (alfa tocopherol)
1.44 MG
Kabewa ya ƙunshi ƙarancin adadin ma’adanai, jerin waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin tebur mai zuwa:
Ma’adinai abu
Abun ciki
Hardware
0,7 mg
potassium
352 mg
Calcium
48 mg
Magnesium
34 mg
Manganese
0,2 mg
Copper
0.07g ku
Sodium
4 mg
Selenium
0,5g ku
Phosphorus
33 mg
Zinc
0.15 MG
Abubuwan Amfani
Saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, tare da amfani na yau da kullun, nutmeg yana da tasiri mai kyau akan jikin mutum:
- yana wanke jiki daga gubobi, cholesterol da kayayyakin lalata, yana taimakawa wajen kawar da kitsen jiki (saboda haka, ana iya shigar da kabewa cikin aminci cikin abinci a cikin yaƙi da kiba);
- normalizes metabolism kuma yana tallafawa aikin gabobin gastrointestinal tract;
- yana ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, saturating jiki tare da bitamin da abubuwan gina jiki;
- yana da tasirin choleretic da diuretic, yana taimakawa cire salts na ƙarfe mai nauyi (a wannan batun, ana ba da shawarar kabewa don amfani da cututtukan hanta da kodan);
- yana inganta yanayin cututtuka na tsarin urinary, ciki har da taimakawa wajen narkar da duwatsu a cikin mafitsara;
- yana ƙara ƙarfin gani saboda abun ciki mai yawa na carotene;
- yana rage jinkirin tsarin tsufa tare da cin abinci na yau da kullun, kamar yadda ya cika jiki da bitamin K;
- yana hana cututtuka na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayin jini da jini, tun da yake yana dauke da potassium (saboda haka, kabewa yana taimakawa wajen kawar da anemia);
- yana kawar da kumburi a cikin hanta da prostate gland.
Don samun amfanin kabewa, ana iya cinye ta, dafa, dafa, har ma danye. Don dalilai na magani, ana bada shawara a sha 1/3 kopin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na kabewa ko decoction na harbe na shuka sau da yawa a rana.
Ba za a iya haɗa kabewa na nutmeg a cikin abincin ba a cikin akwati ɗaya kawai – tare da rashin haƙuri na mutum.
Mafi irin nutmeg kabewa
Rukunin kabewa na nutmeg ya ƙunshi nau’ikan iri da yawa waɗanda zasu iya bambanta da siffa, girman, lokacin girma da sauran sigogi da yawa. Mafi mashahuri nau’ikan sun haɗa da nau’ikan kabewa na nutmeg masu zuwa:
Vitamin
Lokacin girma yana kusan kwanaki 130, don haka ana ɗaukarsa a ƙarshen ripening amfanin gona. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma a kan dogon lasha, waɗanda ke da siffar oval ko silindi mai faɗi da nauyi daga 4,5 zuwa 6,8 kg. Fatar tana da bakin ciki, kuma kauri na ɓangaren lemu mai haske mai cin abinci ya kai cm 10. Yana da halayyar launin ruwan kasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙananan faci na launin rawaya da kore. Itacen itacen al’ada yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, amma laushi mai laushi.
Prikubanskaya
Lokacin ciyayi yana daga kwanaki 91 zuwa 136. ‘Ya’yan itacen suna da siffar pear kuma suna auna matsakaicin 2,3 zuwa 4,6 kg. Kauri daga cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da kusan 4 cm, kuma kwasfa yana da bakin ciki, kuma a kan yanke yana da launi mai laushi. Naman yana da ja-orange, mai laushi kuma mai dadi, amma kusa da tushe yana da ƙarfi kuma mai yawa. Kuna iya adana kabewa bayan girbi na watanni uku. An bred iri-iri a Cibiyar Nazarin Rice ta Duk-Rasha ta Krasnodar.
Sabo
Lokacin girma shine kimanin kwanaki 110-115. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne elongated-cylindrical ko pear-dimbin yawa, kuma dan kadan fadada a cikin flower part. Nauyin su zai iya kai 5-6 kg. Fatar sirara ce, kalar ruwan lemu kuma an lulluɓe shi da ɗigon lemu masu duhu da ratsi. Itacen ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da matsakaicin yawa, mai dadi da m. A matsakaici, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 50-70 t / ha. Wani sabon abu yana da babban ingancin kiyayewa – watanni 6-8.
Ganye
Lokacin ciyayi shine kwanaki 115-120. Matsakaicin nauyin tayin shine 4-4,8 kg. Yawan aiki – 25 t/ha. Ba kamar yawancin takwarorinsa ba, Bylinka yana da fata mai yawa daga launin toka mai haske zuwa launin toka mai duhu (gyara a cikin aiwatar da cikakken balaga). Itacen itacen al’ada yana da haske orange a launi, mai kauri, mai yawa, mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, amma ba tare da halayyar ɗanɗanon kabewa ba. Kabewa yana da tsawon rayuwar rayuwa – har zuwa kakar wasa ta gaba. Mawaƙin Kherson ne ya haifar da iri-iri “South GSOS”.
Lu’u-lu’u
Matsakaicin lokacin girma shine kwanaki 115-130. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun kai kimanin kilogiram 2,6-5,6, kuma sun kai tsayin 50 cm. Siffar su tana da zagaye-cylindrical, amma akwai kabewa masu zagaye ko kwai waɗanda ke da tsarin ribbed. Bawon yana da bakin ciki kuma mai haske orange a launi, amma a lokacin girma inuwa na iya canzawa daga launin toka-kore zuwa kore-orange. Naman yana da kauri kuma yana da ɗanɗano, tare da siffa ta orange-rawaya tint. Shuka kanta yana da ƙarfi sosai – yana ba da lashes na gefe 4-7.
Muscat na Provence
Lokacin ciyayi shine kwanaki 110-115, don haka nau’in ya yi latti. Yawan ‘ya’yan itatuwa ya kai kilogiram 4, amma zai iya kai har zuwa kilogiram 8 idan an shuka iri a nesa mai nisa da juna kuma ƙasa ta yi daidai. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna zagaye kuma sun ɗan daidaita. Fatar ta kasance orange-launin ruwan kasa, bakin ciki da ribbed. Itacen yana da daɗi kuma yana da ƙamshi, yana ɗauke da sukari mai yawa da carotene. Dole ne a adana nau’ikan masu shayarwa na Faransa don watanni 4, saboda yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da yawa.
Gitar
Lokacin ciyayi yana daga kwanaki 110 zuwa 120. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna elongated, kama da guitar. Matsakaicin nauyin su shine 2-4 kg, amma wani lokacin yana iya kaiwa 8 kg. Tsawon kabewa ɗaya yana da kusan 70-80 cm, amma akan ƙasa mai laushi zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1 m. Fatar tana da siriri kuma mai santsi, kuma lokacin da kayan lambu suka yi girma, sai ya zama ruwan lemo mai haske. Bangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara ya mamaye kusan 90-95%, wanda ke bambanta wannan nau’in da sauran.
Trombone
Lokacin girma shine kimanin kwanaki 110. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar murɗaɗɗen asali da tsayi har zuwa 50 cm, don haka ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin ado da yankunan karkara. A matsakaici, nauyin su shine 6-8 kg, amma tare da ƙasa mai kyau zai iya kaiwa 18 kg. Fatar tana da yawa kuma tana da launin orange ko kore. A lokacin cikakken girma, naman yana zama mai haske orange a launi kuma ya zama mai kamshi sosai. Kuna iya adana kabewa fiye da shekara guda. Masu shayarwa na Italiya ne suka haifar da iri-iri kuma suna da sunaye da yawa – “bututu daga Albenga” (Albenga birni ne na Italiya), “tromboncino” (kananan bututu) da “zucchetta”.
Chudo Yudo
Lokacin girma har zuwa kwanaki 120. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar oval kuma suna kimanin kilo 6-8. Fatar tana da launin ruwan lemu, tana da sifofin raga na siffa da launin toka. Ruwan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace yana da launin orange mai haske tare da jijiya ja kuma za’a iya ci sabo ne, saboda yana da dadi sosai – yana da babban abun ciki na carotene (25,5%) da sukari (4,25%).
Barbara F1
Lokacin ciyayi shine kwanaki 50-60, saboda haka shine farkon farkon matasan duniya wanda za’a iya girma a yankuna daban-daban. Idan ana shirin adana kabewa, to yana da kyau a tattara shi a ranar 85-90th bayan fitowar harbe. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna samun nauyi kimanin 2-6 kg, amma tare da ƙasa mai laushi, wannan adadi zai iya kaiwa 15 kg. Suna da siffar cylindrical tare da kauri a gefe ɗaya. Fatar ta orange ce, amma an lulluɓe shi da ratsan tsayi mai duhu kore. Itacen itace mai dadi da dadi, na matsakaicin kauri da launi mai haske.
Man gyada
Lokacin ciyayi yana kusan kwanaki 85, saboda haka yana cikin nau’ikan da suka fara girma a Jamus. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna samun siffa mai siffar pear kuma sun kai nauyin kilogiram 4. Fatar tana da launi mai daɗi, kuma naman yana da haske orange. Yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano tare da ɗanɗanon gyada mai daɗi. Ana iya adana ‘ya’yan itace na tsawon watanni 6-12.
Man shanu (“Butternut”)
Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 125-130, don haka ana ɗaukar nau’in matsakaici da wuri. An raba kabewa – samun taro na 500-700 g, kuma har zuwa ‘ya’yan itatuwa 30 na iya girma a kan shuka ɗaya. Irin nau’in ya bambanta da cewa a lokacin girma, za’a iya yanke wani yanki daga kayan lambu kuma a yi amfani da shi don manufar da aka tsara, yayin da sauran ba za su lalace ba, amma za a rufe shi da sabon kwasfa kuma ya ci gaba da girma. Kabewa mai siffar pear ne kuma mai kirim-beige a launi. Ita kanta ɓangaren litattafan almara tana da haske orange a launi, mai yawa, mai kuma yana ba da ɗanɗano mai haske. Cibiyar Gwajin Aikin Gona ta Massachusetts ne ta samar da iri-iri ta hanyar ketare ciyawar daji na Afirka da na goro.
Yawancin nau’in squash na butternut suna da zafi, amma zaka iya ɗaukar samfurori na duniya waɗanda suka dace da yanayin sanyi, misali, matasan Barbara F1 na farko.
Hanyoyin dasa shuki
Butternut squash ana shuka shi ne a cikin seedlings, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a cikin yanayin sanyi na tsakiyar layi. Idan shuka yana girma a cikin wurare masu zafi, subtropical ko subtropical zone, ana iya yin dasa shuki kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Ya kamata a yi la’akari da kowace hanya daban.
Shuka ta hanyar seedlings
ƙwararrun manoma sun fi son shuka kabewa ta hanyar tsiro, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin zafin yankin ba. Kwanaki na farko suna da matukar mahimmanci ga samuwar halayen ɗanɗano a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu zuwa, don haka yana da mahimmanci don ware yiwuwar tasirin yanayi mara kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin girma pumpkins ta hanyar seedlings, za ku iya hanzarta aiwatar da samun ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Wajibi ne a shirya seedlings bisa ga ka’idodin fasahar aikin gona na yau da kullun kwanaki 20 kafin dasawa cikin ƙasa buɗe, wato a cikin Afrilu ko Mayu. Kuna buƙatar yin aiki kamar haka:
- Shirye-shiryen iri. A jiƙa tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 3-4 a cikin ruwan zafi (kimanin 45 ° C), sannan a nannade su a cikin rigar da aka daskare kuma a ajiye su a dakin da zafin jiki har sai sun yi peck (yawanci wannan zai ɗauki kwanaki 2-3). Irin wannan shiri zai hanzarta germination na tsaba da kuma kare su daga kwari. Lokacin da ake noman ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ƙwararrun lambu kuma suna ba da shawarar taurara iri don ƙara juriyar sanyi. Don haka, ya kamata a adana tsaba na kabewa da aka rigaya don kwanaki 3-5 a cikin rigar datti iri ɗaya a kan ƙananan ɗakunan firiji. Ana iya yayyafa tsaba da aka riga aka yi da toka a matsayin microfertilizer.
- Zaɓin iya aiki. Tsire-tsire na kabewa ba sa jure wa dasawa da kyau, don haka ana bada shawarar shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane daban-daban na peat aƙalla 6 × 6 cm cikin girman. Wasu lambu suna shuka tsiro a cikin tukwane na takarda na gida. Ana iya yanke su cikin sauƙi ba tare da cutar da tushen tsarin shuka ba. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, zaku iya …
