Grapes are a rather whimsical plant, which nevertheless is often found in garden plots throughout the country. This representative of the flora requires very high-quality agricultural technology, otherwise you can not only not wait for a good harvest, but also lose the plant itself. Grapes quite often suffer from various kinds of diseases, one of the signs of which are different types of mold. These are various rot, fungal infections that affect branches, foliage, berries. The causes of these diseases are different – as well as treatment and prevention measures. All gardeners who grow grape bushes need to be prepared for such problems, because some of them can cause irreparable harm to the health of the shrub.
Causes
Mold on grapes can form only on the vine, branches, leaves, but also on the clusters themselves. Berries are quite often affected by various diseases, among which there are both very harmless and quite serious ones. First of all, the risk of mold growth increases if:
- last year the grapes were sick with a fungus;
- timely spraying with fungicidal compounds to protect the shrub was not carried out, or the measures were performed poorly;
- the temperature regime under the shelter exceeded +5 degrees;
- before the organization of the winter shelter, vitriol was not sprayed, or the composition was incorrectly made;
- very warm winter period with thaws, not frozen ground.
Mold is often one of the signs of a serious disease, such as a type of rot. The reasons for the development of the disease are different:
- white rot often affects the plant during dry periods;
- black, gray – the result of excessive moisture, for example, during the rainy season;
- fungus, provoking white rot, winters well in the bark and foliage, the higher the air temperature in spring, the faster the disease spreads.
How to treat?
By itself, mold is not a particularly viable fungus, sometimes even a simple sun can solve the problem. But this kind of gardeners should definitely not wait for mercy. If the mold is standard, it is necessary to spray the shrub after it opens with a special solution of iron sulfate. For 10 liters, about 400 grams of the product is taken. This event is carried out before the opening of the eyes, if everything is done correctly, the mold is cauterized quite quickly.
If the bush is moldy after wintering, you can make a solution of manganese so that it is light pink. If these two methods are not suitable for some reason, you should use the traditional “Fundazol”. For 10 liters, 20 g of the product is taken, this double composition does an excellent job with ordinary mold on the bush.
What to do if a shrub is struck by some type of rot? More serious measures may be required here, but first of all, all affected areas are destroyed: clusters, shoots, foliage.
Therapeutic measures:
- after the destruction of the infected areas, you need to spray the plant with a solution of soda or “green soap”;
- shrub processing is carried out repeatedly – 3 times a month, and it is better to alternate the solutions;
- chemicals also work well with such a problem; you can purchase Ronilan, Rovlar, fungicidal formulations;
- chemical treatment is carried out every 2 weeks;
- white rot is helped by means intended to combat oidium or mildew;
- a complex composition of a fungicidal type – “Ridomil Gold” + “Thiovit Jet” saves well from black rot, the mixture is diluted with water, treatment is carried out 2 times a month.
It is very important to remember that all chemical treatments are not carried out during fruit ripening, otherwise you can lose the crop.
Preventive measures
First of all, it is necessary to take care since autumn that mold does not form on the shrub during the wintering period. For this, the rules of shelter are observed:
- vines are tied with fascines, that is, bunches;
- sprayed with vitriol – iron, copper;
- if the winter is abnormally warm, this may not help, then the plant will have to be treated, but this is a completely fixable problem.
As for rot, their treatment does not always bring results, so preventive measures must be strictly observed. In order not to lose a plant or part of the crop, it is important to work ahead of the curve. Preventive measures are as follows:
- since autumn, the soil near the bushes is carefully dug up, foliage, cut branches are collected, and everything is destroyed;
- in the spring, when the plant is opened, it is necessary to immediately carry out the treatment with Bordeaux liquid;
- for prevention, the compositions “Atemi”, “Topaz”, Baitan” are good;
- you can spray the vine with iodine solution – about 50 drops are taken per bucket;
- copper compositions help from white rot – vitriol, “Polyram”;
- it is very important to correctly cut the vineyard, not to let it thicken;
- carefully use fertilizers with nitrogen, relying on phosphorus-potassium supplements;
- properly moisten the shrub, you can not bring it to drought or fill it with water, everything should be in moderation, according to the weather.
And also it is worth considering that there are grape varieties that are most susceptible to fungal diseases that lead to the formation of mold. With them, you need to be especially careful and carefully observe all preventive measures.
Varieties prone to such diseases: Aligote, Rhine Riesling, Queen of Vineyards, Muscat (Hamburg, Tairov, Hungarian), Seibel, Karaburnu, Terbash, Pearl Saba, Shasla white” and others.
