What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

What is humus

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

Fertile soil, consisting of the remnants of weeds, rotted manure, fallen leaves is called humus. The soil, in which there are many nutrient components, minerals, is used to feed garden, garden, cereal crops, flowers, house plants. Chernozem is a homogeneous loose substrate of brown-black color. The finished mixture has no putrefactive and ammoniacal odor.

The benefits and benefits of humus:

  • environmentally friendly product;
  • nourishes plants;
  • the soil becomes fertile;
  • organic matter improves the quality of the soil, reduces acidity, neutralizes herbicides and salts;
  • increases the quality and quantity of the crop;
  • sandy soil with the addition of humus becomes viscous and retains moisture well;
  • clay soil becomes light and loose, air access to the roots improves;
  • used as mulch so that the surface of the earth does not overheat.

Humus – what is it, its composition

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

Humus is used to feed seedlings and vegetables, to increase soil fertility. The finished humus has an even dark color, smells like earth, looks like a homogeneous loose mass. It contains acids: ulminic, heral and humic.

What is humus, what does it consist of:

  • manure;
  • foliage;
  • straw, hay;
  • bird droppings;
  • weed grass;
  • fruits vegetables;
  • sawdust, bark;
  • branches of shrubs and trees.

Humus includes elements:

  • tannins – resins, lignin;
  • micro and macro elements;
  • decomposed remains of worms;
  • protein of microorganisms.

Humus composition

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

Humus consists of three main acids – rollic, humic, ulminic. The one that contains a large amount of humic acid is very appreciated. The land, in which there is a lot of it, becomes blacker, which can be seen in the photo. The composition of humus as one of the soil components includes:

  • mineral compounds;
  • protein of living and lifeless microorganisms;
  • resins and lignin;
  • remains of decomposed and no animals.

It should be borne in mind that after making it, the improvements will be visible after 12 months. If the substance is applied periodically, a good sustainable yield can be achieved. Fully ripe humus is loose and uniform, black or dark brown in color, smells like earth.

Important!

It is humus that gives impetus to the active life of earthworms and microorganisms that are present in the soil. It is one of the fertilizers that does not have any drawbacks.

Types of humus

Gardeners use mainly three types of humus: from manure, from leaves and grass, as well as compost. The safest type of fertilizer is considered to be leaf. It is often used for soil mulching.

Humus from foliage and grass

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

There are fewer nutrients in the leaf mixture, it is used to improve the composition of the soil, it serves as a loosening agent for compost. Although there is little nitrogen in the raw materials, there is enough fiber in it. When humus is introduced into the ground, there will be no overdose, leaf humus does not harm plants.

In the fall, the remains of the grass are collected, all the foliage and sent to the compost pit. Special bacteria are added to speed up the decomposition process. The compost ripens from six months to a year. In finished form, it does not stink, it resembles the aroma of forest litter.

Attention!

For the production of deciduous compost, oak foliage is not used.

Humus from manure or dung

The manure fertilizer is rich in minerals. Manure humus can be added to the soil twice a year. They add it in the fall when digging a garden, they even bring in immature humus. By spring, it will decompose and it will be possible to plant seedlings in the beds. It contains enough useful components so as not to fertilize the earth with other preparations and not to use chemical compounds. In the spring, plants are fed only with mature humus, otherwise the roots of the seedlings will die when the fertilizer ripens.

The slurry mixture has no offensive odor and contains nitrogen. Fertilizer from poultry manure is considered more useful. It is rich in iron, nitrogen, zinc and manganese. The smell of such humus is unpleasant.

Fertilizers from humus

  1. Main properties
  2. How to cook humus
  3. How to fertilize the ground with humus
  4. Liquid groundbait
  5. Safety measures
  6. Video

Humus is the final phase in the processing of many organic compounds. This material is obtained from various types of manure (horse, cow, sheep, pig). Humus is a concentrate of nutrients for vegetation. Humus baits are the best fertilizers in spring and early summer.
An interesting fact, having turned into humus, organic fertilizer loses up to 70% of its original mass and up to 30-50% of its volume. A cubic meter of humus contains from 500 to 800 (kg). It is believed that in this bucket of humus there is 6 (kg).

Humus is often confused with cooked compost. Humus and compost are very similar in nature. The lack of humus can be fully compensated for by replacing it with compost groundbait (these are also excellent fertilizers for open ground).

The main value of humus is the state of aggregation of nutrients. The microelement composition of humus is almost 100% easily digestible for vegetation. That is, having fertilized the soil with humus, the plants will receive top dressing instantly. If the soil is fertilized with fresh or semi-matured manure, it will take from 3 to 12 months until the trace elements of the “raw” fertilizer transform into an easily digestible (mobile) form for vegetation. Next, it will tell you what fertilizers are needed for the garden, how to get them and how to work with them.

How to prepare humus from manure

You can get humus by preparing it yourself from cattle manure at home. The mixture contains microorganisms that produce carbon dioxide useful for plant synthesis. With intensive decomposition of organic matter, the temperature rises, nitrogen is released. The slurry retains its properties for 5 years.

A place in the country for a manure heap is allocated in a shaded place so that water does not accumulate. Building area 2 sq. m. The place is fenced with boards, slate or iron sheets 1 m high. A box is made of 4 walls. Straw, foliage, then fresh manure are spread at the bottom of the building. The box is covered with a lid. After 5 days, the temperature rises to 60 degrees, parasites and weed seeds die. To avoid the loss of nitrogen, oxygen supply is cut off. The pile is compacted and covered with a film material, this procedure prevents the loss of potassium. Instead of a box, you can dig a hole, line the bottom with hay and lay out the manure. After a week, the pit is covered, the mass ripens for six months.

The manure processing process takes 6-12 months. For the winter, the pile is covered with a layer of earth of 15-20 cm so that the manure does not lose its useful properties. By spring, the soil is harvested, the film is not opened, the ripening process continues.

Attention!

To build a box, concrete or brick cannot be used, the material does not allow air to pass through, manure will rot without ventilation.

Manure use errors

It has been experimentally established that manure applied as fertilizer had a negative effect on the yield, reducing it by 3 times due to improper use. Often, manure is simply added to the site or plowed in, and in quantities many times higher than the norm. As a result, the chernozem soil becomes woody. More precisely, in the summer it becomes like frozen concrete. This may seem strange, because previously dug manure, in theory, should loosen the ground, benefiting the plants. And yet, plowed manure also has one huge drawback.

As it turned out, ruminants do not digest weed seeds, having passed through the gastrointestinal tract, they, once in the soil, successfully sprout, the trouble for the gardener to eradicate them will be enough for a long time. Hence the conclusion: by burying manure, the gardener loses the lion’s share of the nutrients present in it, poisons the soil with compounds that are unnecessary to plants released from the manure, and brings weed seeds into the soil.

Maybe it’s better not to use manure as fertilizer at all? Of course not. Naturally, if the soil is enriched with organic matter, there is enough compost, then it should not be fertilized. If the soil has become scarce and is no longer so fertile, then having scattered it around the garden, you can not remember about it.

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

Horse dung

How to make humus from grass and foliage

The grass for humus can be stocked up for future use, dried and left to store the herbs in bags until they are laid in the pit. The most nutritious and useful for cooking humus are green manure and nettle. They are rich in vitamins and minerals. This mixture can be prepared in a month. The mass is useful for both young seedlings and adult plants. Legumes, cruciferous plants, and lawn grass are also used to make humus.

In the fall, fallen leaves are collected and placed in polyethylene bags, which can be large garbage bags. Holes are made in the bags, the foliage is poured with water, the bags are tied, you can add additional urea. Store bags in a cellar or in a dark, dry place. It will take 2-3 years to obtain crumbly humus from foliage.

Rules for making deciduous humus:

  1. For complete decay, in addition to grass, manure is needed, it does not allow the mixture to burn. The destruction of harmful insects and their larvae is in progress.
  2. The amount of grass should not exceed 1/3 of all ingredients. Before laying, the grass is dried so that the decay process does not begin.
  3. Grass and leaf mass should be watered periodically and covered with plastic wrap. In a humid environment, worms are bred, this contributes to the rapid processing of vegetation.
  4. From time to time, the mixture is interfered with for oxygen access.

You cannot compost yew, hop, keel, lily of the valley, aconite, foxglove. Weeds bindweed, highlander, runny, wheatgrass, horsetail are not recommended, they can germinate and clog the entire area.

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Two ways to prepare grass compost:

  • aerobic – you need air access, the mass is constantly interfered with and watered;
  • anaerobic – in an airtight barrel, the mixture matures on its own, does not require human intervention.

Aerobic compost is ready in a month, but it is better to hold it for 3 months. For the second method, a solution of EM drugs is used – per ton of green mass, 1 liter of the product.

Aquatic vegetation and duckweed are also used for composting. Soft plants decompose faster. River plants are mixed with manure or soil, at least 2-3 layers are made.

If there is no desire to make a heap or a pit, a barrel is used. The cut grass is crushed, placed in a plastic barrel by 1/3 of its volume and filled to the brim with water. The mixture ferments for 2 weeks, when fermentation ends, the resulting mass is fertilized with planting. For the first 5-6 days, the barrel is tightly covered so as not to lose nitrogen.

The value of humus and ways of regulating its quantity and composition

Humus substances are of great importance in the development of soils and in their fertility: they accumulate in a potential form the energy of the sun’s rays. The humus contains and retains for a long time the main elements of plant nutrition: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. (Table 11).

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

As a result of microbiological decomposition processes, carbon is released from humus in the form of COs, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and in this form they become available for assimilation by plants. Humus substances are, therefore, the most important source of mineral nutrients in the soil, which constitute a necessary and basic condition for fertility. But the significance and role of organic soil compounds are not limited to this.

Organic substances, in addition, improve a number of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, thereby contributing to an increase in its fertility.

Humus substances are the most important factor in the formation of an agronomically valuable soil structure. During their decomposition, various acids are released, which enhance the chemical weathering of the mineral part of the soil with the formation of easily mobile compounds of plant ash food.

The presence of humus substances improves the thermal properties of the soil, conducive to the growth and development of cultivated plants. So, giving the soil a dark color, organic matter contributes to better absorption of thermal solar energy by the soil. As a poor conductor of heat, organic matter prevents the soil from rapidly losing heat to the atmosphere. Finally, undergoing decomposition, the organic matter itself releases a certain amount of thermal energy, thus being one of the internal sources of heat in the soil.

Hence it becomes clear that humus-rich soils are at the same time warmer, very favorable for the development of cultivated plants and soil microorganisms. On the contrary, soils poor in humus are distinguished by unfavorable thermal properties; they absorb heat poorly and retain it poorly. In practice, such soils are called cold soils.

One of the main constituents of humus – humic acid, as established by the latest research, has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants.

According to the research of L.A. Khristeva, true solutions of humic acids have a direct effect on higher plants, while in concentrations of thousandths and ten-thousandths of a percent, they stimulate the vital activity of the plant organism, while in concentrations over hundredths of a percent, they inhibit. When humic acids are coagulated, this property is inactivated.

Small amounts of ionic humic acids enter the plant, enhance the phenolase oxidative system and are included in the general metabolism of the plant organism. The physiological function of humic acid is to improve oxygen supply. The consequence of this is an increase in the supply of mineral substances, activation of synthesis processes, the formation of new masses of protoplasm and better root formation. The activation of the entire life of the plant and the strengthening of the root system at the beginning of the development of the plant affect the further course of its development and, in turn, determine the better use of the factors of soil fertility and an increase in productivity.

Organic matter in the soil is a nutrient substrate, and therefore a prerequisite for the intensive life of most soil microorganisms.

Therefore, the more humus in the soil, the richer it is in microorganisms and the more vigorously biological and biochemical processes proceed in it, which play a huge role in the accumulation of nutrient compounds for plants.

At the same time, humus substances are the form of soil compounds with the help of which it is easy to regulate the accumulation, preservation and consumption of nutrients by plants.

The accumulation of organic matter in the soil under production conditions is carried out in various ways: by applying organic fertilizers in the form of manure, peat and other composts, by sowing plants such as lupine and seradella for green fertilization, etc.

Soils, systematically fertilized with manure and compost, are more humidified. According to many observations, 1 / 3–1 / 4 of the manure introduced into the soil turns into humus, and 2 / 3–3 / 4 of the manure is mineralized entirely, participating in increasing soil fertility as a source of nutrients for plants and as an energy material for microorganisms. The more often and in large doses manure and other organic fertilizers are applied, the faster the humus content in the soil rises.

The regulation of the preservation and consumption of nutrients in the soil is carried out by appropriate changes in the conditions for the decomposition of organic substances during plowing, cultivation, soil rolling, reclamation, etc.

Thus, for example, by placing organic matter in anaerobic decomposition conditions, we will thereby help to slow down its decomposition; on the contrary, by creating aerobic conditions in the soil, we will accelerate the mineralization of organic matter, increase the supply of ash and nitrogen food to plants.

Thus, the importance of organic compounds in soil formation is enormous and diverse, and the productive capacity of soils largely depends on the amount of humus. That is why the systematic and sufficient enrichment of soils with organic matter is the most urgent task of agricultural technology in creating high and sustainable yields, especially in areas where the humus content in the soils does not exceed 1-3% of the total weight of the soil.

-A source-

Garkusha, I.F. Soil science / I.F. Garkusha.- L .: Publishing house of agricultural literature, magazines and posters, 1962.- 448 p.

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How to Make Compost

Compost is an organic fertilizer that you can make on your own garden plot. It is used for the cultivation of crops. Composting begins in September-October. Only clean waste and plants are sent to the pit, no chemicals are added.

Stages of preparation:

  1. Choose a place for the compost heap. Usually it is done in the corner of the site and fenced with boards.
  2. The height and width of the structure is 1.5 m, the height is about 1 m. A smaller area will dry out quickly and not warm up inside.
  3. Potato skins, the remains of fruits, vegetables, bread, grass and leaves are piled in a pile. Wood sawdust, paper, straw, hay, branches, vegetation are used. The pile is covered from direct sunlight.
  4. The decay process takes 6-8 months. Readiness is determined by the color and uniformity of the mixture.

Important!

All waste must be pre-crushed. Plastic and plastic items, any synthetic items must not be thrown into a heap.

How and where to store humus

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

If the manure is in a loose pile under the open sky, then the nitrogen will evaporate or be washed away by the rain. There are three ways to store humus: liquid, hot, cold. The optimal storage space is a small elevation with free air access.

With the cold method of keeping, the mass does not overheat, nitrogen does not evaporate, organic matter decomposes evenly. They choose a site with dense soil, fenced with boards (1.5 m), covered with dry foliage, soil, peat with a layer of 30 cm. Manure is placed on top, compacted. Every 20 cm of the manure layer, phosphorite flour or superphosphate is poured – 10 kg of phosphate per ton of manure. To prevent humus from freezing, it is covered with a film, then with a layer of earth, with dry leaves. The total height of the protection is 35-40 cm. The temperature inside the mass will be 20-25 degrees, the free space will be occupied by carbon dioxide.

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

Manure as fertilizer: types, composition, properties

Depending on the type of animals from which waste is obtained, manure is:

  • horse;
  • bovine;
  • rabbit;
  • avian;
  • sheep;
  • pork.

Each type of manure has its own composition and characteristics, it also differs in the duration of its impact on the soil.

Pig manure is rarely used because it contains a large number of helminths. Cow dung is most effective. On light sandy soils, the effect of manure remains for 2-3 years, on heavy clay soils – 4-6 years. Horse dung. It has a rich chemical composition. Suitable for use in greenhouses and open field. Poultry manure (droppings) is the fastest-acting fertilizer. Convenient to use for top dressing.

Useful properties of manure

Manure is based on animal excrement mixed with grass, straw, sawdust. There are several categories of manure according to the degree of decay:

  • Fresh manure. It is a thick fertilizer that easily holds the given shape.
  • Slurry. Slurry is used most often. It is a nitrogen-potassium fertilizer suitable for fertilizing vegetable and horticultural crops. The slurry is diluted 1: 5 and applied after watering. Used when laying compost to moisten the soil.
  • Semi-ripe manure. This is manure, which lay under the open sky for about six months. It crumbles easily in the hands. It is used as a fertilizer for digging on depleted soil.
  • Humus (rotted manure). Loose, completely bent bulk mass. The most common fertilizer. Rotted manure contains a lot of nitrogen and nutrients, 2 times less than fresh manure.

You may be interested in: Banana peel as a fertilizer for indoor plants and vegetables

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

Autumn application of organic fertilizers

In the fall, humus, compost or fresh manure are added for digging to a depth of 10-15 cm. Fertilizers are laid out in the beds – by 1 square meter. m 5-6 kg of manure. Use a rake to break up large pieces of humus to distribute the substrate evenly over the surface. By spring, the organic matter will decompose; when planting seedlings, it will not be necessary to fertilize the site.

Litter is brought in in the fall or winter on the snow. When the snow melts, the fertilizer will be absorbed into the ground along with the water and the seedlings will receive the necessary nutrition. Under trees and bushes, as well as potatoes, top dressing is applied in the fall. Vegetables are fertilized in the spring.

Use of humus

What is humus

Humus is a valuable organic fertilizer. It is obtained with the complete decomposition of manure, so that it is rotted (mature, burnt out) manure. If the meaning of this word is not explained, then it should be understood in this sense. When they write about “leaf humus”, they mean leaf compost (or leafy soil). Nowadays it is no longer accepted to call compost humus. But in old books and articles, poorly translated or copied from various sources, you can find such a title. In this case, it is explained which (from which prepared) humus is meant.

Physical properties of humus

Ready-to-use humus is a homogeneous, loose, loose brownish mass, odorless of ammonia and rot (the smell should be earthy, “spring”). Specific gravity – 500-800 kg / cu. m. One bucket contains about 6 kg of humus.

How is humus useful?

Humus is rich in nutrients, absorbs and retains moisture well. Moreover, the humus particles do not lose their elasticity, there are air gaps between them for the breathing of the roots. Therefore, humus ennobles any soil: in sandy it retains water and nutrients in the root zone, heavy clay helps to “fluff”: makes it loose, airy, nutritious.

The use of humus as mulch creates special conditions in the upper soil layer: it does not form a crust with capillaries, which, like a sponge, draws moisture from the soil. Heavy soil does not float. Under the mulch, earthworms and beneficial bacteria settle, which increase the efficiency of the roots. The soil under it cools and heats up more slowly, the temperature changes smoothly. This helps heat-loving plants survive: in the fall they have time to gradually prepare for wintering, and at the end of winter and in spring they do not wake up ahead of time and do not risk being hit by frost.

In extreme heat, the soil surface mulched with humus does not burn the root collar of plants. But it is through the place of the burn that pathogens of verticillosis of garden strawberries, clematis, peppers and other crops usually penetrate. Nutrients, which are rich in humus mulch, gradually come to the roots of plants with irrigation and rains, thus, in one step, both fertilization of the ridges and their moistening are achieved.

And finally, humus is indispensable for growing seedlings and houseplants that are demanding on nutrition.

As part of the substrate, humus (loose humus) is very useful for eggplants, cucumbers and other pumpkin crops, begonia, hibiscus, and pelargonium.

How to mulch garden plants correctly >>>>.

How to prepare soil for indoor plants yourself >>>.

What is humus made of and how to cook it yourself

Recently, in horticultural markets, you can buy ready-made humus in bags, though at a fairly high price. It is more profitable to buy manure on the farm and cook it yourself.

The literature describes many tricks, without which, according to the authors, it is impossible to prepare the “correct” humus. In reality, everything is not so difficult: the manure is spread out for maturation in a heap or in a compost bin. The top is covered with roofing material, shields, it is also possible with a dark film if a box is used, which is ventilated through the sidewalls. It is not scary if the shelter slightly lets water through, the main thing is that the rains do not wash the mass through and through. Ripening lasts 1,5–2 years. Humus matured when it became free-flowing throughout its volume, of a uniform dark color, and its volume decreased 3-4 times in relation to the original.

How to compost yourself.

humus, compost plot, garden ideas, garden buildingsперегной, участок для компоста, идеи для сада, садовые постройки

How to accelerate the maturation of humus

To get humus yourself faster, place the maturation container in a secluded place not blown by northern winds – then it will not freeze for a long time and bacteria will continue to work even at the beginning of winter.

In warm weather, stir up humus with a pitchfork about once a month, trying to pry it deeper, and before that, slightly moisten it.

Use EM preparations (“Baikal”, “Shining-3” and others), which accelerate the maturation of composts.

How to use humus

Humus is a very valuable material, it is useful for all garden, vegetable and indoor crops with almost no restrictions. The only exceptions are some ornamental crops that require depleted soil (plants for alpine slides, desert cacti, orchids).

Humus can be added to the soil for digging in spring and autumn after harvesting and cleaning the site.

In the fall, a bucket of humus, 1-1 tbsp, is added to the beds prepared for winter sowing. superphosphate, 2 tbsp. phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and 2 glasses of ash.

Read more about autumn soil preparation here >>>.

In the spring, the rates of humus application are determined based on the needs of the culture. For planting vegetables, roses, flowers, garden strawberries, humus is brought in 2–4 buckets per 1 sq. M.

Humus as a component of fertile soil for growing seedlings is used together with peat, garden soil, compost. For seedlings of vegetables and flowers, humus is introduced into the nutrient substrate on average about 1/2 of the total volume.

A moderate dose is applied under some annuals (nasturtium, ageratum, kosmeya, escholzium): they can “fatten” with an excess of organic matter, that is, grow leaves to the detriment of flowering.

Under strawberries, humus is applied in the fall after harvest, completion of fruiting and jigging of the mustache. It is good to mulch a layer of humus on strawberries on top with straw or sawdust. The humus should be placed in a layer about 5 cm thick, and the plants and horns themselves should not touch the humus, otherwise they can rot.

humus, garden strawberries, garden beds, mulching, vegetable garden, soilперегной, садовая земляника, грядка, мульчирование, огород, почва

For fruit crops with an extended fruiting period (cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini), humus is sealed during spring digging of the soil to a depth of 15 cm.

Under raspberries, humus is laid out from spring to mid-summer in a layer of 5 cm like mulch, without covering it up.

For most indoor plants, it is used as an additive to nutrient soil, on average about 1/4 to 1/3 of the total.

Humus is introduced into the greenhouse in the spring (rotted manure – in the fall). As an additive to greenhouse soils, humus is applied in the first year from 40 to 70 kg / m15, then 30-XNUMX kg / mXNUMX is added annually.

In the summer, you can make liquid fertilizers yourself from humus for foliar and root dressings.

How to prepare a liquid manure based on humus.

How to use manure in the garden and in the garden read here >>>.

You can find out how to grow plants, what kind of gardening work you need to plan, from other articles on our website. Also, please pay attention to the information block to the left of the text. The links located in it lead to articles of related topics.

on fertilization, plant protection from diseases and pests, click here >>>.

Introduction of humus in the spring

What is humus, types, what to make, how to store and useWhat is humus, types, what to make, how to store and use

2 weeks before planting vegetables, only mature processed humus is added. It turns out to be loose, crumbly, black-brown in color. The mass must be moist. You can check by taking part of the mixture in your hand, squeezing it, if a little moisture is released – the humidity is normal. The resulting fertilizer is carefully applied under annual plants, a large dose of feed will increase the growth of green mass, and the development of flowers and fruits will slow down.

If a plot is dug up in the spring, then fertilizers are added during the digging process. You can add humus directly into the holes for planting seedlings, but add a little, mixing with the ground, so as not to burn the roots of the seedlings. 1-2 buckets of black soil are added under fruit trees, and 1/2 part of a bucket under shrubs.

Errors made by gardeners

For better decomposition, the compost heap should be turned over and agitated from time to time. Fermentation is very slow without moisture. If the hot summer is poured with water, otherwise the contents will dry out and humus will not work. Humidity should be 50-60%.

Tips to avoid mistakes:

  1. We must not forget to make a drain for the accumulation of water, otherwise the compost heap will rot.
  2. If you put only carbohydrate or only nitrogen components, then you get low-quality humus.
  3. To obtain fertilizer within 12 months, do not use large roots, especially from strawberries.
  4. The manure layer for humus should be 35 cm high if fertilizer is used in spring, and 50 cm if fertilizing is done in autumn.
  5. It is impossible to put weeds with seeds in the grassy humus, which can germinate and clog the site. More than 1 seeds can be contained in 5000 kg of manure.
  6. To prevent the rains from washing out the nutrients, cover the manure heap with a lid or plastic.
  7. It is forbidden to water plants under the root with liquid humus.
  8. In manure and compost heaps it is necessary to run earthworms, they will accelerate the maturation of the compost.
  9. The walls of the compost bin should be open to provide ventilation for fermentation.
  10. The humus for mulching should be dark and loose.
  11. To speed up the fermentation process, bacterial agents are used: Baikal, Yuridic economy.
  12. Manure is handled with rubber gloves.

Anna Evans

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