Who doesn’t know this vegetable? I think that there are no such people in the world. There are about fifty species, and there are more than two hundred varieties of white cabbage alone. The homeland of this plant is the Mediterranean. Popular also include: red and Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi and leafy, savoy and broccoli. Many of them came to the taste of the inhabitants of our country. They began to be cultivated in various regions of Russia. But there are features in the timing of planting this plant for seedlings and transplanting into open ground, which will be carefully considered.
Terms of planting cabbage
This is a biennial plant, with the exception of only some species (Peking, Chinese). Belongs to the cruciferous family. Loves humid air 70-80%, a long day 12-15 hours and a well-lit place without shading on the southern and southeastern slopes. Does not tolerate acidic soils, prefers neutral, fertile. Loam is ideal. The culture is cold-resistant with a strong root system.
The main characteristics of cabbage are high nutritional value, as it contains protein, carotene, vitamins (A, B, C, PP, E, K), minerals and carbohydrates. On the other hand, it has dietary properties, the calorie content of this product is 25–35 kcal. The crop is distinguished by good yield, keeping quality and transportability.
There are more than two hundred varieties of white cabbage
It is difficult for novice gardeners to determine the optimal time for sowing cabbage. There are several ways to calculate the date correctly:
- Application of average agricultural data.
- Countdown method.
- Using the correction formula.
Let’s consider each of the presented ones.
Applying ready-made parameters
These data are obtained empirically and are close to the area of plant cultivation. Thus, when purchasing zoned seeds, you can use the manufacturer’s recommendations, which are indicated on the package (timing of sowing vegetables, transplanting into open ground and harvesting).
See the seed manufacturer’s recommendations on the back of the package.
Table: typical data for central Russia
Name Seedling age,
days Sowing dates
seed Dates of appearance
seedlings, days Planting time
рассады
Белокочанная
45–50
25.03–10.04
4–6
21.05–31.05
Цветная
45–50
01.04–10.04
4–6
21.05–31.05
The generally accepted period, depending on the early maturity of plants, is:
- For early vegetables: white cabbage and savoy cabbage are planted from February 15 to March 15, and cauliflower, kohlrabi and broccoli from 01.03 to 30.03.
- For medium varieties, the time is intended from 25.03 to 25.04, and for color varieties – from 10.04 to 12.05.
- Sowing of late types of cabbage and savoy cabbage is carried out from mid-March to mid-April. Broccoli prefers time from 01 to 20 April. Cauliflower does not tolerate low temperatures, so the optimal period is mid-May or early June, and for kohlrabi – from 15.04 to 15.05.
The main thing is to sow cabbage on time. It should be noted that the information is averaged and does not take into account all the characteristics of the variety.
Countdown method
This method can be used to calculate specific sowing dates for cabbage. To do this, you need to know the growing season of the variety and the age of the seedlings when transplanted into the soil.
Vegetation period (vegetation; from Latin vegetatio – revitalization, growth) – the time required for the development of a plant.
Wikipedia https://ru.wikipedia.org
Table: comparative characteristics of cabbage varieties, ripening period and seedling age
Name Vegetative
period, days Seedling age
by the time of transplant,
дней
Ранняя кочанная
60–120
45–60
Средняя кочанная
90–145
35–45
Поздняя кочанная
более 146
30–35
Савойская
108–142
35–45
Брюссельская
120–150
45–50
Цветная
100–150
40–45
Брокколи
65–80
35–45
Кольраби
60–70
30–35
Thus, the sowing time can be calculated. To do this, subtract the age of the seedlings from the number of days required for the cabbage to fully ripen. We get the final result. For example, an early cultivar with a growing season of 120 days minus 60 days (plant age) is 60, that is, vegetables must be sown two months before they are transplanted into the ground.
Using the correction formula
There is no exact date for sowing seeds, they are calculated taking into account a specific variety and many nuances, such as the time of emergence of the first shoots, the average period of adaptation and picking, if seedlings are grown using this method, the climatic features of the region. An example of using the formula is made by reverse calculation for central Russia.
Table: calculating the timing of planting seeds
Vegetables Early white cabbage Mid-season Brussels Variety Slava-1305 Brilliant Growing period, days 85–100 120–130 Seedling age, days 45–60 45–50 First shoots, days 4–6 3-5 Picking, days 1 1 Adaptation, days 5– 7 5–7 Climatic conditions
planting in open ground 01.05 01.05 Dates of sowing seeds for seedlings February 27 March 10
Features of planting cabbage in different regions of Russia
It is an economically viable vegetable and is suitable for growing in all climatic zones. Let’s take a look at some of them:
Moscow
The main requirements for the cultivation of plants in this climatic zone are: a sharp change in temperature and humidity, the number of warm and sunny days, the timing of ripening and harvesting. Agricultural technology is no different, special attention should be paid to the acidity of the soil. Early, middle and late varieties are planted in the Moscow region.
Video: growing cabbage in the Moscow region
Follow the general guidelines for planting seeds:
- White and red early – 10–25.03, middle and late – 10–30.04.
- Broccoli, colored – from mid-March to late May with an interval of 10-20 days.
- Brussels – from 25.03 to 25.04.
- Kohlrabi – from 10–20.03 until June with an interval of two weeks.
- Early Savoy – from 10.03–30.03, middle from 15.03–15.04, late from 01.04–20.04.
And the correct sowing time for specific varieties must be calculated independently, taking into account the climatic zone. In the Moscow region, the frost-free period begins on May 15.
The frost-free period is the time between the last spring and the first autumn frost. The duration determines the possibility of growing heat-demanding plants.
Table: calculating the timing of planting cabbage in the Moscow region
Culture White cabbage Variety June
early Cossack F1
middle hope
mid-season Moscow
поздняя 15
Возраст рассады, дни
45–60
30–40
35–45
30–35
Первые всходы, дни
4–6
4–6
4–6
4–6
Пикировка, дни
1
1
1
1
Адаптация, дни
5–7
5–7
5–7
5–7
Климатические условия
planting in open ground 15.05 31.05 31.05 25.05 Dates of sowing seeds for seedlings March 3 April 8 April 3 April 7 April XNUMX
Siberia and the Urals
The sum of active temperatures is sufficient for the growth and formation of crops in difficult climatic conditions. Therefore, highly productive varieties and hybrids of white and Savoy cabbage, resistant to cold and changeable weather, are recommended: Stakhanovka, Golden hectare, winter Gribovskaya, Dumas F1, Zarya F1, Polyarnaya K-206 and Vienna, Zolotaya, Kroma, Sphere, Uralochka, Lace. Use zoned planting material!
Sowing dates are shifted: for early crops – 10–15.04, and for middle and late crops – the end of April. Calculate the specific dates for the selected varieties yourself.
Table: calculating the timing of planting cabbage in Siberia and the Urals
Culture White cabbage Variety Polyarny K-206
early Siberian
middle Winter Gribovskaya
поздняя
Возраст рассады, дни
45–60
35–45
30–35
Первые всходы, дни
4–6
4–6
4–6
Пикировка, дни
1
1
1
Адаптация, дни
5–7
5–7
5–7
Климатические условия
planting in open ground 1.06 15.06 10.06 Dates of sowing seeds for seedlings March 20 April 18 April 23
Video: sowing dates for cabbage in Siberia and the Urals
Peking, Chinese and broccoli are also suitable for cultivation in this region, as the plants are unpretentious and cold-resistant. The sowing of the first two species is carried out both in the greenhouse and immediately on the garden bed. The growing season is 40–75 days. Therefore, to obtain an autumn harvest, they are sown in late July or early August. And broccoli is planted under a film or a greenhouse in May, and after 30-40 days they are transferred to a permanent place.
White cabbage occupies 90% of all cultivated species in Russia. The vegetative period is different: 50–120 days in early crops, 90–150 days in middle ones, and up to 210 in late varieties. To shorten the growing period in the open field by 50-70 days, grow vegetables without the risk of frost and harvest a high yield, sow the material at home starting in March.
Growing cabbage seedlings is widely used in our country
Broccoli, cauliflower and savoy cabbage are also sown for seedlings. Remember the distinctive features of these species:
- underdeveloped root system;
- it is best to place seeds in separate pots.
South Region
Sowing dates for this crop are shifted to an earlier period and begin from the first days of February. Seedlings are transplanted into the ground since April. The countdown method is used.
Table: calculating the timing of planting cabbage in the Krasnodar Territory
Culture White cabbage Variety Krasnodarskaya 1
early southerner 31
mid-late wintering 1474
поздняя
Возраст рассады, дни
45–50
35–40
30–35
Первые всходы, дни
3–4
3–4
3–4
Пикировка, дни
1
1
1
Адаптация, дни
5
5
5
Климатические условия
planting in open ground 01.04 10.04 15.04 Dates of sowing seeds for seedlings 1 February 11 February 16 February
Sowing and caring for seedlings
Prepare the cabbage nutrient mixture in the fall. It is better not to take soil from garden beds due to possible infections and diseases.
It is better to prepare a nutritious soil mixture for seedlings in the fall.
The main thing is to get a fertile and breathable base for plants.
Video: soil for seedlings
Experienced gardeners advise to disinfect the soil by spilling it with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate. You can also use ready-made mixtures. The first shoots will appear in 4-12 days.
Sow cabbage on time!
When growing plants from seeds of your own collection, do not forget to neutralize them with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide.
Video: preparing cabbage for planting
Hardening is also an important step.
Purchase quality seed from manufacturing companies and their authorized dealers. The following agricultural firms are widely known: Aelita, Manul, Gavrish, SeDeK, Poisk, Russian garden-NK, Akvarel, etc.
Choose quality seeds for sowing
The optimum temperature for seedlings is + 15 ° + 18 °. On a cloudy day, + 12 ° + 15 ° is enough, and at night – + 8 ° + 10 °. This does not apply to cauliflower, which does not tolerate cold weather, which can lead to lower yields.
Cabbage seedlings are planted in cassettes
Do not forget about the use of mineral and organic fertilizers to strengthen the seedlings. Two weeks before transferring seedlings to open ground, start acclimatizing plants.
Remove damaged plants at the first sign of disease! The most common infection is Blackleg, which can destroy a culture during the developmental stage. In this case, the root collar of the cabbage is depleted and rotted.
Landing in open ground
It is preferable to carry out these works in cloudy weather or in the afternoon. Dig up the garden bed prepared in the fall. Planting scheme of early varieties 45 × 25 cm, and the rest 60 × 40 cm… Do not forget to spud the plants and mulch with humus.
Transplant in cloudy weather or in the afternoon
Dates of disembarkation to a permanent place
There are average recommendations:
- early varieties are planted in late April or early May;
- medium – from 25.05 to 10 June;
- late – 15–25.05.
Pay attention to the dependence of the timing of the transfer of seedlings from the growing region.
Table: the actual onset of the frost-free period in different climatic zones
Name Landing time Middle strip of Russia
and Moscow region from 10.05–31.05 Siberia and the Urals from 01.06–15.06 Krasnodar Territory from 10.04–30.04
Direct sowing in open ground
A good harvest starts with strong and healthy seedlings. But you can do without it. This is how vegetables are planted in the southern and southeastern regions. But they resort to this method in central Russia for the cultivation of broccoli, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts. In early March, seeds are dipped into holes for 3-4 pieces. into each one. Cover with a hood, which creates a favorable microclimate for plant development.
They grow cabbage under a hood in the open field
You can remove it when the seedlings become cramped inside.
Video: cabbage under bottles
The grown crops are larger, stronger, do not get sick due to transfer to the ground, which means they will be productive.
Planting in greenhouses
The seedless method is used for growing vegetables under a film and in greenhouses.
Organize the right cabbage beds in the greenhouse
The preparatory steps for seed and soil processing are standard. However, it is important to know some of the features of planting cabbage in central Russia:
- Sow early varieties in late February, late – in mid-March at + 20 + 25 °.
- Use a 3 × 1 cm pattern and 1 cm deep.
- In early April, if there are 3-4 leaves, transfer the cabbage to a permanent place. In case of recurrent frosts, cover young plants with plastic wrap or other material for a period of 7-10 days.
Remember that the seedlings of this crop do not like shading!
Video: growing in a greenhouse
Cabbage seedlings are planted in foil greenhouses
The main thing is to observe the correct temperature regime so that the vegetables do not stretch, but grow and develop.
Lunar calendar 2019
These are recommendations for gardeners, taking into account the phases of the moon and its position in the signs of the zodiac, affecting the growth and development of plants, as well as for agricultural work.
First of all, you should pay attention to the prohibited and favorable time for planting and transplanting cabbage (including cauliflower) in 2018, monthly.
Table: negative and positive dates for 2019
Месяц
Плохие дни
Хорошие дни
январь
3–5
—
февраль
2–4
5–7, 10–12
март
3–5
8–10
апрель
2–4
5–7, 10–12
май
2–4
6–8
июнь
1–3, 30
5–8
июль
1–2, 29–31
5–7
август
28–30
2–6, 31
сентябрь
26–28
2–4, 29–30
октябрь
26–28
—
ноябрь
24–26
—
декабрь
23–25
—
Table: calendar of gardening and gardening this year
Виды
Месяц
Дни
Внесение органических удобрений
февраль
1, 18–20, 22–24, 26–28
март
3–5, 21–23, 26–28, 31
апрель
1–2, 5–7, 10–14, 18–20, 22–24, 27–29
май
2, 20–22, 24–27, 29–31
июнь
1, 3, 10–12, 16–18, 21–23, 26–30
июль
1, 7–9, 18–20, 23–25
август
19–22, 24–26
сентябрь
6–10, 16–18, 21–23, 25–28
октябрь
13–15, 18–20, 22–24
Внесение минеральных удобрений
Февраль
9–12, 14–16, 18–20
март
8–11, 13–15, 17–18
апрель
1–2, 5–7, 10–14, 18–20, 22–24, 27–29
май
7–9
июнь
1, 3, 10–12, 16–18, 21–23, 26–30
июль
1, 7–9, 18–20, 23–25
август
1–3, 10–12, 19–23, 24–26, 28–30
сентябрь
6–10, 16–18, 21–23, 25–28
октябрь
3–8, 24–26
Опрыскивание, уничтожение вредителей
февраль
20–22, 24–26
март
1–3, 21–26
апрель
2, 18–22, 24–27, 29–30
май
1–2, 22–24, 27–29
июнь
3–5, 7–12, 24–29
июль
20–23, 25–28
август
17–19, 22–24, 26–28
сентябрь
13–15, 18–20, 23–29
октябрь
13–18
ноябрь
11–14, 16–19
декабрь
20–24
Интенсивный полив
февраль
20–22
март
3–6, 8–11, 13–15, 21–23, 31
апрель
5–7, 10–12, 18–20, 22–24, 27–29
май
2–4, 7–9, 15–17, 24–27, 29–31
июнь
3, 10–12, 16–18, 21–23, 26–30
июль
16–20, 23–25, 28–30
август
1–3, 10–12, 19–22, 24–26
сентябрь
1, 6–10, 28–29
октябрь
13–16
ноябрь
14–16, 23–25
декабрь
20–24
Посадка, пересадка, пикировка
февраль
9–12, 14–16
март
1–3, 8–11, 13–15, 17–23, 26–29
апрель
5–7, 10–12, 16–17, 22–24
май
кроме новолуния и полнолуния
июнь
3–5, 10–12, 30
июль
18–20, 24–25, 28–30
август
10–12, 24–26
сентябрь
1–4, 6–8, 15–18, 20–23, 26, 28–30
октябрь
кроме новолуния и полнолуния
Прополка, прореживание всходов
февраль
2, 18–20, 22–24
март
20–23
апрель
2–3, 18–27, 29
май
2–4, 7–9, 24–27, 29–31
июнь
1–2, 18–21, 23–26, 28–30
июль
16–18, 20–23, 25–28
август
17–19, 22–24, 26–28
сентябрь
13–15, 18–20, 23–27
октябрь
13–18
Table: Recommended planting dates for cabbage
Species Variety Time White-headed early from mid-February to mid-March medium from early March to early April late from mid-March to mid-April Color early from mid-March to mid-April medium from April to mid-May Kohlrabi early from March to April medium from April to early May late from mid-April to mid-May Early Broccoli 1 time from early March to April 2 times from mid-May to early June medium from mid-March to mid-April late April to May Savoy early from mid-February to mid-March medium and late from mid March to mid-April
The dates of the New Moon and Full Moon are important, at this time all sowing works are contraindicated. They last not one day, as will be indicated below, but as many as three (before and after specific dates):
- New Moon: 17.01, 15.02, 17.03, 16.04, 15.05, 13.06, 13.07, 11.08, 09.09, 09.10, 07.11, 07.12.
- Full Moon: 02.01, 31.01, 02.03, 31.03, 30.04, 29.05, 28.06, 27.07, 26.08, 25.09, 24.10, 23.11, 22.12.
Thus, knowing the tips and taking into account the many nuances, you can draw up an individual sowing and work schedule according to the lunar calendar for 2019.
Observing the recommendations for this culture, having made the correct calculation of the timing for sowing seedlings and transplanting into open ground, having studied varietal preferences and peculiarities of the climatic conditions of Russia, using favorable days from the Lunar calendar of 2019 for agrotechnical work, you can grow and get a high yield of cabbage in your backyard plot.
Hello! My name is Elena. Age 45+. Educated as a teacher of Russian language and literature.
