Grapes are considered to be a rather finicky crop and need regular care throughout the growing season. The period after flowering is no exception. At this time, it is important to preserve all the formed ovaries and protect the plant from diseases and parasites.
What can be processed?
In conditions of high humidity and the onset of heat, the main enemies of the vine are fungal spores that cause mildew disease, as well as gray rot that affects plants in cold and rainy summers. If preventive measures are not taken during this period, then restoring the vineyard even with the help of chemical means will be very problematic. In addition to treatment against diseases and pests, the vine after flowering needs additional nutrients – top dressing. To prevent the development of various diseases, as well as for their treatment, both chemical preparations and folk remedies are widely used.
The latter have a more gentle effect on plants, however, with a running progressive disease, they can no longer help. In such cases, chemicals are used.
Preparations
Before using potent agents, it is necessary to determine the nature of the disease and assess the degree of damage to the vine. In mild cases, grapes can be treated with iron sulfate or Bordeaux liquid, and in case of serious damage, complex preparations must be connected.
For example, to prevent the development of insect pest larvae a week after flowering, insecticidal agents can be used:
- “B58”;
- Omayt;
- “Neoron”;
- “Confidor”.
And as a prevention of oidium and mildew, you should use:
- “Homom”;
- “Thiovit Jet”;
- “Kuprozanom”;
- colloidal sulfur.
A couple of weeks after flowering, the green parts of the plants are treated:
- “Vectroy”;
- “Topaz”;
- “Quadrisom”;
- “Strobe”;
- Mancoceb;
- “Ridomilom Old”.
These drugs are systemic fungicides and can prevent many diseases. With the onset of the July rains, strobilurins are used as a prevention of gray rot:
- “Pyraclostrobin”;
- “Dimoxystrobin”;
- “Azoxystrobin”;
- “Picoxystrobin”;
- “Krezoxim-methyl”.
These products are pesticides with synthetic substances that replace natural fungicides. They show high efficiency in preventing putrefactive infections.
As for the protection of the vine from parasites, the spider mite does not tolerate the effects of the acaricides “Envidor”, “Amitraz” and “Piridaben”, and only grafting on phylloxera-resistant rootstocks will help to cope with leaf phylloxera. It is very difficult to defeat this pest in another way, because due to mutations it quickly adapts to chemistry and becomes resistant to its effects. Good results are obtained by the use of a tank mixture – a complex preparation made from insecticides and fungicides.
Such compositions are able to simultaneously protect vine bushes from both diseases and pests, however, when making them on their own, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of certain chemicals and objectively assess the ratio of risk to the environment with benefits to plants.
Folk remedies
Unlike chemical compounds, improvised means act more carefully and do not harm either the plants themselves or the environment. Fruits processed in a folk way can be eaten already on the second day after the procedure, while after chemical preparations, the clusters should not be touched for about 3 weeks. The disadvantage of folk remedies is the fact that treatments must be performed with regularity once every 7 days, while chemical preparations are able to cope with ailments or pests in 1-2 applications. Folk remedies do not help in cases of too massive damage to grapes by infection or pests, so their use is more appropriate only for preventive purposes.
Yeast, honey, celandine leaves, soda, soap, comfrey and peony root are often used as improvised means.
Consider the most effective and affordable means of protection against diseases and pests that can be found in every home.
- Infusion of onion peel. To prepare the infusion, take half a bucket of husks, fill it with water, boil for 20 minutes, remove from heat and put away for a day to infuse. Then add water to a volume of 10 liters, put a spoonful of honey, filter and spray the vine.
- A decoction of celandine or comfrey prepared as follows: crushed leaves, stems and roots are placed in a bucket for 2/3, water is poured, boiled for about 20 minutes, cooled, filtered and the aerial parts of plants are treated.
- Infusion of old hay very effective against oidium and is prepared as follows: a 10-liter bucket is filled with old hay or hay dust, water is poured and removed in a dark place to infuse for 7-10 days. Then the resulting infusion is filtered, half a liter of whey is added to it and the bushes are irrigated.
- Soda it helps well against gray rot, caterpillars and oidium. To prepare a solution for gray rot, add 6 tsp to a 7-liter bucket of water. soda and spray the vine. When large areas are affected, 1 tbsp is dissolved in 1 liter of water. l. soda, the same amount of vegetable oil and liquid soap. The mixture is applied to the green part of the plants in the evening in dry weather. For the treatment of oidium 1⁄2 tsp. soda is dissolved in 1 liter of water and the leaves are sprayed with this solution every 2 days until their surface is cleaned.
- To prevent fungal infections in 7 liters of water dissolve 20 g of liquid soap, 2 tbsp. l. soda and spray the vine. The procedure is repeated twice with an interval of 10 days. To rejuvenate the grapes, the following mixture is prepared: 6 tsp is added to 1 liters of water. soda, the same amount of Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) and 15 drops of ammonia. The resulting solution is treated with green parts of plants.
- Iodine well protects grapes from various diseases, including gray rot and mildew, and helps to increase yields. To prepare a solution, add 1 ml of iodine to 1 liter of water, mix well and spray the bushes. As a preventive measure, the treatment is repeated every 7 days.
- Trichopol copes well with mildew. To do this, take 1 liter of warm milk, dissolve 9 tablets of Trichopolum in it, add 20 drops of iodine, mix and pour the resulting mixture into a bucket with 9 liters of water. Irrigation is carried out every 10 days.
- Margantsov also used in the treatment of grapes from mildew. To do this, 1,5 g of the substance is dissolved in a liter of water and the leaves are irrigated.
In addition to fungicides and insecticides, after flowering, grapes also need top dressing. Nitrogen fertilizers, such as infusions of herbs, chicken manure or manure, are suitable for this. Of the finished preparations, we can recommend GroGreen 20.20.20 or Master 20.20.20 at the rate of 25-50 g of fertilizer for each bush. To prevent the grapes from burning, which is a consequence of a lack of boron, it is recommended to treat the vine with boric acid. The treatment is carried out during the budding period, using the following solution for this: 10 liters of water, 5 g of boric acid and the same amount of zinc sulfate are mixed in a bucket and peas are irrigated.
How to spray correctly?
In order for the processing of grapes to bring a greater effect, a number of simple rules must be observed:
- spray on the bushes should be in the direction from top to bottom;
- irrigation liquid should be well filtered and mixed;
- spraying should be done in dry weather after sunset;
- The sprayer should be chosen with several spray modes, which will allow you to control the amount of solution and apply it as much as the condition of the vine requires.
helpful hints
Processing of grapes is carried out for most of the growing season, however, it is spraying after flowering that plays the most significant role in the formation of clusters. In this regard, this procedure must be treated responsibly, taking into account the advice of experienced winegrowers.
- The most effective effect on viruses and pests is exerted by means of a combined property, so it is better to choose them.
- With each irrigation of bushes with fungicides, Mospilan or Plantafol preparations can be added to the solution. They are highly compatible with many drugs and do not allow insect pests to multiply.
- After chemical treatment of the vine, diseased leaves and shoots should be removed and disposed of. Damaged parts cannot be repaired.
Irrigation is completed at the end of July; grapes are not processed in August. This is due to the fact that if it was not possible to cure the bush in June / July, then with later processing, chemistry begins to accumulate in the grapes and it will no longer be safe to eat them.
