Planting grapes in the fall can be a very good solution. But it is very important to know how to properly plant it in Siberia and in another region for novice summer cottage owners. The rules for planting grapes have been developed for a long time – the main thing is to follow them.
Deadlines
Autumn landing is recommended not earlier than the beginning of October. The reason is very simple. It is at this time that the plant calms down and begins to prepare for winter. But still, after disembarking, tender shoots must be protected from the effects of cold. A specific month when planting grapes in the fall should be selected taking into account the specifics of the region. So, in Siberia, it is completely better to abandon such a procedure in the fall, because even in its south it is already very cool in September.
In the Rostov region, the situation is better. You can plant grapes there from the beginning of October until the first signs of soil freezing. Be sure to take care of the seedlings so that they can easily winter.
In the Nizhny Novgorod region and in Bashkiria, it is recommended to adhere to the same deadlines as in Siberia. This allows you to insure against many weather surprises.
Site Selection
If possible, planting grapes in swampy lowlands should be avoided. The northern sides of the plots are also best avoided. Regardless of the orientation to the cardinal points, it is necessary to choose places where there is no danger of penetrating drafts. There should not be tall trees nearby, but buildings and fences are welcome. Between grape bushes and fruit trees, a distance of at least 4 m should be maintained.
The selection of soil for grape bushes is also important. This plant develops optimally on light fertile soil. Heavy clay soil is absolutely not suitable. Purely sandy soil is also bad, because it passes water and freezes heavily in winter. It is also necessary to avoid areas with excessive acidity.
Selection of planting material
A mandatory requirement when choosing seedlings is that they are grafted. Among them, mature ones are distinguished, which, unlike vegetative ones, are just suitable for autumn work. It is necessary to pay attention to the root system. When planting grapes in the southern regions, one should prepare such planting material that has a shank no shorter than 40 cm. For northern areas, as well as for forced landing on sandy areas, this length cannot be less than 50-60 cm.
Before cutting off a shoot of grapes, it must also be carefully examined. More precisely, you need to choose a high quality shoot. For cuttings, vines are only 8 to 12 mm long. It is better to cook chibouks at the same time as pruning. When growing grapes from seeds, you will need to make much more effort.
What fertilizer will be needed?
The future development of the plant largely depends on the introduction of such dressings. The lack of nutrients turns into weak growth and even peas. From the very beginning, sulfur and nitrogen will need to be introduced into the soil. They will ensure the rapid formation of buds, strengthen the stems and foliage. Phosphorus supplements will help to activate flowering and berry setting.
If you fertilize grapes with potassium, then it will better form ovaries. The plant will be better protected from adverse factors. Decayed organics are distinguished by efficiency and safety during disembarkation. It improves both the fertility of the land and its structure. When disembarking, it is recommended to lay:
- superphosphate;
- wood ash;
- stale manure or bird droppings (fresh organics of this kind can cause damage to the roots).
Landing technology
In the open ground
Seedlings with a closed root system can be planted from May to October. Most often, grapes of the first or second year of life are chosen. For such plants, it will be necessary to prepare a hole 30-50 cm deep. Its width and length will not differ. The drainage function will be provided by a brick or expanded clay laying with a thickness of 20-25 cm. Drainage can be abandoned if the site itself gets rid of rainwater well. But it is better to watch this for at least a couple of years before you dare to plant grapes. In any case, before the procedure itself, the seedling should be thoroughly watered. The planted plant is sprinkled with soil, crushing it around. A prerequisite for success is tying to a support.
To properly plant grapes, you need to plan the entire scheme in detail. It is worth considering the characteristics of a particular region. Humus is placed in a prepared hole. After moving the seedlings to the chosen place, straighten the roots, checking that they are neat and even. Excavations should be covered with earth carefully and slowly. Further step-by-step instructions for beginners indicate that it is necessary to water the seedlings abundantly with water. Use 20-30 liters of water per 1 plant. You can use various methods to solve the problem. When using seedlings, a hole is prepared, which is pre-filled with soil (humus). A soaked, fully prepared seedling is placed on top of it, all the roots of which are carefully straightened down.
The heel roots are positioned so that they are at a depth of about 40 cm. From above, the hole is covered with simple fertile soil. Other rules apply when it is decided to plant a plant with a cutting. It is recommended to start preparation by cutting off the upper part from the most developed shoot, on which there will be 3 formed buds. First of all, a trench 30 cm deep is prepared. It is covered with humus. The cuttings are placed in increments of 20 cm, tilting them to the south. All buds are left above the soil surface, except for the bottom pair. Immediately after planting, the trench is plentifully irrigated. The cuttings are usually covered with plastic bottles (but if arches were installed earlier, foil can also be used).
You can resort to planting chubukami. Pre-cut fragments of the vine are kept in an unsaturated permanganate solution for about 4 hours. Then they need to be washed and dried. 1-2 cm are cut off from above and below, the legs are soaked for 2 days in Kornevin, and then in clean water. After waiting for the growth of chibouks up to 5-7 cm, they are planted in open ground. You can do it differently – namely: use the method of growing a vine without roots. This approach is quite old, but it allows you to achieve a good state of the bush. A cutting 1-2 m long is planted in late autumn, when the leaf fall ends.
The vine is rolled into a ring or placed exactly at the bottom of the pit, depending on how their sizes are related. 2 or 3 eyes are left above the soil surface.
To the greenhouse
Greenhouse cultivation of grapes is more practical, despite the effort involved. And the more difficult the climate in some area, the more true it is. Without heating, even a simple greenhouse creates an elevated temperature. The difference of 2-4 degrees for the vine is much more important than for people. With proper technology, you can grow a crop 14-20 days earlier than in open land, and fight pests less.
Inside the greenhouses it is necessary to equip the trellises. Wire is attached to them. Seedlings are placed at a distance of at least 30-50 cm from the boundaries of the room. The spacing between plants is the same as in open ground. Pipes with a diameter of 10-12 cm are attached to the drainage layer, which are useful for irrigation. The tubes are raised above the ground by at least 5 cm. Before planting the seedlings in the pits, they must be watered.
If the substrate has sagged, add more.
