Akwai hanyoyi da yawa masu tasiri don yada bushes na innabi – tsaba, cuttings, grafting. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana dalla-dalla game da hanya mafi sauƙi – digging a cikin itacen inabi da samun layering. Wannan tsari ne mai sauƙi, idan kun san ƙa’idodin ƙa’idodi da dabara na hanya, to ko da lambun novice na iya jimre da shi.
Fa’idodi da rashin amfani
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yawan hanyoyi don yada itacen inabi shine amfani da yankan. An gwada wannan hanyar don ƙarni, ya dace har ma da masu farawa. Dabarar tana ba da sakamako mai girma lokacin da ake shuka iri mai wuyar gaske.
Yadudduka suna da tushe mai tushe da aka samu ta hanyar faduwa da rabuwa na gaba daga bishiyoyin iyaye. A cikin aiwatar da tushen tushen, ƙaramin shuka yana da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da daji uwar daji, saboda wanda aka ba shi abinci mai kyau.
Wannan yana ƙarfafa bayyanar aiki da ci gaban tushen.
Dabarar yaduwa na inabi ta hanyar shimfidawa yana da fa’idodi marasa tabbas:
sauƙi na kisa – baya buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman, ƙwarewa da kayan aiki na musamman;
mafi ƙarancin kashe lokaci, ƙoƙari da kuɗi;
adana duk nau’ikan halaye na shuka iyaye;
babban matakin rayuwa, har ma da wahala-zuwa tushen nau’ikan da ba su dace da kowane hanyoyin yadawa ba;
yiwuwar girbi a shekara mai zuwa;
saurin fadada yankin gonar inabinsa.
Ana amfani da wannan dabara sau da yawa ta wurin gandun daji waɗanda ke samun riba daga siyar da shuka.
Duk da haka, hanyar kuma tana da nata drawbacks:
ya dace ne kawai ga waɗancan filaye na ƙasar inda babu cututtukan da ke shafar tushen;
ci gaban Layering yana buƙatar kashe kuɗi na mahimmancin shukar iyaye, don haka daji uwar daji yana raguwa sosai.
Sharuɗɗa na asali
Domin hanyar haifuwa ta Layering ta zama mai tasiri, kuma tushen ya bayyana akan ɓangarorin da aka binne na itacen inabi, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye wasu yanayi.
Danshi
Babban abin da ke haifar da samuwar tushen shine ƙasa mai laushi koyaushe. Don kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa, ana amfani da dabaru da yawa:
yawan ruwa na yau da kullun;
mulching wurin kiwo tare da peat, bambaro ko ciyawa da aka yanka;
ƙirƙirar duhun ƙasa ta amfani da zanen filastik / ƙarfe, slate, kwali ko allo.
Ciyarwa
Samar da kayan abinci mai gina jiki kai tsaye yana shafar adadin samuwar tushen. Saboda haka, dole ne a ciyar da layering. Don wannan dalili, ana amfani da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai a cikin ƙasa.
Zurfafa zurfafawa
Girma mai aiki na tushen taro yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin duhu. Dole ne a haƙa yankan inabi zuwa zurfin kusan 15-20 cm.
Wannan zai rage haɗarin shigar hasken rana, kuma ƙari, kula da isassun ma’aunin zafi.
Idan ba a tona kurangar inabi mai zurfi sosai ba, hasken da ke shiga zai rage gudu. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a bugu da žari a rufe ƙasa tare da abu mai yawa.
Yadda za a yada tare da daban-daban layering?
Hanyar yadawa ta hanyar shimfidawa ta haɗu da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa.
Kore
Babban fa’idar yaduwa ta hanyar koren layering shine tushen tushen itacen inabi mai kyau da haɓaka rayuwa. Don aiwatar da haifuwa, dole ne a zaɓi mafi ƙarfi, lafiya, daji mai kyau na musamman. Yana da kyawawa cewa ya kasance a cikin yanki mai faɗi.
Shiri don yaduwa daga cikin innabi daji fara a lokacin bazara pruning. A wannan mataki, ana kiyaye harbe biyu ko uku koren kusa kusa da tushe, wanda daga baya za’a dasa su a cikin ƙasa.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai kasance mai ƙarfi, harbe masu lafiya waɗanda ke girma kusa da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Ana aiwatar da mataki na gaba na aikin a lokacin rani, lokacin da harbe suka kai tsayin 2-2,5 m, amma a lokaci guda suna riƙe da sassauci. Don yin wannan, bi ƴan matakai masu sauƙi.
Kusa da daji, wajibi ne a tono rami mai zurfin 50 cm da fadi. Ganuwarta ya kamata su zama masu sheki.
An shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa a ƙasa – ana iya fadada yumbu, tsakuwa ko bulo mai fashe.
Kashi na uku na ramin yana cike da kwayoyin halitta gauraye da ƙasa lambu. An zubar da substrate sosai.
Ana sanya yadudduka a hankali a cikin rami da aka samu. Suna buƙatar cire eriya, ganye, da ƴaƴan ango a gaba.
Bayan haka, waƙar an rufe shi da ƙasan lambun, an rataye shi sosai kuma an ba da ruwa a cikin adadin lita 15 a kowace mita madaidaiciya.
Bayan duk danshin ya sha, an rufe rami gaba daya da ƙasa.
Babban ɓangaren harbe-harbe, wanda aka sanya a cikin ƙasa, an kawo shi kuma an haɗa shi da turaku tare da igiya mai laushi. A saman, kuna buƙatar ajiyewa game da ganye 3-4, yayin da girma ya kamata ya kasance sama da matakin ƙasa.
Bayan kwanaki 3-4, ana shayar da yadudduka da aka yayyafa, bayan haka ana maimaita aikin ban ruwa akai-akai a duk lokacin bazara. Dole ne a haɗa shi da sassautawa, mulching da kawar da duk weeds.
Daga tsakiyar watan Agusta, dole ne a karya saman saman yadudduka don dakatar da ci gaban sashin iska na seedling na gaba. Don haka, za a karkatar da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa tushen ginin.
A ƙarshen Satumba – farkon shekaru goma na Oktoba, ana haƙa yadudduka a hankali. Suna buƙatar rabuwa da shukar iyaye, sanya su a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa, sa’an nan kuma sanya su a wuri mai sanyi, damp.
A watan Afrilu-Mayu, za a iya dasa shukar matasa a kan wurin dindindin.
Perennial
Wannan dabarar ta haɗa da amfani da kayan dasa shuki don yin rooting dogon hannun riga na daji na inabi tare da samarin inabi.
A wannan yanayin, ana yin rami kusa da daji zuwa zurfin 40-60 cm, ana sanya taki ko takin da aka haɗe da ƙasan lambu a ciki.
Don samun ƙaramin seedling, harbi ɗaya yana zurfafa ta yadda kawai saman da idanu 3-5 ya rage a saman ƙasa.
Girgiza kan wani daji
Wannan hanya ita ce mafi kyau duka don samun dasa shuki bushes tare da m gyare-gyare. Wannan hanya ce mai inganci. Duk da haka, namo na layering a cikin wannan harka yana tare da karfi depletion na iyaye shuka.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da harbe suka girma zuwa 130 cm, dole ne a rage su da idanu 1-2. Bayan haka, daji na iyaye yana spudded tare da magudanar sako-sako da ƙasa. A cikin kaka, ana haƙa tudun da aka samu a hankali, an raba harbe-harbe tare da tsarin tushen tushen a hankali kuma a dasa su.
Gajeren hanya
Wannan dabara ita ce mafi kyau duka don yada nau’in inabi tare da gajeren harbe. Yana da kyau a aiwatar da wannan hanya a lokacin rani, a cikin abin da za a iya girbe girbi na farko na berries a cikin fall.
Kafin fara aiki, ya kamata ku tono ƙaramin rami mai zurfin 5-10 cm kusa da daji na iyaye kuma a hankali jiƙa shi.
Bayan haka, an saukar da wani ɓangare na harbi a cikinsa don haka saman ya kasance kusan 10-20 cm sama da ƙasan ƙasa. Sa’an nan kuma a rufe ramin da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki kuma a shafe shi da kyau, a kafa fegi kusa da saman, kuma a daure itacen inabi.
Airy
Wannan hanyar yaduwar innabi ta dogara ne akan ci gaban sabbin tushen akan tsoffin harbe-harbe.
Don haifuwa, an zaɓi harbi mafi ƙarfi, an cire duk ganye daga gare ta, a nesa na 15-25 cm daga saman, an kafa incision na haushi mai faɗi 3-5 mm.
An rufe yankin da aka yanka da gansakuka mai laushi, kuma an nannade shi da fim na kowane launi mai duhu.
Bayan wani lokaci, tushen matasa za su girma a wannan wuri.
A cikin kaka, ana dasa tsire-tsire, an motsa su zuwa kwantena kuma sanya su cikin wuri mai sanyi don hunturu.
Tare da zuwan yanayin zafi a hankali, ana haƙa sabbin tsire-tsire kuma an motsa su zuwa buɗe ƙasa.
katako
Wannan hanyar haifuwa ta hanyar shimfidawa yana nuna kyawawan sigogin daidaitawa na harbe matasa – wannan shi ne saboda abinci mai gina jiki biyu. Duk da haka, hanyar tana da tsayi sosai, tun da rabuwa na ƙarshe na matasa yadudduka daga iyaye bushes ana aiwatar da shekaru 3 kawai bayan fara aikin.
An haƙa rami mai zurfi 50-60 cm kusa da daji na iyaye, an zubar da magudanar ruwa a cikinsa, kuma an shimfida wani Layer na takin gargajiya da aka haɗe tare da substrate.
Mafi ƙarancin harbi yana lanƙwasa a hankali zuwa ƙasa, an saukar da shi cikin rami don kawai saman da idanu uku ko huɗu ya rage a saman ƙasan ƙasa.
Tuni a cikin shekara ta farko bayan wannan, sababbin rassan ya kamata su bayyana, a karkashin yanayi mai kyau za su iya ba da karamin girbi.
Hanyar Sinanci
Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar samun daga 15 zuwa 25 seedlings a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokaci mai yiwuwa. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi don raunana tushen nau’in inabi.
Tare da farkon bazara, ana zaɓar harbe mafi ƙarfi daga daji na iyaye, an sanya su kusa da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Sa’an nan kuma an kafa ramuka da zurfin kimanin 30 cm, an rufe shi da takin da aka haɗe da takin potash da superphosphate.
Ana sanya harbi a cikin wannan rami kuma an gyara shi da gashin gashi a wurare 2-3.
Bayan haka, an yayyafa ramin a hankali tare da ƙasa lambun kuma an shayar da shi sosai.
Yayin da sababbin harbe suka girma daga ƙananan buds, dole ne a cika ƙasa.
Katavis
Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi haifuwa ba ta hanyar shimfidawa ba, amma ta manyan bushes.
Ana buƙatar sake gina gonakin inabin manya, da kuma, idan ya cancanta, don matsar da su zuwa sabon shafin.
Har ya zuwa yau, ba a sami rarrabawa mai yawa ba saboda rikitarwa da ƙarfin kayan aikin.
Bayan ka debo wani daji domin dasa, sai a tona rami a tsakanin wurin da yake tsiro a yanzu da kuma wurin da kake shirin dashensa. Zurfinsa da faɗinsa dole ne ya zama aƙalla 50 cm.
Layer na kwayoyin halitta gauraye da wani lambu substrate an shimfiɗa shi a ƙasa.
Daga nan sai su ɗauki harbe biyu masu ƙarfi, suna cire idanu da ganye daga gare su.
An lanƙwasa harbin farko a hankali a cikin hanyar madauki, ana jagoranta a ƙarƙashin daji, sannan a fitar da shi kusa da shukar iyaye. Ana ɗaukar na biyu nan da nan zuwa sabon shafi.
An yanke saman duka harbe biyu, ba fiye da 3 buds na ‘ya’yan itace ya kamata su kasance a saman saman ba.
A ƙarshen aikin, daji na gaba yana yayyafa shi da substrate kuma an dasa shi
Nuances na haifuwa, la’akari da lokacin
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar shimfidawa yana da nasa dabara, la’akari da lokacin shekara. Don haka, idan ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin kwanakin bazara, to zaku iya fara aiki kawai bayan inabin inabi ya girma zuwa 230-250 cm. A tsakiyar layi, wannan ya zo daidai da ƙarshen Yuli – rabi na farko na Agusta. Don haifuwa, an zaɓi mafi ƙarfi, girma kusa da ƙasa.
Ana yanke duk ganye daga gare su kuma a sanya su a cikin rami, bayan haka an yayyafa su da wani abu don kawai saman da idanu biyu ya rage a saman.
A cikin kaka samuwar layering, ana amfani da wannan fasaha. Bambanci kawai shi ne cewa a wannan lokacin shuka ba ya buƙatar kayan ado na sama, musamman ma nitrogen – za su haifar da saurin girma na ƙwayar kore kuma harbe ba zai sami lokaci don samun karfi ba kafin farkon sanyi. Bugu da kari, mahara tare da Layer dole ne a bugu da žari a rufe, shi ne mafi kyau a yi amfani da Layer na spruce rassan da kauri na akalla 30 cm domin wannan.
Bayan kulawa
Kula da innabi layering ba shi da wahala sosai. Ya dogara ne akan lokacin shayarwa, sassauta ƙasa na yau da kullun da kuma kawar da weeds. Zai zama daidai da ruwa tare da mitar kwanaki 10. Duk ciyawar ana tumbuke su da zarar sun samu. Ƙasar da ke kusa da bushes an kwance kuma an tona.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
