lokutan shayarwa ga shanu

Girman yawan nau’in kiwo na shanu da kuma neman sababbin mutane masu amfani suna haifar da bayyanar shanu, wanda ba shi da kyau ga latitudes na Rasha. Koyaya, duk da bambance-bambancen su da yawa, lokacin shayarwa a cikin shanu yana kusan kwanaki 305 a shekara.

Saniya bayan haihuwa

Menene tsarin lactation?

Ingancin da adadin madara ya dogara ba kawai akan nau’in ba, abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri tsarin samuwar. Don fahimtar dukan jigon yanayin samar da madara, ya kamata mutum ya fahimci matakai na lactation a cikin shanu.

Lactation na shanu shine tsari na samuwa da kuma fitar da madara, kuma lokacin da dabba ya dace da madara shine lokacin shayarwa. Yana da har zuwa watanni 10, ba shakka, babu buƙatar irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan don ciyar da zuriya, ɗan maraƙi mai watanni shida ya riga ya canza zuwa abincin manya. Irin waɗannan canje-canje a cikin glandar mammary sun haifar da tasirin ɗan adam a cikin tsarin gida da sha’awar ƙara yawan aiki.

Sirrin madara shine reflex a cikin yanayi kuma ba za a iya haifar da wannan tsari ta hanyar wucin gadi ba. Yawancin lokaci lactation yana farawa tare da farkon haihuwa kuma da wuya sosai ‘yan kwanaki kafin calving. Canje-canje a cikin mammary gland yana farawa a lokacin daukar ciki, lokacin da aka maye gurbin nama mai kitse na nono da alveoli na sirri, kuma bayan lokaci, ana ganin girma na nono.

A hankali, adadin madara yana raguwa, saniya ta daina yin nono har zuwa haihuwa na gaba. A wannan lokacin, ayyukan gland suna shiga cikin yanayin hutawa, kuma ana lura da tsarin ci gaba na baya, kuma bayan ciki na gaba, duk abin da ke sake maimaitawa. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar hormones, ana lura da babban ci gaban glandar mammary a lokacin daukar ciki na farko. A wasu mutane, nono ya kai kashi 3% na nauyin jiki duka, tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini na dabba a lokacin shayarwa yana cikin matsanancin damuwa, kuma saniya yana buƙatar shigar da shi cikin abincin magungunan da ke motsa samar da madara.

Length na lactation a cikin shanu

Lactation a cikin shanu ya kasu kashi 3 matakai, a cikin kowane nau’i na madara ya bambanta a cikin abun da ke ciki, kuma dabba yana buƙatar abinci daban-daban.

Matakai uku akan misalin madara

1. Lokaci na colostrum yana farawa bayan haihuwa kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 7. Colostrum yana da wadata a cikin fats, sunadaran da ma’adanai, yana da kauri sosai kuma baya so ga ɗan adam. Colostrum ya zama dole ga ɗan maraƙi a farkon kwanakin rayuwarsa, lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jikinsa da tsarin narkewar abinci ya zama dole, dangane da adadin furotin yana daidai da jini, kuma yana ɗauke da wasu abubuwa masu yawa masu amfani ga jariri.
2. Mataki mafi tsayi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 290, lokacin samun madara na yau da kullun da kowa ya sani.
3. Tsarin yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5-10, matakin furotin a cikin samfurin yana ƙaruwa, abun ciki na lactose da acidity suna raguwa. Maidowa na dabba ya fara, yana da daraja rage yawan makamashi daga abinci zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta.

Novice manoma wani lokacin kuskure zaton cewa lactation lokaci ne tsananin ayyana, amma a gaskiya kowane hali ne mutum da kuma dogara a kan general yanayin dabba, da yanayin da abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kiyayewa. Ana iya samar da madara a ko’ina cikin shekara ko bace saboda damuwa a cikin makonni na farko, don haka a cikin watanni 3 na farko ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi dacewa ga rayuwa da lafiyar saniya.

Magana. Tsarin nono a cikin shanu zai taimaka sarrafa yawan aiki ta hanyar bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin kuzarin nono. Bayyanar tsalle mai kaifi a cikin zane yana nuna cin zarafin lafiya.

Dabarar ciyarwa

Don samun samfurin inganci da kuma kula da yanayin al’ada na dabba, wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa abincin saniya ya cika kuma ya ƙunshi duk abubuwan da ake bukata a cikakke. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, har ma da wuce haddi, zai iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin dabba, duk da yiwuwar farkon yawan aiki.

An ƙayyade ka’idojin ciyar da dabba bisa ga nauyin rayuwa, abun ciki mai kitse na samfurin da yawan nonon nono na yau da kullun. Babban mai nuna alama shine abun da ke ciki da yawa, idan akwai rashin furotin a cikin abinci ko daidaitaccen rabo na abubuwan ganowa, mai abun ciki na madara zai ragu sosai. Har ila yau, matasa, har yanzu girma maruƙa ya kamata su ƙara yawan. Duk da cewa ana ƙididdige tushen abinci daga abincin da gonar ke da shi, tushen abincin ya kamata ya zama abinci mai daɗi, yayin da adadin ciyawa ya kamata a ɗan iyakance shi.

Ya kamata a iyakance adadin ciyawa kaɗan

Akwai wasu a zamanin Soviet, amma har yanzu yana da tasiri, matsakaicin abinci ga saniya mai nauyin kilogiram 500, matsakaicin adadin madara yau da kullun na kilogiram 17 na madara da mai mai kusan 4%:

• nauyi – 30 kg;
• beets – 5 kg;
• abinci mai mahimmanci – 2.2 kg;
• gishiri – 6 kg;
• gari fodder – 1 kg.

A kowane hali, adadin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin abincin yana buƙatar gyare-gyare kaɗan, kuma daban-daban premixes zasu taimaka tare da wannan, wanda aka zaɓa daban-daban a kowane hali, tun da abun da ke cikin abincin ba koyaushe iri ɗaya bane.

Har ila yau, dabarun ciyarwa ya dogara da tsarin gidaje na dabbobi. Game da kewayon kyauta, saniya da kanta ta yanke shawarar abin da take buƙatar ƙarin, an riga an ba da abinci mai mahimmanci da premixes yayin nono. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin rumfa, ana daidaita yawan ciyarwa da kuma tsarin rarraba abinci. Ko ta yaya ake kiyaye dabbobin, dole ne a kiyaye tsarin yau da kullun kuma kowace gona ta karbe ta bisa ga yanayinta.

Kammalawa

Lokacin shayarwar kowace saniya ya dogara da nauyinta, shekaru da nau’inta, amma a matsakaicin watanni 10 ne. A zahiri karni da suka gabata, dakatar da shayarwa ya kasance matsala mai mahimmanci, amma a halin yanzu, fasaha, ciyarwa da shirye-shirye na musamman ba kawai sun sami damar rage lokacin rashin madara zuwa wata 1 ba, amma har ma an yi hasashen wannan lokacin don haka. mai kiwon yana da lokaci don shirya shi sosai.