Kajin ƙetarewa: menene, iri da abun ciki

Ba za ku ba kowa mamaki ba tare da takamaiman nau’in dabbar gida. Wannan al’amari ya yadu kuma mutane masu hannu a noma sun san su. Ga mutumin da ba shi da masaniya a cikin kiwo, manufar “giciye” zai zama wanda ba a sani ba. Giciye wani nau’in dabba ne na nau’i biyu na dabba, kuma yana da kyawawan halaye na iyayensa na musamman. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin kiwon kaji na gida, a matsayin mai mulkin, ga kaji. Za a tattauna fasali da bayanin ƙetare kaji a cikin wannan labarin.

Menene shi?

Gicciyen kaji sune, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan da aka ambata ne da aka ambata a baya an ambata su ne, a wasu lokutan kuma wani lokaci ma yawan jama’a, don samun nasarar samar da kwai da nama sosai. Ƙirƙirar ɗayan matasan yana faruwa ne bisa ga hadadden shiriwanda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun dabbobi ke shiga. Don fahimtar gaba ɗaya, yana da kyau a lura cewa ƙetare kaji na iya faruwa a matakai da yawa. A mataki na farko, zaɓen mafi kyawun zakaru na nau’ikan iri ko yawan jama’a yana faruwa. Sa’an nan kuma an ketare su da kaji, yayin da kuma zabar mafi kyau.

A sakamakon giciye da aka haifar da matasan za a iya ƙara ƙaruwa tare da wani irin, kuma wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa ingantaccen gicciye shine bred.

Irin wannan tsari (crossbreeding) zai iya kama da sanannen nau’in jinsin, saboda fasaha don samun matasan iri ɗaya ne. Duk da haka, bambance-bambance har yanzu akwai. Don haka, ana amfani da juna don haifar da sabon nau’in ko inganta halayen halayen ɗayan iyaye. Yayin da ciyawar kaji ba ta sanya kanta wani buri na kiwon zuriya ba. Kiwon kaji yana amfani ne kawai. Wato bayan kazar mai kiwo ta daina yin ƙwai, sai a yanka ta saboda ta gaji da kwai “mai yiwuwa”. Haka abin yake faruwa da kaza mai cin nama. Da zaran tsuntsun ya samu nauyin da ake bukata, sai a yanka shi.

Ba a amfani da kaji na ƙetare don haifar da zuriya don dalili ɗaya mai sauƙi – wannan karuwa ne mai ban sha’awa a cikin yawan aiki na ƙarni na farko. Kaza da aka haifa daga matasan ba ta da halaye iri ɗaya da iyaye, kuma gabaɗaya ya fi shi rauni.

Crossbreeding kajin na daban-daban kwatance

Za a iya shafa wa kajin kwai da nama duka.

kwai

Babban bambanci tsakanin kaza na yau da kullun da giciye daya shine adadin ƙwai da tsuntsu zai iya yi a cikin shekara guda. Sakamakon mafi ban sha’awa yana nuna tsuntsayen da aka halitta ta hanyar giciye. Adadin zai iya kaiwa ƙwai 300. Don haka kaza na yin kwai daya a rana. Koyaya, bayan watanni goma sha biyu, adadin ƙwai zai fara raguwa sosai, kuma zai zama mara amfani don kiyaye tsuntsaye. Don haka, ana ba da irin waɗannan kajin don yanka. Ganyen kaza mai tsafta na iya yin kimanin ƙwai 170-190 a cikin watanni goma sha biyu. Wato, akwai ƙarancin wakilan giciye. Amma irin wannan mai nuna alama zai kasance barga don da yawa fiye da shekaru, sabili da haka, yana da mafi riba don kiyaye kajin talakawa.

Don haka, za mu iya kammala hakan giciye yadudduka sun dace don gonar kiwon kaji na masana’antu, wanda ke da ƙwararrun ma’aikata da kayan aiki na zamaniWannan yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ɗakunan da ke cikin haɗuwa da ke haɗuwa da duk bukatun masana’anta. Mai tsabta mai tsabta zai zama kyakkyawan zaɓi ga manomi wanda ba shi da riba don siyan kajin da aka samu daga giciye kowace shekara.

Babu bambance-bambancen jinsi na musamman tsakanin kajin ƙetare. Wataƙila babban bambanci shine launi na kwai kwai. Giciyen da ke yin ƙwai tare da farin harsashi sune hybrids da aka halicce su daga nau’in farin kuma ana kiran su leggorn. Tsuntsaye waɗanda ƙwai suna da launin ruwan kasa sune hybrids na Rhode Island da New Hampshire breeds. Duk da cewa na baya-bayan nan yana da ƙarancin samar da ƙwai idan aka kwatanta da fararen giciye, kwanan nan sun shahara a gonakin kaji na masana’antu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda fa’idodi da yawa waɗanda suke da su:

• gawawwakin sun fi girma;
• nauyin kwai daya ya fi yawa;
• kaza yana da halin kwantar da hankali kuma yana jure wa damuwa da kyau;
• zuriya sun fi dacewa da yanayin (yana jure zafi da sanyi da kyau);
• babban adadin tsira na zuriya;
• saboda launi mai haske na gashin fuka-fukan, rarrabewa ta jinsi ya fi sauri.

Nama

Babban abubuwan da ke nuna nasarar samar da matasan kajin nama shine saurin karuwar nauyi da kuma farashin ciyar da kilogiram na nauyi da aka samu. Godiya ga aikin masu shayarwa, giciye na yanzu na nau’in nama, waɗanda ake kira broilers, suna iya kaiwa ga ƙimar kasuwa a cikin ƙasa da wata ɗaya da rabi. Tare da wannan, farashin ciyarwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, kada ku wuce 1,5 kg a kowace kilogiram na gawa.

Yawancin ƙasashe sun fi son hanyar bene don kiyaye kajin broiler. Kuma kawai a kan ƙasar Rasha, ana amfani da tsarin tantanin halitta shekaru da yawa. Wannan yana ƙayyade shaharar giciye na gida na musamman. Alal misali, a Rasha shuka, wani sananne matasan da ake kira ROSS-308 aka bred. A yau, godiya ga karuwar yawan kasuwancin, gonakin kaji suna samar da tsuntsayen da za su iya kai nauyin kilogiram 3 a cikin kwanaki 35 kawai. Kyakkyawan sakamako kuma suna da “KOBB-700” da “KOBB-500”.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Ya kamata a tuna cewa giciye da tsuntsaye masu tsabta suna cikin nau’i daban-daban. A game da babban kamfani na kiwon kaji don samar da kwai da nama, tambayar fifiko tsakanin giciye da tsuntsayen da ba su dace ba. Amma manomi mai zaman kansa yana fuskantar aikin yin jari mai riba na kudinsa. Don kada ku yi kuskure, ana ba da shawarar ku san kanku tare da duk fa’idodi da rashin amfani na giciye.

Yi la’akari da fa’idodin da ke tattare da ƙetare.

• Babban yawan yawan aiki. Ketare mafi kyawun wakilan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’in ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” Ketare mafi kyawun wakilan nau’in nau’in suna ba da sakamakonsa, kuma matasan da ke da mafi kyawun halaye daga iyayensa sun fi su amfani. Misali, kaza mai kwanciya tana yin ƙwai da yawa, kuma tsuntsu mai tsini yana samun nauyi sosai da sauri fiye da kowane irin nama.
• Kyakkyawan lafiya. Akwai ra’ayi cewa nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i). Duk da haka, wannan ba daidai ba ne – gicciye ba kawai yana da lafiya mai kyau ba, amma har ma yana da mafi kyawun rayuwa da kuma ikon daidaitawa ga yanayin.

Har ila yau, akwai rashin amfani na ajiye giciye, kuma idan ga mai babban kamfani na masana’antu yana da sauƙin warwarewa, to ga manomi mai zaman kansa wannan zai iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani.

• The short duration na high kwai samar. Kaji masu kiwo kawai suna yin ƙwai masu yawa a cikin watanni goma sha biyu na farkon rayuwarsu. Bayan haka, yawan aiki yana raguwa sosai don haka ba shi da riba don kiyaye tsuntsu, don haka ana aika giciye don yanka. Tsuntsu mai tsabta yana iya samar da ƙwai akai-akai har tsawon shekaru 3-4, duk da cewa girman ƙwai zai ragu.
• zuriya marasa amfani. Gaskiyar ita ce, kaji na ƙetare yana da ikon yin kiwo, amma kajin ba za su gaji manyan halayensa ba. A cikin mafi kyawun yanayin yanayin, kajin zai sami wasu halaye na iyayensa, amma wannan zai zama kaɗan.
• Rashin iya haye kaji da kanku. Irin waɗannan fasahohin suna samuwa ne kawai ga manyan gonakin kiwon kaji da masana’antu, inda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun dabbobi ke da hannu. Ba shi yiwuwa a haifar da matasan kaza a gida.
• Giciyen suna da matuƙar buƙata kuma suna da ban sha’awa ga yanayin da aka ajiye su a ciki.kuma suna da abubuwan da suke so na abinci. Duk da cewa masu shayarwa suna gudanar da ƙirƙira ƙarancin giciye a kowace shekara, tsuntsaye har yanzu suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da wasu abinci. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a ajiye kaji na ƙetare a kan ƙaramin gonaki, amma wannan zai buƙaci ƙarin ƙoƙari.

Mafi Wakilai

Ya zuwa yau, ba tare da la’akari da inda aka nufa ba (kwai ko nama), ɗimbin giciyen kaji sun samo asali, wanda ya sa masu shayarwa su gano jagororin da ba su dace ba, idan aka yi la’akari da abubuwan da suke samarwa. A cikin kwai kwai, na dogon lokaci, babban matsayi babu shakka ya shagaltar da wani matasan da ake kira leggorn. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, giciye na Jamus na Broken Brown sun yi ƙarfin gwiwa fiye da Leggorn, godiya ga samar da kwai mai ban sha’awa na ƙwai ɗari uku a cikin watanni goma sha biyu.

Tsananin bin ka’idodin kiyaye tsuntsaye da kuma tsarin kula da zaɓin abinci suna haifar da ‘ya’yan itace. Yana da kyau a lura cewa shi ne karyewar launin ruwan kasa wanda ke nuna kansa daidai a cikin wuraren buɗe ido na manyan masana’antu da kuma a kan ƙananan filayen noma. Dangane da sake dubawa da yawa na manoman Jamus, yawan noman kwai bai bambanta da na gonakin kaji ba.

Azurfa mai daraja tana shagaltar da wani matasan da ake kira Highsec Brown. Yawan ƙwai a cikin watanni goma sha biyu zai iya kaiwa 290. Babban fasalin ƙwai na wannan nau’in shine ƙananan ƙwayar cholesterol, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka rarraba su azaman kayan abinci. Wani muhimmin nuance na shahararrun ƙwai masu launin ruwan kasa shine girman. Ba tare da la’akari da inuwar harsashi: launin ruwan kasa ko fari ba, ƙwai suna ɗaukar girman girman su.

Bronze a cikin mafi kyawun wakilan giciye na kaji ya cancanci a ba da matasan tetra. Ba ya daidaita sosai a kan wani wurin gona mai zaman kansa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda dogaro kai tsaye na babban aiki akan yanayin tsarewa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, irin wannan ainihin tsuntsu ba shi da amfani ga karamin manomi, haka ma, kaza yana buƙatar ci akalla ɗari da hamsin grams na abinci kowace rana. Ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau, kajin tetra giciye ba zai sanya qwai sama da 250 ba.

Daga hanyar nama, ya kamata a lura da matasan gida da ake kira “Change-2”. Wannan nau’in ne ke ba da naman kaza ga kusan kashi uku na duk ‘yan ƙasar Rasha. Kajin yana samun bayyanar kasuwa da kuma yawan nauyin kilogiram 2,5 a rana ta arba’in da biyar bayan haihuwa. Har zuwa yau, wannan nau’in ya fi shahara a cikin duk giciye kaji. Kadan ɗan shahara, amma kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin manyan gonakin kaji, shine nau’in SK Rus-2. Wadannan tsuntsaye suna dacewa da su kawai zuwa kudancin Rasha, kuma kawai suna karɓar keji.

Don kajin giciye, duba bidiyon da ke ƙasa.