Ayrshire irin na shanu

An rarraba nau’in shanu na Ayrshire a matsayin masu yawan gaske, don haka ana amfani da shi a ko’ina don samar da kiwo. A cikin kiwon dabbobi, juriya ga yanayin yanayin sanyi da kyakkyawan dandano na samfuran kiwo kuma ana darajar su.

Wakilan nau’in Ayrshire

Tarihin asali

An haifi saniya Ayrshire a Scotland. Ta sami rajista a hukumance a cikin 1960s. Kakannin kakannin Ayrshires ana daukar su a matsayin shanun daji da ake samu a Scotland, da kuma nau’in Dutch, Tiswater da Alderney. An ajiye littattafan kiwo masana’antu a gonakin Amurka tun 1863, a Kanada – tun 1870.

Magana. Wannan nau’in ya samo sunansa daga sunan gundumar Aire, wanda shanun ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi.

Ayrshires sun fi yaɗu a cikin ƙasashe masu sanyi: Finland, Sweden, Arewacin Amirka. A cikin mafi yawan latitudes na kudanci, nau’in sanyi mai sanyi ba ya jin dadi sosai, sabili da haka, yana iya nuna raguwar yawan aiki. Wannan nau’in ya zo Rasha daga Finland, don haka an fi amfani dashi a yankin Leningrad da Karelia. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, akwai tsire-tsire masu kiwo da yawa waɗanda suka ƙware musamman a cikin nau’in Ayrshire. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ONOPPZ “Change” da FGU “Novoladozhsky”. Dangane da jimlar adadin dabbobin Ayrshire, Rasha ta mamaye matsayi na 2 a duniya, kuma Finland tana riƙe da matsayi na 1 amintacce tare da dabbobi kusan 150,000.

Bayani da halaye

Ƙananan masu girma dabam sune al’ada ga Ayrshires: tsayinsu bai wuce 125 cm ba. Matsakaicin nauyin saniya shine kilogiram 460, kuma nauyin sa, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 800 kg ba. Jikin shanu yana kama da daidai gwargwado saboda gajeriyar jiki da madaidaiciyar gajerun gaɓoɓi. Sauran bambance-bambancen nau’ikan nau’ikan:

• kasancewar dewlap a kan kunkuntar sternum;
• lebur babba;
• m kai mai manyan ƙahoni fari-rawaya;
• bakin ciki kasusuwa;
• ci gaba na muscular corset;
• gajeren gashi.

Bayanin Airshires

Saniya Ayrshire tana da launi na musamman: wuraren ja-ja-jaja-launin ruwan kasa sun fito fili a gaban farar bango. A wasu mutane, launin ruwan kasa na iya zama rinjaye. A wannan yanayin, wuraren farar fata suna samuwa a kan bangon kyan gani. Shanun Ayrshire suna da kyawawan nono. Fata a cikin wannan yanki yana da bakin ciki da kuma na roba. Nonuwa sun yi nisa sosai.

Yawan aiki

Irin nau’in Ayrshire yana da saurin farawa na balaga. Heifers suna shirye don haifuwa da zuriya a cikin shekaru 1,5 shekaru. Yawancin lokaci hadi yana faruwa a lokacin kiwo a farkon bazara. Hali mai dacewa da kwanciyar hankali yana shaida shirye-shiryen shanu don wannan tsari. Na farko calving yana faruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin shekaru 2. Nauyin ɗan maraƙi na jariri shine 25-30 kg. Haihuwa yana da sauƙi, ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Marukan Ayrshire suna samun nauyi da sauri. A cikin shekaru 1 yana da 250-300 kg.

Amfanin shanun kiwo na irin Ayrshire:

1. Babban kashi na mai, ya kai 4.3%.
2. Ana samar da madara mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don shekaru 15-17.
3. Mafi ƙarancin abun ciki na ƙwayoyin nama a cikin madara.
4. Matsakaicin adadin furotin shine 3.5%.
5. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin nono na shekara shine kilogiram dubu 7 na madara. Shanu na layin Finnish suna da matsakaicin matsakaici – 8,5 dubu kg kowace shekara.

Ban sha’awa. Shanu Ayrshire a Finland suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Har ila yau, a cikin wannan ƙasa mafi girman yawan adadin madara: dabbobi suna ba da kilogiram dubu 11 na madara a kowace shekara. Saboda kyawawan halayensa, ana amfani da madarar shanun Ayrshire don samar da abincin jarirai. Dangane da manyan alamomi da halayen ɗanɗano, samfuran kiwo na nau’in Ayrshire sun fi dacewa da jagoran da aka sani a cikin samar da kiwo – nau’in Holstein.

Ayrshires dabbobin kiwo ne. Duk da haka, suna da halaye masu gamsarwa a cikin samar da nama. Wakilan nau’in suna iya samar da har zuwa kashi 50 cikin dari na kayan abinci na nama a lokacin yanka. Ana amfani da bijimin Ayrshire sau da yawa don aikin kiwo tare da wasu nau’ikan don haɓaka yawan aiki a hanyar kiwo.

Siffofin abun ciki

Ayrshires ba su da fa’ida wajen kiyayewa. Iyakar abin da aka yi la’akari da shi shine babban aiki, wanda wani lokaci yana ɗaukar halin zalunci. Saboda haka, matsaloli mafi girma suna tasowa lokacin kiwo dabba.

Ayrshire shanu a cikin makiyaya

Har ila yau, Ayrshires suna da kunya sosai, don haka suna buƙatar rumbun da aka tsara sosai, an kare shi daga ƙarar ƙarar kwatsam. A lokaci guda, dabbobi suna sauƙin daidaitawa zuwa sababbin yanayi kuma ba sa samun rashin jin daɗi daga canjin yanayi.

Wasu fasalolin abun ciki:

1. Wuraren shanu ya kamata a kiyaye su a hankali daga zane.
2. Ya dace da wurin kiwo ko rumfa. Canji daga nau’in ciyarwa ɗaya zuwa wani ya kamata a hankali. Shanu suna sauƙin daidaitawa zuwa roughage, wanda ke sa ciyar da sauƙi.
3. A cikin hunturu, shanu suna buƙatar abubuwan ma’adinai da hadaddun bitamin.
4. Abincin dabbobi ya kamata ya hada da kayan lambu (dankali, karas, kabewa), gishiri da dakakken alli. Wadannan samfurori suna da tasiri mai kyau akan dandano kayan kiwo.

Kiwo Ayrshires yana da daraja ba kawai saboda yawan samar da madara ba. Fa’idodin nau’in sun haɗa da babban rigakafi, sauƙin ƙirƙira, kyakkyawan narkewar abinci da rashin fa’ida a cikin kulawa. Irin wannan saniya nan da nan ana iya gani a cikin garken saboda launi mai ban sha’awa da halayyar aiki.

Marubuci: Olga Samoilova