A cikin fannin aikin gona, kiwon alade yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Amma dabbobin kiwo suna buƙatar bayyanannen fahimtar abin da ƙarshen samfurin kuke son samu. Bisa ga wannan, manoma suna jagorancin manyan nau’o’in noma guda uku – nama, nama-mai da nau’in alade.
Irin alade mai maiko
Duk irin nau’in da manomi ya zaba, domin dabbobi su kasance masu karfi da lafiya, kuna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, kulawa mai kyau da kuma ciyarwa mai kyau. Alade suna cin komai, amma ba za ku iya ciyar da su ba da gangan, in ba haka ba kitsen da nama za su kasance marasa inganci, kuma dabbar kanta na iya yin rashin lafiya. Don haka dole ne a tunkari batun kitso da muhimmanci.
Hanyar da ta wanzu don kitso aladu
Zai fi kyau a fara kitso aladu a bazara ko lokacin rani. Tun da ciki na aladu ba ya narke dukan hatsi da kyau, yana da kyau a niƙa kayan hatsi. Yana da kyawawa don ba da abinci ga piglets ba zafi ba, amma dumi. Abincin rana wanda yara ba su ci ba ba a bar su ba, amma an jefar da su kuma ana ciyar da abinci na gaba tare da abinci mai sabo.
Ba abin da ake so ba cewa tushen abincin shine abinci tare da babban abun ciki na ruwa (yawanci kayan lambu), tun da sun ƙunshi ƙananan adadin sunadarai, wanda ke hana nauyin nauyi. Don rama rashin amino acid, menu ya kamata ya haɗa da waken soya, kifi, sha’ir, alli da sauran abinci masu ɗauke da calcium. Lokacin ƙara 30-35 g na gishiri zuwa abinci, abinci yana da kyau a sha. Bugu da ƙari, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa abincin ya ƙunshi bitamin da ma’adanai.
Muhimmanci! Ana ciyar da dabbobi sau biyu a rana. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa akwai ruwa mai dadi a cikin mai sha.
Iri-iri na kitso
Ana bambanta nau’ikan kitso guda uku dangane da manufofin.
Kitso iri uku
kitso nama
Babban burin shine a sami nama maras kyau. Fara kitso da dabbobi, tun daga watanni 3 da haihuwa, kuma a gama idan sun kai watanni 8. A wannan lokacin, nauyin ya bambanta daga 100 zuwa 120 kg. Rabon da ake ci na nama shine 70-75%. Idan ka ci gaba da kitso har zuwa 130 kg – 85%. Ciyarwar tana faruwa a matakai biyu.
- Abincin abinci mai gina jiki da adadin kuzari na abinci shine matsakaici, ƙungiyoyi ba su da iyaka. Matsakaicin girman girman gram 600. Yana ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 70. Wannan shine yawancin lokacin bazara kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, kimanin 1/3 na abincin ya kamata ya zama ganye, kayan lambu da ciyawa. A cikin hunturu, an canza wannan ɓangaren abincin zuwa silage, tushen amfanin gona, abincin dabba. Sauran abincin yana mai da hankali (cakudin masara, sha’ir, bran, kifi kifi). Tabbatar cewa kun haɗa da bitamin A, B, E, amino acid. Abincin da ya dace yana ba ku damar samun girma tare da ɗan cin abinci kaɗan.
Peculiarity! Ana samun ci gaban gawa ta al’ada ta hanyar kiyaye daidaitaccen abinci. Abincin ya kamata ya ƙunshi gram 115 na furotin kowane mutum don kada ya rage girma.
- Ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki da adadin kuzari na abinci yana ƙaruwa, ƙungiyoyi suna iyakance. Matsakaicin nauyi a kowace rana shine gram 800. A wannan mataki, rabin abincin ya ƙunshi dankali, beets, legumes, sharar abinci, kayan kiwo. Ware abincin da ke cutar da ɗanɗanon nama mara kyau (kayan kifi, gero, bran). Rabin na biyu na abincin shine abinci mai da hankali, ƙimar sinadirai wanda shine kusan 90%. Har ila yau, abincin yana buƙatar abun ciki na alli da phosphorus (murkushe bawo, alli), bitamin da ma’adanai.
Abincin naman alade
Don samun naman alade, wato, nama mai laushi da m tare da ƙananan yadudduka na mai. Don kitsen naman alade, an zaɓi dabbobi masu fadi da kirji da baya. Aladu na nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan “Landrace”, “naman alade na Estoniya”, wani lokacin “Metis” suna da kyau. Yana farawa lokacin da alade sun kasance watanni 3 kuma suna ƙare a watanni 7, lokacin da dabbobin suka kai nauyin kilogiram 100. Hakanan ya ƙunshi matakai biyu.
Naman alade
- Ana aiwatar da shi har zuwa watanni 4,5 kuma yana ba da matsakaicin karuwa na gram 460.
- Yana ɗaukar har zuwa watanni 7 kuma yana ba da matsakaicin riba kusan gram 700. Kashe ko iyakance cin abinci mai ɗauke da mai.
Muhimmanci! Tilas hadawa a cikin abinci na sha’ir. A sakamakon haka, an inganta ingancin nama da mai, kuma mummunan tasirin wasu abubuwan da ke tattare da dandano na samfurin ya ƙare.
Kitso
Babban burin shine samun naman alade. Matsakaicin kauri mai kauri shine 10 cm. Sakamakon kitse, nauyin ya kamata ya kasance har zuwa kilogiram 200, adadin mai yana kusan 50%. Yawan nauyi ya kamata ya zama kusan 55%.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ciyar da aladu zuwa yanayin mai mai:
- nauyin nauyin dabbobin matasa – to, a lokacin shirye-shiryen, abinci ya kamata ya sami babban adadin furotin;
- karuwa a cikin yawan ƙwararrun boars da sarauniya waɗanda suka rasa aikin haifuwa.
Ana yin kitso har tsawon watanni 3. A cikin wata na farko da rabi, abincin yana dogara ne akan babban adadin amfanin gona na tushen, hay, an kara maida hankali. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi na gaba, yawan adadin kuzari yana ƙaruwa – legumes da masara suna cikin menu. Hakanan wajibi ne a ƙara Peas da sha’ir don inganta ingancin mai.
Don zaɓar ɗaya ko wani nau’in kitso, kuna buƙatar zaɓar alade na nau’in daidaitacce. A halin yanzu, kiwo na aladu na nau’in tallow yana samun karuwa sosai. Dabbobin suna da wasu siffofi na kiwo, kitso, da fa’ida da rashin amfani.
Irin alade mai maiko
Fat samfurin ne wanda ke ba da makamashi mai yawa tare da ƙaramin ƙara. Saboda haka, nau’in tallow sun yadu. Don samun mai, ana buƙatar ƙaramin farashi. Aladu na wannan nau’in suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma na ƙwayar tsoka. Saboda haka, tsarin tara mai yana farawa da wuri kuma yana faruwa da sauri idan aka kwatanta da nama da nau’in mai-nama.
Kiba
Aladu na wannan shugabanci suna halin haɓaka mai yawa. Bangaren ƙirji a cikin ƙara kusan yayi daidai da tsayin jiki. Shugaban yana da girma. Wuyan gajere ne kuma mai kauri. Gajerun gaɓoɓi, hamma mai ƙarfi. Dabbobi na wannan nau’in suna bambanta da farkon precocity. Ƙarfin kitse yana haifar da haɓakar lardin.
Baƙar fata babba
Wani nau’in jinsin da aka haifa a Ingila. An kafa shi ta hanyar ketare nau’o’i daban-daban – “Neapolitan”, “Baƙar fata na Sinanci” da “Mai dogon kunnen Ingilishi”. Ya bayyana a cikin ƙasa na Rasha a cikin 40-50s na karni na karshe.
Yawancin lokaci ana ketare wannan nau’in tare da “Big Whites” don haɓaka zuriya. Matsakaicin farrowing daga 8 zuwa 10 piglets.
Kiwo ya fi mayar da hankali ne akan yanayin dumi. Wakilai suna da m, amma babban tsarin mulki – kafafu masu karfi, fadi da kirji da baya. A shekaru 10 watanni, za su iya kai wani nauyi na 200 kg. Matsakaicin nauyin manya shine: maza 280-310 kg, aladu 200-215 kg.
Mangalitskaya ko woolen Hungarian
Bred a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX a Hungary. An fitar da dabbobin zuwa makiyaya kyauta. Dabbobin wannan nau’in sun dace sosai don tafiya akan makiyaya da kuma ciyar da kiwo.
A matsakaici, nauyin namiji a cikin watanni 10 shine 160-180 kg, alade – daga 120 zuwa 150 kg. Tare da ƙarin fattening, nauyin zai iya kaiwa 300 kg. Naman wannan nau’in alade shine abin da ake ci. Kauri daga cikin sebaceous Layer ne 8-10 cm.
Aladu suna bambanta da kafafu masu karfi da kuma babban jiki, babban rigakafi (wanda baya buƙatar alurar riga kafi). Unpretentious a cikin abinci da kuma yanayin tsare. Balagaggen jima’i yana faruwa a wata goma. A cikin farrowing na farko, alade ya haifi 5-6, kuma a cikin na gaba – daga 10 zuwa 12 jarirai.
Woolen Hungarian alade tare da jariri
Siffar sifa ita ce kasancewar ulu mai kauri mai kauri, wanda ke rufe jiki gaba daya. Dabbobi suna da kyau a kowane yanayi.
Ukrainian steppe hange
An haifar da nau’in ta hanyar ketare nau’o’i da yawa – “Mangalitskaya”, “Ukrainian White Steppe” da “Berkshire”. Adult boars suna auna daga 280 zuwa 300 kg, mata daga 180 zuwa 230 kg. Matsakaicin farrowing daga 9 zuwa 10 piglets. Siffa ta musamman ita ce bambance-bambancen launi.
Wakilan wannan nau’in suna da kyawawan halaye na ƙetare nau’i-nau’i – nauyin jiki mai yawa, ciki mai yawa, sauƙi mai sauƙi ga yanayin dumi da sanyi. Haɗuwa da kyawawan halaye na madara da kasancewar kyawawan halaye na uwa kusan yana kawar da hasara a cikin tarbiyyar zuriya.
Mirgorodskaya
An haife irin wannan nau’in a cikin 1940 a cikin yankin Poltava ta hanyar ƙetare da yawa na nau’in “ɗan gajeren kunne na Ukrainian”, “Large White”, “Berkshire”, “Temvos”. Matsakaicin nauyin maza shine 250-300 kg, mata – 250 kg. Matsakaicin farrowing jarirai 10-12.
Wakilan wannan nau’in suna sauƙin jure yanayin yanayi daban-daban, ba su da fa’ida, suna da ƙarfin gaske, kuma suna jure wa damuwa. Launi mai tabo. Aladu na wannan nau’in suna da girman ginin gini, kafafu masu karfi, kirji mai fadi da baya – kirji da tsayin jiki kusan iri ɗaya ne, wani lokacin kirjin kirji ya wuce tsawon jiki.
Lokacin zabar dabbobi don kiwo, kuna buƙatar la’akari da ciyarwa da kulawa da kyau. Nau’in aladu masu laushi suna dacewa da yanayin yanayi daban-daban, suna da girman kai da haihuwa. Nagartaccen kitso da kulawa mai kyau yana ba da garantin samfur mafi inganci.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
