Feed yeasting

Distinguish between sparse, unpaired and sourdough methods of yeast. The easiest to prepare is the safe method. For 100 kg of dry food, you need to take 0,5-1 kg of pressed baker’s yeast, dilute them in 5 liters of warm water. 150-200 liters of warm water with a temperature of 30-40 ° C are poured into the container, diluted yeast is added to it and dry food is poured while stirring. The mass is thoroughly mixed every 0,5 hours. After 6-9 hours, the food is ready for use. If you need to cook it less, proportionally reduce the amount of all constituent components.

Receiving the sugar present in the grain, yeast cells multiply rapidly and provide the accumulation of a significant amount of protein and vitamins. In addition, amides and incomplete feed proteins are converted into biologically complete, easily digestible and assimilable proteins.

Yeast increases the biological value of the feed, improves nutrient availability and has a beneficial effect on the health, appetite, growth rate, livability, feed utilization and reproductive function of pigs.

Pigs should be accustomed to eating yeast feed gradually – within 5-6 days. Piglets are fed 5-60%, young animals for fattening – 25-30%, adult animals – 30-40% of yeast feed by weight of concentrates.

What is the preferred method of preparing feed for feeding?

To answer this question, you need to weigh the pros and cons in relation to each of these methods.

When feeding with dry food, it is easier to mechanize its distribution, the feed in the feeders does not deteriorate and does not turn sour for a long time, but their losses increase during loading and unloading, dustiness and air pollution increase in the premises.

Feeding moistened feed significantly reduces its loss, but due to the high water content in it and, as a result, an increase in the amount of urine excreted in pigs, humidity and bacterial contamination increase in the premises, and the feed quickly turns sour.
Liquid feeds help thin and weaken gastric juice, increase metabolism, and protein is wasted. Liquid food quickly passes through the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore insufficiently digested and absorbed. Liquid feed degrades the quality of meat and fat.

When the feed moisture is high, the pigs look for thicker portions, capturing liquid feed, some of it is passed back to the feeders. As a result, 20-30% of the feed remains in them in a jelly-like form and is heavily contaminated.

With a ratio of feed and water of 1: 1, the moisture content of the feed mixture is 57%, with a ratio of 1: 2 – 71%, 1: 3 – 78%, 1: 4 – 82%.

The value of the average daily gain of fattening pigs is directly dependent on the consistency of the feed. If in the first half of fattening pigs are given mixtures with a moisture content of 80%, 30 g of growth is lost on each head per day; at a moisture content of the mixture of 85% – 70 g, at 90% – 110-130 g of gain compared with the gains of pigs receiving feed with a moisture content of 75%. In the final fattening period, the loss of average daily gains reaches 150-220 g.

Liquid mashes with a solids content of 15% or less are not suitable for fattening pigs, as they limit the required nutrient intake. When fattening pigs from 40 to 130 kg, feed that contains at least 25-30% dry matter should be considered normal. The best moisture content of feed mixtures is in the range of 70-75%, while excessive water consumption by animals is excluded. It is possible to achieve such moisture content of feed mixtures at a ratio of feed and water of 1:2-1:2,5.

For mechanized distribution of feed, they should be fed dry or wet and thickly mixed.

Pregnant and lactating sows, rearing gilts are recommended to be given liquid feed with a moisture content of about 80% (feed:water ratio 1:3). When liquid feed is fed to the queens, the number of pregnancies, milk production, weight of the nest of piglets for weaning, and the safety of the offspring increase.

Liquid-fed replacement gilts develop better reproductive organs and are predisposed to higher productivity than dry-fed gilts.

It is useful to remember that in the autumn-winter period of the year, feed for pigs should be moistened with hot water. The water temperature is determined by the time from wetting to the distribution of feed in the feeders. If these operations are performed quickly, one after another (in a personal subsidiary plot), then the water temperature can be 60 ° C; if moistening is carried out in the feed kitchen, and then the feed is transported to the farm by a tractor, car or wagon, then it should be filled with water having a temperature of 75-80 ° C. This is done so that the feed at the time of eating by the animals has a body temperature of the pig of about 40 ° C. When moistening the feed with cold water (from the water supply), it must warm up in the stomach to the temperature of the animal’s body, only then will its digestion begin. And part of the nutrients received by the animal in the diet is spent on heating the feed.

Almost any food, and especially grain, is recommended to grind before feeding. The assimilation of nutrients from feed mixtures in the body of pigs largely depends on the degree of grinding of concentrates.

RџSЂRё grain grinding the indigestible lignin shell is destroyed, the availability of digestive juices to nutrients increases, and chewing of the feed is facilitated. The crushed grain is better mixed with other components of the diet. When feeding pigs with such grain, the digestibility of all nutrients increases by 14-39%, and the average daily gain increases by 140-170 g.

Therefore, grain feed should be fed to pigs only in crushed form. To what extent is it better to grind the grain?

According to the degree of grinding, coarse (particle size from 1,8 to 3 mm), medium (1-1,8 mm) and fine grinding (0,2-1 mm) are distinguished. Digestibility and absorption of nutrients from grains increase with decreasing feed particle size. Whole grain corn, for example, is digested by pigs by 74,4%, with coarse grinding – by 88,4, with medium – by 93,8 and with fine – by 94,9%. And since the animals absorb more nutrients from the same amount of feed with fine grinding, the growth of pigs also increases. Large amounts of dust particles smaller than 0,2 mm should be avoided in pig diets. This leads to an increase in feed losses, poor absorption of nutrients due to the rapid passage of feed through the digestive tract, a decrease in growth rate, and peptic ulcer disease in pigs.

The degree of grinding also depends on the type of feed. Soft oat grain can be ground to a particle size of no more than 1 mm, since pigs use it 4-12% worse when coarsely ground. When grinding wheat, it is better to use medium grinding. With too fine grinding, it is not chewed, turns into a sticky pasty mass in the oral cavity and loses its taste, and when coarse, it is poorly digested. Shredded corn is not recommended to be stored for more than 7 days. Due to the high fat content during long-term storage, it becomes rancid, deteriorates, acquires an unpleasant odor and can lead to digestive disorders.

Crushed grain feed at a moisture content of more than 15% cakes and self-heating.

For suckling pigs, fine grinding of grain is most acceptable, for weaners and fattening young animals – medium.

For better assimilation of protein from cakes and meals, they are crushed to a state of fine grinding before being included in the diet. However, it should be remembered that they also do not withstand long-term storage in crushed form.

Anna Evans

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